Abstract This article aims to analyse the strategic actions of the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca (CRIC) in defence of ancestral territory in Colombia’s Pacific region, which has experienced an intensification of the armed conflict following the signing of the Peace Agreement between the Government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) in 2016. It is argued that the CRIC, established in the 1970s, acts to protect its communities from forced displacement, preventing their uprooting and thereby ensuring the pervivencia –both physical and cultural – of its peoples. To this end, the following theoretical and methodological steps are undertaken: first, a dialogue is established between the fields of forced migration and resistance studies, through the articulation of the analytical frameworks of crisis migration and non-violent civil resistance; next, primary data collected through a digital platform, alongside secondary data regarding CRIC’s actions in the department of Cauca, are analysed. The outcome is the development of the concept of ‘self-confinement’ as an act of non-violent civil resistance, collectively organised through the political agency of these subjects, as well as the creation of a short comic strip that seeks to articulate the argument above through a different language, in order to contribute to the democratisation of scientific knowledge.
The article is dedicated to reflections on the activities of the prominent Austrian politician, diplomat, and public figure Walter Schwimmer (1942–2025). The author examines in detail his contributions to the development of European integration, the protection of human rights, and the promotion of intercivilizational dialogue. Special attention is given to analyzing Schwimmer's works, his public speeches, and his book «Dreams of Europe», where he advocates for the idea of a large peaceful European home without dividing borders. The article explores Schwimmer's political career, his tenure as Secretary-General of the Council of Europe (1999–2004), as well as his work as Director of the Coordinating Committee of the World Public Forum “Dialogue of Civilizations”. The author reveals Schwimmer's views on contemporary global challenges, including combating terrorism, the rise of populism, threats to democracy, reforming international institutions, and building strategic cooperation between Europe and Russia.
This article explores what it means to ‘animalise’ International Relations (IR). The posthuman move in the social sciences has involved the process of de-centring the human, replacing an anthropocentric focus with a view of the human as embedded within a complex network of inter-species relations. In a previous work we drew attention to the lack of analysis within International Relations of the key role played by more-than human animals in situations of conflict. The current COVID-19 pandemic again indicates that an analysis of international relations that does not have at its core an understanding of a more than human world is always going to be an incomplete account. The paper argues for the animalising of International Relations in order to enhance inclusivity, and suggests five ways in which this might be approached. As it becomes increasingly clear that a climate-related collapse is imminent, we argue for a transformative approach to the discipline, stressing interlinked networks and a shared vulnerability as a political project which challenges capitalism (advanced/late/carboniferous/genocidal) and the failure of states to address the concatenation of crises that life on the planet confronts.
Il XX Congresso nazionale del Partito Comunista Cinese ha posto una notevole enfasi sulla "sinizzazione del Marxismo". Intesa come "integrazione del Marxismo nella realtà specifica della Cina", la "sinizzazione" è stata discussa nella seconda sezione della relazione di Xi Jinping, prima di svelare le priorità economiche, organizzative, sociali e ambientali della Cina per i prossimi cinque anni. Nella storia del Partito Comunista Cinese, tale attenzione alla "sinizzazione del Marxismo" ha un solo precedente simile, risalente al 1938. Il presente articolo considera la "sinizzazione del Marxismo" come un elemento chiave all'interno dell'ontologia dei concetti politici su cui si basa il sistema di governo interno cinese. Questa mossa metodologica consente di ripercorrere le fasi chiave della creazione, della scomparsa e della rinascita della "sinizzazione" e di valutare il ruolo che essa svolge oggi nella governance interna ed estera della Cina. La "sinizzazione del Marxismo" non ha l'obiettivo di distribuire o ridistribuire risorse o opportunità. Né questo concetto è stato ripreso per regolare o modificare il comportamento di individui, entità economiche e istituzioni. Le questioni in gioco, alla base del processo di "sinizzazione", operano al livello più alto della politica. Riguardano la messa a punto del rapporto tra il governo e la società cinese e il riassetto dei legami tra la Cina e i suoi partner internazionali. La "sinizzazione del Marxismo" stabilisce la cornice principale all'interno della quale la politica interna ed estera può essere negoziata e definita e cerca di modellare gli spazi in cui tali processi di negoziazione possono avvenire.
Majid Zamiri, João Sarraipa, Luis M. Camarinha-Matos
et al.
Mass collaboration can bring about major transformative changes in the way people can work collectively. This emerging paradigm promises significant economic and social benefits and enhanced efficiency across a range of sectors, including learning and education. Accordingly, this article introduces, demonstrates in use, and evaluates an organizational and governance model designed to provide guidance and execution support for the implementation and operation of mass collaborative learning initiatives. The design science research process is adopted to guide the design and development of the proposed model. The model stands on three streams of work, addressing key aspects and elements that have a supporting influence on community learning: (i) identify the positive and negative factors in existing and active examples of mass collaboration; (ii) adopt contributions of collaborative networks in terms of structural and behavioral aspects; and (iii) establish adequate learning assessment indicators and metrics. The model is used for a case study in which vocational education and training meet the needs of collaborative education–enterprise approaches. Initially, the validation of the model is verified by the partners and stakeholders of a particular project in the area of education–enterprises relations to ensure that it is sufficiently appropriate for applications in a digital platform developed by such projects. The three first steps of (the proposed) applicability evaluation (adequacy, feasibility, and effectiveness) are then performed. The positive results gained from model validation and its applicability evaluation in this project indicate that not only is the model fairly adequate, feasible, and effective for applications in the developed digital platform but also that it has a high potential for utilization in supporting and directing the creation, implementation, and operation of mass collaborative learning initiatives. Although the validation was carried out in the context of a single project, in fact, it was based on a large “focus group” of experts involved in this international initiative, which is in accordance with the Design Science Research method. Thus, this article reflects a kind of applied research of a socio-technical nature, aiming to find guidelines and practical solutions to the specific issues, problems, and concerns of mass collaborative learning initiatives.
Information can be recorded in the quantum state and are transmitted via the physical channel. The theory of quantum coding and information theory quantum computing related. In any information system ( classical or quantum) will always contain errors, as there won’t be a complete
Since the founding of the Heydar Aliyev Foundation in 2004, this institution has been actively involved in large-scale international cultural relations. The purpose of creating this fund was to preserve and popularize the legacy of the national leader of the Azerbaijani people, Heydar Aliyev, to convey the truth about Azerbaijan to the world community, and to familiarize with its history, culture, and spiritual values. The purpose of this article is to determine the stages of formation and development of the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, to analyze the directions of its multi-vector activity and to justify the role of the Foundation in forming a positive image of independent Azerbaijan. Along with general logical methods, the methods of political monitoring, content analysis, historical and comparative analysis are used, which make it possible to highlight the complex of activities carried out by the Fund and to forecast the trends of its further activity. Since the foundation of the Foundation, important projects have been developed and successfully implemented to protect the welfare of the Azerbaijani people, protect their national heritage and moral values. The Heydar Aliyev Foundation, paying special attention to the expansion of cooperation with Islamic countries in the field of science and culture, ensured the achievement of the highest level of development of relations between Azerbaijan and the Islamic Organization for Education, Science and Culture. The Heydar Aliyev Foundation paid serious attention to the expansion of cooperation within the framework of the UN, which resulted in the adoption of the Program on creating conditions for the use of information and communication technologies by people with visual impairments. According to the results of the research, it was established that the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, in cooperation with the government, parliament and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, plays the role of one of the effective means of implementing the foreign policy, social, humanitarian, political, economic and cultural strategy of Azerbaijan. The Foundation was able to form a positive image of Azerbaijan on an international scale, establishing constructive cooperation in all spheres, both with individual states and with influential international and regional organizations.
Sociology (General), Economic history and conditions
Research background: This article focuses on the official Czech international development (ID) aid and the factors affecting the project success in terms of cost and time variance from the plan. As per research by Ahsan and Gunawan (2010), ID projects by Asian Development Bank are finalised within their budget, however, with delays, and the result depends on the developing country. Previous article written by the author confirmed the findings also for the Czech development aid and established that cost variance is affected by the type of implementing agencies, whereas time variance depends on the developing countries.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to further analyse ID projects by the Czech Development Agency and evaluate the influence of sector topics, budget size and type of financing on the time and budget management of Czech ID projects to determine what parameters could improve the efficiency of Czech ID projects.
Methods: Information on all official projects conducted from 2016 to 2019 used in this article are non-public and have been received directly from the Czech Development Agency. They are first summarised in a descriptive statistics part and then analysed by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test.
Findings & Value added: The results show that budget size, financing type and sector topics influence the cost variance, with smaller projects financed as public procurement achieving bigger savings. For time variance, there are significant differences only between different categories of the sector topics with projects focused on the environment leading to the biggest delays.
The article analyzes the cooperation of UN structures with religious non-governmental organizations, as well as with faith-based communities. The authors consider diff erent levels of the infl uence of the religious factor on the UN activity, and also articulate new directions of its development, outlined during the COVID-19 period. The authors focus on the latent semantic and structural confl ict nature of the global agenda, which is formulated by elites who recognize the “benefi ts” of religious institutions and seek to use the possibilities of religious networks, on the one hand. On the other hand, they point to internal disagreements characteristic of national religious communities, which, as a result of their participation in international dialogue, bring additional tension both to global discussions and to the internal processes of their countries. Global health, which has become an important part of international relations, puts on the agenda the search for a new ethic of global dialogue, of which religious values and religious actors are becoming a part. In the COVID-19 pandemic, trends have emerged that have made the role of religion more visible in the current global health and bioethics agenda. First of all, in connection with the threats of a global pandemic, the need to create new forms of global health management and response to epidemic threats, as well as the organization of a system of “assistance” to developing countries in the fi eld of public health.
This article reflects on the role that technological change has played in the last century on international relations. It makes two main points. First, the relationship is reciprocal; while technological change has undeniable effects on international relations, the changing nature of world politics also affects the pace of technological change. Second, any technological change is also an exercise in economic redistribution and societal disruption. It creates new winners and losers, alters actor preferences, and allows the strategic construction of new norms and organizations. The nature of the technology itself, and the extent to which the public sector drives the innovation, generates differential effects on international relations. To demonstrate these arguments, special emphasis is placed on two important innovations of the last century for international relations: nuclear weapons and the Internet.
At the root of inequality, unemployment, and populism are radical changes
in the world economy. Digital technology is allowing talented foreigners to
telecommute into our workplaces and compete for service and professional
jobs. Instant machine translation is melting language barriers, so the ranks
of these "tele-migrants" will soon include almost every educated person in
the world. Computing power is dissolving humans' monopoly on thinking,
enabling AI-trained computers to compete for many of the same white-collar jobs. The combination of globalization and robotics is creating the
globotics upheaval, and it threatens the very foundations of the liberal
welfare-state.
Richard Baldwin, one of the world's leading globalization experts, argues
that the inhuman speed of this transformation threatens to overwhelm our
capacity to adapt. From computers in the office to automatic ordering
systems in restaurants, we are familiar with the how digital technologies
offer convenience while also eliminating jobs. Globotics will disrupt the lives
of millions of white-collar workers much faster than automation,
industrialization, and globalization disrupted the lives of factory workers in
previous centuries. The result will be a backlash. Professional, white-collar,
and service workers will agitate for a slowing of the unprecedented pace of
disruption, as factory workers have done in years past.
Baldwin argues that the globotics upheaval will be countered in the short
run by "shelter-ism" - government policies that shelter some service jobs
from tele-migrants and thinking computers. In the long run, people will
work in more human jobs-activities that require real people to use the
uniquely human ability of independent thought-and this will strengthen
bonds in local communities. Offering effective strategies such as focusing
on the social value of work, The Globotics Upheaval will help people prepare
for the oncoming wave of an advanced robotic workforce.
Institutional trust is in decline in many western democracies. Since the 2008 global economic and financial crisis, this increasing distrust has been closely related to trust in political institutions. Trust in institutions is one of the pillars of democracy, and its decline is one of the most evident and shared symptoms of the recession, especially in those contexts where it has been particularly acute. This article has both substantive and methodological aims. From a substantive point of view, it deals with trust in political institutions in Europe, and its decline during the recession. Differences are found among European countries, depending on the severity of the economic crisis. From a methodological point of view, the article compares two methodologies for cross-cultural analyses: the more traditional Multiple-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and the newer Alignment method. Recommendations for the use of the newer method in certain circumstances are provided.
O presente artigo tem como propósito oferecer um panorama geral da cooperação bilateral para o desenvolvimento entre a União Europeia (UE) e o Brasil, abarcando os dois últimos períodos orçamentários: 2002 – 2006; 2007 – 2013, bem como o novo período de 2014 a 2020, incluindo as linhas temáticas. Nota-se que, a partir deste último período, o Brasil deixa de usufruir de financiamento para a cooperação bilateral, no âmbito do Instrumento da Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento, uma vez que passou a ser considerado pela UE como país graduado. Nesse novo contexto, o Brasil se beneficia de um novo instrumento de cooperação, o Instrumento de Parceria, dando, contudo, continuidade a execução de outros programas de cooperação, como as linhas temáticas, por exemplo. O artigo, de caráter descritivo e analítico, tem como principal marco conceitual a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, fazendo uso de documentos oficiais e artigos acadêmicos na área, bem como de entrevista realizada com representante da Delegação da UE no Brasil.