Ely Mulyati, Anggi Purnama Sari Dewi, Andrian Noviandry
et al.
This community service activity aims to empower the community in innovative and sustainable plastic waste management. The program is implemented through three main activities, namely socialization of plastic waste management and circular economy, training in making triangular bricks from plastic waste, and creating social media accounts to market Bank Sampah products. The brick-making process involves shredding plastic using a shredder, conducting a sieve analysis to ensure uniform particle size, then mixing it with sand and cement before molding it into a triangular shape. From the initial stage of production, 300 triangular bricks were successfully produced with lightweight and strong characteristics. Through this activity, the community not only gained technical skills but also digital promotion skills to expand their market reach. This program demonstrates that collaboration between universities and the community can yield concrete solutions for plastic waste management while supporting the implementation of a circular economy and sustainable development.
VÍTOR OLIVEIRAISUF, Urban Morphology and Human SettlementsSpringer, Cham (Suiza), 2024, 274 pp. Tapa blanda y tapa dura. 145 €Idioma: inglésHARDCOVER ISBN: 978-3-031-58135-9SOFTCOVER ISBN: 978-3-031-58138-0
Community food systems, exemplified by initiatives like community grain banks (CGBs), play a crucial role in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2), which aims to achieve zero hunger and ensure food security by 2030. This paper draws upon a systematic review of the literature on CGBs to emphasize the relevance of community institutions in enhancing local food security. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, this paper reviews 16 academic articles, two theses, and 19 online sources. The study reveals that CGBs offer immediate relief during food shortages, empower women, stabilize farmers’ income, reduce debt burdens, foster social trust, and enhance community resilience. This review highlights the need for international stakeholders to prioritize supporting CGBs to preserve the self-sustaining systems. Tailoring CGB designs to community-specific needs could significantly enhance local food security, offering actionable strategies to mitigate severe food insecurity globally and regionally.
Posisi website sekolah merupakan hal yang vital tidak hanya untuk kepentingan publikasi kegiatan, melainkan juga sebagai sarana promosi khususnya bagi sekolah swasta yang pendanaan utamanya diperoleh dari siswa. Dalam konteks SMKS Al Ittihad Cianjur, website sekolah nampaknya belum optimal dilirik sebagai aset kehumasan yang penting bagi sekolah. Solusi untuk permasalahan yang diajukan penulis adalah pelatihan keterampilan jurnalistik daya bagi siswa dan mengaktifkan kembali website sekolah untuk sarana publikasi dan promosi. Kegiatan pelatihan ini dikemas dalam bentuk workshop meliputi presentasi materi dasar dan pengerjaan praktik lapangan. Pelatihan ini berperan mengukuhkan fondasi keterampilan jurnalistik siswa. Dengan skema ini, diharapkan para peserta dapat terus menumbuhkembangkan keterampilan menulis yang telah ia miliki, dan sekolah memiliki lebih banyak sumber daya manusia yang dapat diaktivasi untuk mengaktivasi web sekolah dan meningkatkan kredibilitas sekolah di mata publik.
The food landscape of Calgary, Canada, is sown with an abundance of polycultures. Alongside place-specific Indigenous foodways are food rescue, banking, and hamper programs, food studies scholars, a City of Calgary food resilience plan, and a growing number of alternative food network producers. Within the local alternative food network, there has been a boom in advancing indoor growing for our colder climate, including container, aquaponic, vertical hydroponic, and greenhouse growing. Situated as an agrarian ethnographer and an urban regenerative farmer, we seek to highlight the viability of agricultural techniques that are in relation with the land to grow more socially and ecologically sustainable food and farm systems in and around Calgary. From this position, we formed a collaboration between the University of Calgary, Root and Regenerate Urban Farms, and the Young Agrarians to document the cultivation process for a production urban farm. Over the course of one growing season—May to September, 2021—we harvested approximately 7,000 lbs (3,175 kg) of produce across nine urban spaces totaling 0.26 acres. The 48 vegetable varieties were distributed to 35 community supported agriculture shareholders, weekly farmers market customers, restaurant chefs, and members of the YYC Growers and Distributors cooperative. Moreover, we donated 765 lbs (347 kg) of surplus produce to the Calgary Community Fridge, Calgary Food Bank, and the Alex Community Food Centre, which work to mitigate food insecurity. Through a reflexive practitioner approach, our reflective essay discusses the benefits and limitations of Small Plot Intensive Farming methods and urban land-sharing strategies, as well as the viability of land-based urban agriculture in a rapidly changing socio-ecological climate. Our paper also demonstrates the potential for transcending siloed approaches to knowledge-making vis-à-vis experiential learning partnerships between graduate student researchers, farmers, and agricultural organizations.
First paragraphs:
Candan Turkkan’s Feeding Istanbul: The Political Economy of Urban Provisioning begins with an intimate anecdote about her grandmother’s experiences of hunger during the Second World War and the centrality of bread in her family. She reflects on the fragility of food systems that belie appearances of food abundance in urban areas and the lasting psychological impacts of hunger. This personal story introduces the focus of the book: the political economies of urban food provisioning in Istanbul.
Feeding Istanbul chronologically discusses food provisioning in Istanbul from the 16th century to the present. Turkkan uses an impressive range of sources, including secondary historical materials, archival documents and collections, and ethnographic research, to suggest that Istanbul has experienced three food regimes, each with unique relationships between the central authority, economics, and food supplies. . . .
تسعى الدولة الي حوکمة العمران في مصر وذلک من خلال إصدار العديد من القوانين والتشريعات التخطيطية لرفع کفاءة التجمعات العمرانية، وتعتبر التعديلات المقترح تنفيذها على بنود قانون البناء الموحد من أهم التشريعات القانونية محل الدراسة في وقتنا الحالي.
تتناول الدراسة تحليل وتقييم الأثر البيئي جراء تطبيق التعديلات المقترحة على متوسط الطاقة المستهلکة بالوحدات السکنية سواء بالسلب أو الإيجاب، مع ذکر خاص لمدى توافق تلک التعديلات مع التوصيات المقترحة بأکواد البناء المصري المعنية بالنواحي البيئية للمباني السکنية، بالاضافة الي بعض التعديلات المقترحة والتي يوصي البحث بضرورة ضمها الي قانون البناء الموحد.
منهجية البحث: يتبع البحث المنهج الاستقرائي من خلال دراسة القوانين والمعايير الحاکمة لتصميم الوحدات السکنية والتي تشمل قانون البناء الموحد رقم 119 لسنة 2008 والضوابط والاشتراطات التخطيطية والبنائية للمدن المصرية 2020, والکود المصري لتحسين کفاءة استخدام الطاقة في المباني, بالاضافة الي الکود المصري للتهوية في المباني.
ثم المنهج التطبقي وذلک من خلال اقتراح النموذج السکني للدراسة التطبيقية واستخدام برامج المحاکاة البيئية (designbuilder and energy plus) لقياس تاثير المتغيرات التصميمية المقترحة (ارتفاع المبنى والمسافات البينية بين المباني المتقابلة, والبروزات الخارجية, وطبقات الغلاف الخارجي المصمت, وأبعاد ونسب الفتحات الخارجية, والمناور السکنية الداخلية) علي استهلاک الطاقة بالمبني السکني.
هذا وتشير نتائج الدراسة البحثية إلى أن تعديلات قانون البناء الموحد بمنظومة الاشتراطات الجديده2020 ذات تأثير ايجابي في زيادة الوفر في الطاقة المستهلکة للوحدات السکنية عن مثيلاتها في حال تطبيق قانون البناء الموحد لمقدار التوفير في الطاقة المستهلکة بمعدل 4% للمناور السکنية وبنسبة تتراوح ما بين 14 : 17% للبروزات ومن 12 : 16% لتأثير عرض الطريق وعلاقته بارتفاع المبني.
Egypt seeks to govern urbanization by issuing many planning laws to increase the efficiency of urban communities. The proposed amendments to the Building Law are considered one of the most important legal studies during these days.
The research focuses on analyzing and evaluating the environmental impact of applying amendments on the average energy consumption in residential buildings, whether negatively or positively. In addition to some proposed amendments, which the research recommends be included in the amendments.
Research Methodology depends on the inductive approach by studying the laws for the housing unit’s design, which include the Building Law No. 119 of 2008, the planning and building requirements for Egyptian cities 2020, the Egyptian Code for Energy in Buildings, and the Egyptian code for ventilation in buildings.
The second part depends on the applied approach by proposing the residential model for the applied study and using the environmental simulation programs (design builder and energy plus) to measure the effectiveness of the proposed design variables (building height, distances between opposite buildings, external shades, components of the building's external envelope, openings and courtyard) on the energy consumption of the residential building.
The results of the study indicate that the modification of the building law with the new requirements (2020) has a positive effect on the building's energy saving compared to the case of applying the building law. The modifications achieve 4% in energy savings for the courtyard, 14:17 % for the cantilevers, and 12:16 % for the relationship between road width and the building height.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
South Florida has been among the top foreclosure markets in the United States, but little research has explored whether this market presents different dynamics compared to other metropolitan areas. This research chooses Broward County to explore whether socioeconomic characteristics and certain public policy instruments relate to subprime lending and mortgage foreclosure patterns. Results indicate areas bounded by linear highways and railroads have a concentration of low-income black population and subprime loans. The spatial distribution of subprime loans is mostly explained by a higher percentage of minority and/or Hispanic population in a neighborhood. Yet, racial minorities, instead of Hispanic origin, contributes mostly to the concentration of subprime loans. The spatial pattern of foreclosures is more complex, determined not only by subprime loans but also possibly other factors associated with the mortgage crisis. This suggests that disadvantaged neighborhoods are disproportionally lacking favorable opportunities due to institutional and sub- cultural forces shaping the geography of subprime and foreclosure.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Giripurno Village is one of the villages that has the largest corn agricultural commodity in Batu City. The abundance of corn harvests makes prices unstable. In addition, most farmers sell their corn harvest in the form of corn kernels, so it is not optimal in processing corn cobs, husks, and silk. Most of the people belong to the low economy. The community service program aims to provide ideas through assistance to the Family Welfare Empowerment Group (PKK) to process corn silk waste into drinks that have economic potential for the community. The assistance method used is in the form of training in making drinks, packaging, and selling. The evaluation was carried out to determine the improvement of skills in making corn silk juice drinks. This assistance program was attended by 15 participants. The results of the assistance showed that PKK women had understood how to process corn silk. This is evidenced by the fact that sales have reached 468 products sold in several cities, especially East Java. Hence, it is concluded that the assistance of this corn silk drink, can improve the welfare of the local community.
The aim of this research is to study regional differences and regional cohesion in Bulgaria in accordance with “Europe 2020” Strategy. On the basis of analyses and comparisons of selected individual indicators, the existing significant differences in the regional development of the 6 NUTS 2 regions in the country are shown. The paper presents also the goals of regional cohesion according to the National Regional Development Strategy 2012-2022, prepared in order to integrate the goals of “Europe 2020” Strategy and the National Development Programme Bulgaria 2020.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
The central tenet of European farmland ecology is that agricultural intensification during the 20th century was largely responsible for dramatic declines in species abundances. However, during this time, human rural settlements were also undergoing radical changes through modernization, with undocumented biodiversity impacts in this important wildlife habitat. We performed the first ever large‐scale study to disentangle the impact of these simultaneous processes on farmland bird diversity in 104 Polish villages. We show that modernized villages and their surrounding agricultural fields had 50–60% fewer birds than those in and around comparable older villages. The relative contribution of modernization versus agricultural intensification to predicted bird declines was 88% versus 12% for bird communities in villages and 56% versus 44% in surrounding croplands, with considerable variation among ecological species subgroups. These results challenge our current understanding of agricultural ecosystem ecology and how best to implement conservation measures costing billions of euros annually.
Abstract Making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable is one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This goal is particularly important in global cities where public places are shared with diverse communities. The successful design of shared, sustainable, and comfortable public places is, therefore, key to an inclusive and resilient urban future. Thermal comfort levels have proven to be a pre-requisite to the successful usage of public places, given their significant effect on their users' experience. However, in global multicultural cities, providing thermally comfortable public places is challenged by the diversity of their users. This paper aims to identify the effect of cultural diversity and climatic background of urban places' users on both their thermal perceptions and comfort levels. Field measurements were conducted in parallel to structured questionnaire and observations to interlink the empirical micrometeorological data with the subjective human assessments. The field empirical measurements took place during summer and winter alongside a total of 2123 valid questionnaires and observations at two selected case studies in Melbourne, Australia. Statistically significant variations in thermal sensation votes and thermal adaptation factors were found to be related to the users' cultural and climatic backgrounds. These findings showed the effect of the users’ cultural and climatic background on their thermal sensation votes, and, thus that it is crucial for these parameters to be taken into consideration while designing urban places within multicultural communities.
Former ranges of wild animals have been reestablished in many developed countries. However, this reestablishment has led to increasing human–wildlife conflict in agroforest ecosystems. In Japan, human–wildlife conflict, such as crop raiding by and ecological impacts of wild ungulates and primates, is a serious problem in depopulated rural areas due to these animal range expansions and increased abundances. Japan's human population is predicted to decline by 24% by 2050, and approximately 20% of agricultural settlements will become completely depopulated. In this scenario, anthropogenic pressures on wildlife (e.g., hunting and habitat alteration) will continue to decrease and human–wildlife conflict will increase due to increasing wildlife recovery. Japan's local governments plan to slow range recovery, prevent species reestablishment, or remove recolonizing large mammals through lethal control. This strategy, however, is not cost‐effective, and workforce shortages in depopulated communities make it infeasible. Moreover, the suppression of wildlife prevents the recovery of ecological functions and thus would degrade regional biodiversity. The declining pressure on wildlife that accompanies human depopulation will prevent the restoration of any past states of human–wildlife interaction. We suggest human‐used areas in rural landscapes be aggregated in compact cities and that in transition zones between human settlements and depopulated lands that land‐sharing approaches be applied. Concentrating management efforts in compact cities may effectively decrease human–wildlife conflict, rather than intensifying human pressures. Reforestation of depopulated lands may lead to recovery of wildlife habitats, their ecosystem functions, and regional biodiversity due to minimization of negative anthropogenic effects (land‐sparing approach). Balancing resolution of human–wildlife conflict and ecological rewilding could become a new, challenging task for regional wildlife managers.
First paragraphs:
Local is Our Future was published shortly before the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, yet it makes a timely contribution critiquing economic globalization given the experiences of 2020. It emphasizes the need for shorter supply chains and champions local food systems by focusing on the structural forces that currently control the food system.
In the first three chapters, Norberg-Hodge explains and details the costs of economic globalization, which provides an adept introduction to understanding the structural impacts of financial deregulation on health, food security, environmental consequences, and growing inequality. The fourth chapter covers a topic that might seem unlikely to be included in a book on local futures, as it describes the rise of extremism, yet this is a crucial analysis for current events. This book was published before the Black Lives Matter demonstrations that occurred around the world in summer 2020; however, it provides a contextual backdrop for how the globalized financial system promotes economic insecurity that can lead to the adoption of a false narrative by the far right, as observed by the backlash to BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) communities demonstrating the need for increased equality. . . .
Fernando Antonio Rosete Vergés, Claudia Escalera-Matamoros, Bárbara Ayala-Orozco
et al.
El presente trabajo busca identificar elementos y características para el establecimiento de estrategias de colaboración interinstitucional e intersectorial a partir del análisis de dos estudios de caso de conservación de la biodiversidad: el Coinbio y el Corredor Biológico Mesoamericano. En ambos casos, resalta la importancia de la adopción local y la implementación transversal, además de que comparten la participación de las comunidades locales y su incorporación a los espacios formales de toma de decisiones, aportando propuestas para resolver problemas ambientales y para el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas relacionadas con el desarrollo regional comunitario, a partir de la colaboración.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
This article maps the changing global conversation on virtual currencies (VCs) internationally And brings that to bear on the development of a suitable regulatory framework for VCs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Through a review of recent international developments, the article notes a reversal in regulatory attitude towards VCs. This review suggests two emerging horizons of regulatory intervention. The first concerns the public issue of VCs to develop financial traceability and economic transparency – an arrangement that would be particularly relevant for developing countries with large informal economies. In particular, public VC issue raises follow-up questions of technological adequacy and the legal status of a means of payment guaranteed by the State. The second concerns privately issued VCs traded on independent platforms and focuses on the trade off between economic development, through a private market for VCs, and the risks connected to money laundering and the financing of terrorism. Here, a two-pronged system of ex ante licensing to private venture capitalists, coupled with ex post-sanctions, appears to be an emerging international standard for supporting economic development in countries marked by the preponderant weight of an underground economy.
Economic growth, development, planning, Human settlements. Communities
With rapid urbanization, retrieving livability information of human settlements in time is essential for urban planning and governance. However, livability assessments are often limited by data availability and data update cycle, and this problem is more serious when making an assessment at finer spatial scales (e.g., community level). Here we aim to develop a reliable and dynamic model for community-level livability assessment taking Linyi city in Shandong Province, China as a case study. First, we constructed a hierarchical index system for livability assessment, and derived data for each index and community from remotely sensed data or Internet-based geospatial data. Next, we calculated the livability scores for all communities and assessed their uncertainties using Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that the mean livability score of all communities was 59. The old urban and newly developed districts of our study area had the best livability, and got a livability score of 62 and 58 respectively, while industrial districts had the poorest conditions with an average livability score of 48. Results by dimension showed that the old urban district had better conditions of living amenity and travel convenience, but poorer conditions of environmental health and comfort. The newly developed districts were the opposite. We conclude that our model is effective and extendible for rapidly assessing community-level livability, which provides detailed and useful information of human settlements for sustainable urban planning and governance.
Abstract Wildness is not only a quality associated with remote landscapes; it may be perceived to differing degrees in greenspaces in and around settlements. While place attachment in relation to rural wild land settings has been widely studied and wildness (or its analogue naturalness) appears to be a central dimension of sense of place and landscape preferences, little is known about the role of perceived wildness in attachment to the everyday green/blue environments that serve as important resources for local communities. At the same time, it remains unclear how perceptions of wildness in such places are constituted with respect to different forms of human influence. These issues were explored through a questionnaire survey of residents (N = 248) living in three study areas located along an urban-rural transect in North-East Scotland. Results indicated that different types of perceived human intervention (perceived levels of design and management) contributed differently to perceived wildness. Perceived design was inversely related to wildness, whilst also moderating the effect of perceived management on wildness. Place attachment was positively associated with perceived wildness, an effect which was not moderated by factors relating to individuals’ relationship with the natural world as a whole.