The growing prevalence of digital labor platforms has fundamentally transformed business models by creating interconnected value systems that redefine how work is organized, delivered, and monetized in today’s digital economy. This study examines platform-based business model innovation through the lens of value co-creation processes, analyzing user-generated content from digital work platforms including Reddit, FlexJobs, Toptal, and Deel. Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling on 342 semantically filtered reviews from platform workers, we identified six key themes characterizing stakeholder experiences: User Experience and Platform Evaluation (23.77%), Financial Concerns and Time Management (18.49%), Platform Satisfaction and Recommendation System (16.60%), Paid Services and Investment Strategies (15.09%), Job Search Processes and Remote Work Alternatives (13.96%), and Overall Platform Performance and Account Management (12.08%). These findings reveal how digital platforms create value through complex interactions between technology infrastructure, governance mechanisms, and stakeholder experiences within interconnected ecosystems. The dominance of user experience concerns over purely economic considerations challenges traditional labor economics frameworks and highlights the critical role of platform design in worker satisfaction. Our analysis demonstrates that successful plsatform business models depend on balancing technological capabilities with human-centered value propositions, requiring innovative approaches to ecosystem orchestration, stakeholder engagement, and value distribution. The study contributes to understanding how digital business models can leverage interconnected value systems to drive sustainable innovation, offering strategic insights for platform design, ecosystem governance, and business model optimization in the digital era.
Underground winter bamboo shoots, prized for their high nutritional value and economic significance, face harvesting challenges owing to inefficient manual methods and the lack of specialized detection technologies. This review systematically evaluates current detection approaches, including manual harvesting, microwave detection, resistivity methods, and biomimetic techniques. While manual methods remain dominant, they suffer from labor shortages, low efficiency, and high damage rates. Microwave-based technologies demonstrate high accuracy and good depths but are hindered by high costs and soil moisture interference. Resistivity methods show feasibility in controlled environments but struggle with field complexity and low resolution. Biomimetic approaches, though innovative, face limitations in odor sensitivity and real-time data processing. Key challenges include heterogeneous soil conditions, performance loss, and a lack of standardized protocols. To address these, an integrated intelligent framework is proposed: (1) three-dimensional modeling via multi-sensor fusion for subsurface mapping; (2) artificial intelligence (AI)-driven harvesting robots with adaptive excavation arms and obstacle avoidance; (3) standardized cultivation systems to optimize soil conditions; (4) convolution neural network–transformer hybrid models for visual-aided radar image analysis; and (5) aeroponic AI systems for controlled growth monitoring. These advancements aim to enhance detection accuracy, reduce labor dependency, and increase yields. Future research should prioritize edge-computing solutions, cost-effective sensor networks, and cross-disciplinary collaborations to bridge technical and practical gaps. The integration of intelligent technologies is poised to transform traditional bamboo forestry into automated, sustainable “smart forest farms”, addressing global supply demands while preserving ecological integrity.
Septri Widiono, Jheni Juwita Sari Melia, Ketut Sukiyono
et al.
Land tenancy and labor relations are two agrarian institutions that shape the organization of agricultural activities at the production level and often influence production performance. This study explores the patterns of land tenancy and labor relations among rice-farming communities in Lahat Regency, South Sumatra, through the lens of the reciprocity economic perspective. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research was conducted in four villages across the sub-districts of Tanjung Sakti Pumi and Lahat Selatan. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the tenant farmers, landowners, extension officers, and community leaders. Findings reveal two dominant sharecropping systems: an equal 1:1 distribution and a saseh system with a 2:1 share. These informal and unwritten arrangements are based on kinship ties, mutual trust, and local norms. They provide stable land access for landless farmers and maintain production continuity, despite limited institutional support. Labor relations are equally embedded in cultural practices such as gotong royong (mutual aid), where families and neighbors contribute unpaid or semi-paid labor during peak agricultural periods. Compensation may include food, rice, or low wages, depending on the relationship and labor type. However, they reveal underlying tensions between tradition and social transformation, in which evolving reciprocity practices may increasingly function as mechanisms of surplus accumulation under market penetration. Theoretically, this study contributes to rural sociology by demonstrating how informal systems of tenancy and labor persist as rational and adaptive responses to socio-economic constraints, while also highlighting their potential vulnerability to erosion under agrarian pressures. The findings suggest that development policies should aim to reinforce these community-based systems to improve agricultural sustainability and social equity in rural Indonesia.
Introduction: Extensive maxillary defects challenge interim obturation due to labor-intensive traditional methods for required hollow prosthesis. This case presents a digital workflow enabling same-day delivery of closed hollow interim obturators. Case description: A 55-year-old patient scheduled for maxillectomy (squamous cell carcinoma) underwent preoperative intraoral scanning (Aoralscan 3, Shining 3D) to design a surgical obturator with cones for coronal cover positioning. The obturator was additive manufactured (Pro95 printer, SprintRay; Dentca Denture Base II/Teeth, Dentca) and seated intraoperatively. Post-surgery, it served as a custom tray for defect impressions. A coronal cover was digitally designed via ''Offset,'' ''Boolean subtraction,'' and ''Shell'' (Geomagic Wrap, 3D Systems), printed (Pro95), and bonded to the obturator using the denture base resin . Total chairside time was <2 hours. Discussion: The technique eliminated manual hollowing and casts, reducing prosthesis weight by 46.97% versus solid designs. Precise 2-mm coronal cover thickness ensured structural integrity and hermeticity, with no leakage at 3-month follow-up. Single-visit fabrication (1-hour printing/assembly) minimized clinical appointments, while high trueness reduced chairside adjustments. Conclusion/clinical significance: This digital approach streamlines rehabilitation, enhancing retention, comfort, and function for extensive maxillary defects. It demonstrates the viability of additive manufacturing in time-sensitive prosthetic care.
With live streaming capabilities becoming increasingly important to the success of social media applications and representing central modes of engagement for popular digital platforms, the economic and socio-political functions of live streaming are critical to an understanding of changing new media landscapes. The existing scholarship on Twitch and similar live streaming platforms has demonstrated the importance of both financial investments and affective labor to these digital spaces. Building from existing scholarship, this article will apply a critical-cultural lens to analyze the ways in which Twitch’s interface mediates users’ agency through mechanics centered on affect, capital, and their intersections. How do emotional intimacies manifest across the design of the Twitch subscription system? How does Twitch incentivize live streaming subscriptions for both viewers and creators via design choices? What does this mean for an understanding of the affective investments that users have in live streaming more broadly speaking? Through an examination of the design-based affordances of live streaming on Twitch, I ask how these capabilities (to pay streamers via subscriptions and gift systems as well as to follow, comment, and otherwise engage) reflect the varying ways that intimacy is both created and understood in live streaming contexts. This work will contribute to an understanding of the affective investments that users have, express, and create across various new media platforms. It will particularly focus on how affective labor is both compensated and obfuscated via systems like the Twitch subscription.
While Industry 4.0 improves human productivity, it also raises sustainability and social challenges. Industry 5.0, as a supplement and logical continuation of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, focuses on the development of a human-centric, sustainable, and resilient manufacturing system. This paper reviews the existing literature. First, it discusses the definition and implementation framework for Industry 5.0. Then, it expounds the application status of Industry 5.0 in the field of intelligent manufacturing from four perspectives: digital manufacturing and intelligence, human-centric intelligent manufacturing and production process management, decentralized and resilient production, and sustainable production. It summarizes the role of Industry 5.0 technology in various intelligent manufacturing scenarios, as well as the challenges it faces, and concludes by analyzing Industry 5.0’s potential development direction and future technologies. This paper believes that the application of Industry 5.0 technology will effectively improve the production capacity of intelligent manufacturing systems and promote the development of intelligent manufacturing systems in a safe, efficient, sustainable and resilient direction; the development of Industry 5.0 will focus on giving full play to human creativity, avoiding repetitive labor through human-robot collaboration, and thereby realizing human value.
Mohammad Qasem, Stoyan Stoyanov, Sadam Ratrout
et al.
Lithium-ion batteries play a crucial role in present-day energy storage systems, necessitating the development of precise prediction models to improve their performance and ensure safety. The present study introduces a comprehensive methodology that encompasses the calibration, validation, and application of two separate Li-ion battery electrochemical models: the equivalent circuit model and the electrochemistry-based model. The calibration and validation of these models are based on experimental data conducted under various operating conditions, including charge/discharge rates, calendaring temperature, and Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) tests. After the successful validation process, these models are used to generate synthetic data tailored to real-world applications, particularly electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles (eVTOL). The primary objective is to assess the precision of battery performance prediction, wherein the synthetic data is thoroughly compared with real experimental data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in developing a model that reduces dependence on labor-intensive testing and associated equipment costs, reduces time for experimentation, and accelerates controller development for batteries. This work highlights the importance of precise predictive models in lithium-ion batteries, facilitating the effective investigation of practical applications and advancements in energy storage technology.
COJOCARU ANDREI VALENTIN, NACHE CIMPOERU MARIA, CĂLIN OANA ALEXANDRA
The ongoing evolution and rapid transformations occurring in the labor market, influenced by economic
progress, are leading to the emergence of novel job roles and substantial modifications in conventional occupations.
These changes underscore the importance of adapting educational systems to anticipate the future demands of the
labor market, ensuring seamless transitions for individuals from educational institutions to the workforce. Education
and employment are interdependent. On one hand, the European Union (EU) and its member states require an effective
education system that equips individuals with skills aligned with labor market demands. However, it is also imperative
to provide a proficient and inventive workforce market that amplifies efficiency while fostering individual growth and
societal integration within the population. The key dimensions frequently analyzed to characterize the state of the
education market and evaluate its implications on the labor market include the demand for education (participation
rates in education), characteristics of the education supply (financial aid for tertiary education), and outcomes of the
educational system (early school leavers, tertiary graduates, youth not in employment, education, or training). To
gather relevant information, the statistical database Eurostat, Tempo-online (National Institute of Statistics), as well as
data provided by the European Commission, the Council of the Union, and the European Parliament were utilized.
Commercial geography. Economic geography, Economics as a science
Waterfowl farming in China is developing rapidly in the direction of large-scale, standardization and intelligence. The research and application of intelligent farming equipment and information technology is the key to promote the healthy and sustainable development of waterfowl farming, which is important to improve the output efficiency of waterfowl farming, reduce the reliance on labor in the production process, fit the development concept of green and environmental protection and achieve high-quality transformational development. In this paper, the latest research and inventions of intelligent waterfowl equipment, waterfowl shed environment intelligent control technology and intelligent waterfowl feeding, drinking water, dosing and disinfection and automatic manure treatment equipment were introduced. At present, compared to pigs, chickens and cattle, the intelligent equipment of waterfowl are still relatively backward. Most waterfowl houses are equipped with chicken equipment directly, lacking improvements for waterfowl. Moreover, the linkage between the equipment is poor and not integrated with the breeding mode and shed structure of waterfowl, resulting in low utilization. Therefore, there is a need to develop and improve equipment for the physiological growth characteristics of waterfowl from the perspective of their breeding welfare. In addition, the latest research advances in the application of real-time production information collection and intelligent management technologies were present. The information collection technologies included visual imaging technology, sound capture systems, and wearable sensors were present. Since the researches of ducks and geese is few, the research of poultry field, which can provide a reference for the waterfowl were also summarized. The research of information perception and processing of waterfowl is currently in its initial stage. Information collection techniques need to be further tailored to the physiological growth characteristics of waterfowl, and better deep learning models need to be established. The waterfowl management platform, taking the intelligent management platform developed by South China Agricultural University as an example were also described. Finally, the intelligent application of the waterfowl industry was pointed out, and the future trends of intelligent farming with the development of mechanized and intelligent equipment for waterfowl in China to improve the recommendations were analyzed. The current waterfowl farming is in urgent need of intelligent equipment reform and upgrading of the industry for support. In the future, intelligent equipment for waterfowl, information perception methods and control platforms are in urgent to be developed. When upgrading the industry, it is necessary to develop a development strategy that fits the current waterfowl farming model in China.
Dimaghi Schwamback, Magnus Persson, Ronny Berndtsson
et al.
Automated soil moisture systems are commonly used in precision agriculture. Using low-cost sensors, the spatial extension can be maximized, but the accuracy might be reduced. In this paper, we address the trade-off between cost and accuracy comparing low-cost and commercial soil moisture sensors. The analysis is based on the capacitive sensor SKU:SEN0193 tested under lab and field conditions. In addition to individual calibration, two simplified calibration techniques are proposed: universal calibration, based on all 63 sensors, and a single-point calibration using the sensor response in dry soil. During the second stage of testing, the sensors were coupled to a low-cost monitoring station and installed in the field. The sensors were capable of measuring daily and seasonal oscillations in soil moisture resulting from solar radiation and precipitation. The low-cost sensor performance was compared to commercial sensors based on five variables: (1) cost, (2) accuracy, (3) qualified labor demand, (4) sample volume, and (5) life expectancy. Commercial sensors provide single-point information with high reliability but at a high acquisition cost, while low-cost sensors can be acquired in larger numbers at a lower cost, allowing for more detailed spatial and temporal observations, but with medium accuracy. The use of SKU sensors is then indicated for short-term and limited-budget projects in which high accuracy of the collected data is not required.
ABSTRACTThe following essay explores the work of art as a site of encounter with human perceptual labor that plays a role in technical operations. It tackles the way such labor is deemed obsolete, soon to be replaced, and therefore surrogate even if it actually animates and reproduces automated vision systems. It explores how art goes about representing the ways in which such labor is undervalued and unrecognized. The text argues for reading in between the lines and images of Harun Farocki’s films, installations, and writings where the obsolescence of human labor emerges more as an ideological screen than a fact. It focuses on moments in his oeuvre which indicate that human labor, including cognition as automation’s last frontier, is not automated away but persists, changes site, undergoes restructuring, and becomes more hidden. More recent works by the eeefff collective and Elisa Giardina Papa explore the intertwined roles of human affection and vision labor in the necessarily failed attempts to teach machines to see and feel, to “clean” the algorithmic vision and affection from opacity and the queerness of real life. Both artists leave behind Farocki’s self-reflexive, detached spectator to involve the audience in more situated and embodied experiences of perception labor and the particular ways in which such labor has become outsourced and dispersed in semi-peripheries such as Sicily or Belarus. They try to express the price that people pay with their emotions and bodies for such work. Yet, in principle, they follow Farocki’s take on labor’s in/visibility in that they challenge the ruling ideologies that blind human vision to the realities of labor. The essay also pays attention to the ways in which both artistic and technical vision today are pre-determined by the logic of the gig economy.
Milena Cristina Duarte de Almeida, Aliete Cristina Gomes Dias Pedrosa da Cunha Oliveira, Thaísa Góis Farias de Moura Santos Lima
et al.
Introduction: Data about the increase in human trafficking around the world are worrisome. Although there is legislation on the subject, its scope does not cover all forms and victims of trafficking. Thus, many women, children and men remain in a vulnerable situation. Objective: The purpose of this paper was to elucidate and understand, based on the literature, the relationship between human trafficking, health care systems and the increase in sexually transmitted diseases, and also to point out what is being done to combat the problem. Methods: A documentary research was conducted through an integrative review for the period from 2010 to 2020. The literature search was carried out on the basis of the CAPES journals portal using the keywords “human trafficking”, “sexually transmitted diseases”, “health care systems” and “education”. Results: The results obtained indicated that the absence of access to information, health care and education are intrinsic to the process of illegal immigration and the destination of women and children for exploitation, whether sexual, for organ removal or forced labor, and that situations of violence, absence of health care or education and coercion, among others, are common both for the conditions of trafficking and for the conditions of the increase in sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusion: Given the information obtained, it is concluded that more research must be carried out together with the agencies that investigate and apply current laws to determine what are the most effective measures to combat human trafficking. Furthermore, we highlight the need for information on policies and projects that are able to reach vulnerable populations, with the promotion of education, health care and better living conditions.
Zahir Ahmad, Julio C. Postigo, Fazlur Rahman
et al.
Pastoral social-ecological systems worldwide are threatened by environmental, climatic, and socioeconomic changes. The magnitude of these threats and their impacts is higher in mountain social-ecological systems. This study analyzes how mountain pastoralists in Lotkuh Valley (Chitral, Pakistan) use their rangelands in changing social, environmental, and climatic contexts. Data were collected from a survey, focus groups, and observations through multistage stratified sampling and extensive fieldwork (2016–2019). The findings reveal that the strategy adopted by mountain pastoralists combines 7 different grazing mechanisms and stall feeding to use spatially segregated and seasonally productive rangeland resources in a sustainable manner. These seasonal mechanisms involve different types of livestock mobility, diverse fodder consumption, and grazing patterns. In winter, livestock are kept in stalls near the village. During spring, sheep and goats are taken to nearby low-lying pastures and meadows on a rotation basis. In summer, livestock and people move away from the village to settlements along a 3000 m elevational range to graze on the available pastures. Finally, in autumn, as the livestock descend, they browse intensively on stubble fields before the winter crops are planted. Furthermore, this strategy is based on the coordination of households' available labor force and pasture readiness. This study provides nuanced information on mountain pastoralists and rangeland management systems. The findings are useful for policymakers and practitioners in designing effective programs and policies to decrease the vulnerability and enhance the resilience of mountain social-ecological systems.
Emily Denton, Alex Hanna, Razvan Amironesei
et al.
In response to growing concerns of bias, discrimination, and unfairness perpetuated by algorithmic systems, the datasets used to train and evaluate machine learning models have come under increased scrutiny. Many of these examinations have focused on the contents of machine learning datasets, finding glaring underrepresentation of minoritized groups. In contrast, relatively little work has been done to examine the norms, values, and assumptions embedded in these datasets. In this work, we conceptualize machine learning datasets as a type of informational infrastructure, and motivate a genealogy as method in examining the histories and modes of constitution at play in their creation. We present a critical history of ImageNet as an exemplar, utilizing critical discourse analysis of major texts around ImageNet’s creation and impact. We find that assumptions around ImageNet and other large computer vision datasets more generally rely on three themes: the aggregation and accumulation of more data, the computational construction of meaning, and making certain types of data labor invisible. By tracing the discourses that surround this influential benchmark, we contribute to the ongoing development of the standards and norms around data development in machine learning and artificial intelligence research.
Considering that the regulation of the time and the possible economic relevance of the phases of waiting for delivery is a field of discussion still access regarding the work of riders, the Author analyzes, in detail, how the JustEatTakeway supplementary company agreement regulates
the working hours of riders. The Author illustrates the discipline contained in the CCNL Logistica,Trasporto, Merci e Spedizione and in the Protocol signed on July 18, 2018 for the same sector, to which the same company agreement in comment refers.
Up to the third of all businesses operating in the formal economy worldwide are run by women, but most of these enterprises, especially in developing countries and countries with transitional economies, as Ukraine, are micro-enterprises with little potential for growth. Along with traditional indicators of economic growth, the inclusive economic development model takes into account human capital equality, environmentally friendly production, social protection, gender equality as factors of economic system sustainability. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of women's entrepreneurship in economic systems inclusive development. The objectives of the study are generalization of women's in entrepreneurship involvement role in inclusive economic growth; current state of women in various types of economic activity involvement analysis; the possibility of inclusive growth through the women's entrepreneurship development achievement justification. The object of the study is the process of economic systems inclusive growth through women entrepreneurship activity increase. It has been proved that, significant differentiation in women and men wage levels, insufficient number of women in business on management positions remain relevant issues today. The current state of women's entrepreneurship and gender equality aspects under inclusive growth and inclusive development issues was determined. Ukraine population structure and the distribution of managers and individual entrepreneurs by sex within the types of economic activity analysis has been conducted. The mechanism aimed at women's entrepreneurship inclusiveness provision, which includes regulatory, financial credit, organizational and economic, motivational and stereotypical components has been proposed. It has been substantiated, that entrepreneurship contributes to the middle class increase, and thus social and political stability strengthening, including gender problems that exist in the labor market solvation. The system of measures of women's entrepreneurship inclusiveness ensurement mechanism, which will provide an integrated approach, formation has been proposed.
One of the basic conditions of a company’s market activity is good employees. Human capital
is getting more and more important for the existence of an economic entity. The aim of this study is to
analyse and assess the level of payment for work in Poland in the context of the statutory minimum
wage. In this study, the results of the research on the level of payment for human capital in Poland will be
published, on the example of the Małopolskie province. The background of the above considerations, will
be a contemporary theory of measuring human capital and fair remuneration. In order to achieve the aim
of this study, the following methods have been used: survey, descriptive and comparative analysis as well
as an overview of literature sources. The subject matter of the study is relevant in relation to the current
situation in the labour market, which nowadays becomes the market of the employee, rather than of the
employer. It is important for employers to support good employees, and this is primarily guaranteed by
equitable remuneration for work. Proper understanding of human capital as an ability to perform work,
treating work as a transfer of human capital to the premises of performed work, and salary as the payment
for work, is a central assumption of the contemporary human capital theory and fair remuneration.
The rules according to which human capital is paid, are determined by the nature of capital. As already
stated in numerous studies, no one can create capital, nor does the capital itself come from nothing. It has
its sources and it is possible to measure it in cash units. The capital located in a human body is spontaneously
dispersed as a result of work, illness, accidents and other personal events. Remuneration should
balance these losses. The amount of equitable remuneration should be determined using the economic
constant of potential growth (SEPW), the size of which is 8% per year, as evidenced by numerous empirical
studies. The conducted analysis shows that the level of payment for work in Poland is increasing.
However, there is still a lack of consistency with the value of human capital, as evidenced by this study.
Management. Industrial management, Management information systems
Forex is the largest financial market in the world. Estimated daily turnover in April 2013 was approximately $ 5.3 trillion. Forex is distinguished by its features in comparison with other markets and attracts millions of investors around the world. At the same time, it is a very difficult market, and before investing, it is good to get as much knowledge as possible. In this article I will focus on the essence of Forex
and will answer the question of how you can prevent yourself from losing money effectively managing the Forex market risk.
Management. Industrial management, Management information systems