Hasil untuk "History of Germany"

Roland Stucki, S. Homer

Alfred D. Chandler

Chamila Gamage

This paper frames calculus as a global, centuries-long development rather than a subject that began only with Newton and Leibniz. Drawing on ideas from Greek, Indian, Islamic, and later European mathematics, it highlights how concepts like infinity, area, motion, and continuous change slowly evolved through solving problems and cultural exchange. I argue that bringing this history into the classroom helps students see calculus as more than a set of procedures: it becomes a story of human creativity and persistence. By revisiting the questions early mathematicians struggled with, students can better appreciate and better understand the core ideas behind the formulas they use today.

Arthur D. Adams, Yifan Zhou, Gabriel-Dominique Marleau et al.

We present JWST NIRSpec/PRISM integral field unit time-resolved observations of 2M1207 A and b (TWA 27), an ∼10 Myr binary system consisting of an ∼2500 K substellar primary hosting an ∼1300 K companion. Our data provide 20 time-resolved spectra over an observation spanning 12.56 hr. We provide an empirical characterization for the spectra of both objects across time. For 2M1207 A, nonlinear trend models are statistically favored within the ranges 0.6–2.3 μ m and 3.8–5.3 μ m. However, most of the periods constrained from sinusoidal models exceed the observing window, setting a lower limit of 12.56 hr. We find the data at H α and beyond 4.35 μ m show a moderate time correlation, as well as a pair of light curves at 0.73–0.80 μ m and 3.36–3.38 μ m. For 2M1207 b, light curves integrated across 0.86–1.77 μ m and 3.29–4.34 μ m support linear trend models. Following the interpretation of Z. Zhang et al., we model the 2M1207 b data with two 1D atmospheric components, both with silicate and iron condensates. The model of time variability due to changes in the cloud filling factor shows broad consistency with the variability amplitudes derived from our data. Our amplitudes, however, disagree with the models at ≈0.86–1 μ m. While an additional model component such as rainout chemistry may be considered here, our analysis is limited by low signal-to-noise ratio. Our results demonstrate the capability of JWST to simultaneously monitor the spectral variability of a planetary-mass companion and host at low contrast.

Lindsey A. Kwok, Mridweeka Singh, Saurabh W. Jha et al.

We present panchromatic optical + near-infrared (NIR) + mid-infrared (MIR) observations of the intermediate-luminosity Type Iax supernova (SN Iax) 2024pxl and the extremely low-luminosity SN Iax 2024vjm. JWST observations provide unprecedented MIR spectroscopy of SN Iax, spanning from +11 to +42 day past maximum light. We detect forbidden emission lines in the MIR at these early times while the optical and NIR are dominated by permitted lines with an absorption component. Panchromatic spectra at early times can thus simultaneously show nebular and photospheric lines, probing both inner and outer layers of the ejecta. We identify spectral lines not seen before in SN Iax, including [Mg ii ] 4.76 μ m, [Mg ii ] 9.71 μ m, [Ne ii ] 12.81 μ m, and isolated O i 2.76 μ m that traces unburned material. Forbidden emission lines of all species are centrally peaked with similar kinematic distributions, indicating that the ejecta are well mixed in both SN 2024pxl and SN 2024vjm, a hallmark of pure deflagration explosion models. Radiative transfer modeling of SN 2024pxl shows good agreement with a weak deflagration of a near-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf, but additional IR flux is needed to match the observations, potentially attributable to a surviving remnant. Similarly, we find SN 2024vjm is also best explained by a weak deflagration model, despite the large difference in luminosity between the two supernovae. Future modeling should push to even weaker explosions and include the contribution of a bound remnant. Our observations demonstrate the diagnostic power of panchromatic spectroscopy for unveiling explosion physics in thermonuclear supernovae.

Chad Hill, Marco Madella, Nicki J. Whitehouse et al.

Anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) models, commonly used for climate modeling, tend to utilize relatively simplistic models of human interaction with the environment. They have historically relied on unsophisticated assumptions about the temporal and spatial variability of the area needed to support one person: per capita land use (PCLU). To help refine ALCC models, we used a range of data sources to build a new database that attempts to bring together PCLU data with significant time depth and a global perspective. This new database can provide new nuance for our understanding of the variability in land use among and between time periods and regions, data that will have wide applicability for continued research into past human land use and present land-use change, and can hopefully help improve existing ALCC models. An example is provided, showing the potential impact of new PCLU data on land-use mapping in the Middle East at 6000 BP.

Christopher M. Graney

This paper provides an overview of recent historical research regarding scientifically-informed challenges to the idea that the stars are other suns orbited by other inhabited earths -- an idea that came to be known as "the Plurality of Worlds". Johannes Kepler in the seventeenth century, Jacques Cassini in the eighteenth, and William Whewell in the nineteenth each argued against "pluralism" based on what in their respective times was solid science. Nevertheless, pluralism remained popular despite these and other scientific challenges. This history will be of interest to the astronomical community so that it is better positioned to avoid difficulties should the historical trajectory of pluralism continue, especially as it persists in the popular imagination.

M. Pfenninger, D. Posada

J. Teugels

T. Wrona, T. Wrona, T. Wrona et al.

<p>Understanding where normal faults are located is critical for an accurate assessment of seismic hazard; the successful exploration for, and production of, natural (including low-carbon) resources; and the safe subsurface storage of CO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>. Our current knowledge of normal fault systems is largely derived from seismic reflection data imaging, intracontinental rifts and continental margins. However, exploitation of these data sets is limited by interpretation biases, data coverage and resolution, restricting our understanding of fault systems. Applying supervised deep learning to one of the largest offshore 3-D seismic reflection data sets from the northern North Sea allows us to image the complexity of the rift-related fault system. The derived fault score volume allows us to extract almost 8000 individual normal faults of different geometries, which together form an intricate network characterised by a multitude of splays, junctions and intersections. Combining tools from deep learning, computer vision and network analysis allows us to map and analyse the fault system in great detail and in a fraction of the time required by conventional seismic interpretation methods. As such, this study shows how we can efficiently identify and analyse fault systems in increasingly large 3-D seismic data sets.</p>

Yaela N. Golumbic, Marius Oesterheld

Introduction: Attracting and recruiting volunteers is a key aspect of managing a citizen science initiative. Science communication plays a central role in this process. In this context, project descriptions are of particular importance, as they are very often, the first point of contact between a project and prospective participants. As such, they need to be reader-friendly, accessible, spark interest, contain practical information, and motivate readers to join the project.Methods: This study examines citizen science project descriptions as science communication texts. We conducted a thorough review and analysis of a random sample of 120 English-language project descriptions to investigate the quality and comprehensiveness of citizen science project descriptions and the extent to which they contain information relevant to prospect participants.Results: Our findings reveal information deficiencies and challenges relating to clarity and accessibility. While goals and expected outcomes were frequently addressed, practical matters and aspects related to volunteer and community management were much less well-represented.Discussion: This study contributes to a deeper understanding of citizen science communication methods and provides valuable insights and recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness and impact of citizen science.

Hanif Amin Beidokhti

Although Plato has always been revered throughout the history of philosophy, the general trend of philosophy up to the modern era was Aristotelian. Even the Neoplatonists, with the exception of Plotinus, wrote more or less in the Aristotelian style and in form of Aristotelian commentaries. Philosophers knew very little about the authentic or historical Plato; Not only because Plato's writings were transmitted by the Neoplatonists, but also because Plato was understood in a Neoplatonic way. Ficino was the first to try to revive Plato during the Renaissance. However, his efforts did not result in an interpretive change. The real revival of Plato took place in the eighteenth century and in Germany. This revival is understudied in Persian. Though Schleiermacher is known for being one of Plato’s translators, it is not known what happened to Plato from Ficino to Schleiermacher. There is even scarce knowledge about Schleiermacher’s role in Plato scholarship and the process which led to Schleiermacher’s Plato. This article deals with the subject of Plato scholarship up to the emergence of the Romantic Plato. Departing from the conviction that novel philosophical ideas are not born ex nihilo, we will examine the early stages of Plato scholarship in order to recognize the figures whose legacy became the cornerstone of modern Plato scholarship. Thus, we examine the Plato scholarship of Ficino, Brucker, Tiedemann and Tennemann, and try to find out what distinguishes the modern or early modern interpretations from the traditional Plato and what are the grounding canons of modern Plato scholarship.

D. Pritchard, M. Griffo, M. Attenni et al.

<p>Modern terrestrial laser scanners and photogrammetric imaging systems can provide highly accurate and objective as-built records of existing architectural, engineering, and industrial sites. This comprehensive digital recording benefits culturally significant places like heritage buildings, monuments, and other vital structures. The collected data can be instrumental in various ways, including aiding in conservation, management, monitoring and repair efforts and serving as an educational resource for scholars and the general public. These technical capabilities are especially well-suited for architecturally complex, ornate buildings like the Aachen Cathedral UNESCO World Heritage site. This paper describes the recent recording efforts at the Aachen Cathedral and is a comparative study of the previous documentation work done at the Cologne Cathedral.</p><p>The 3D documentation of the Aachen Cathedral UNESCO World Heritage Site is an ongoing collaborative project between the Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, and in partnership with RWTH Aachen University, and the Dombauhütte Aachen.</p>

Nicole Berbuir, M. Lewandowsky, J. Siri

Sara Mariyum, Nazma saleem, Amjad Iqbal et al.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetics in terms of Papillary bleeding index (PBI) of periodontal disease. METHODOLOGY: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of November 2020 to February 2021 in three (3) tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The sample comprised 105 individuals, 56 participants in Type–2 diabetes group and 49 in non-diabetes group. Male and females, having age between 40-65 years were recruited. Each diabetic and non-diabetic were clinically examined for periodontitis. Age and sex-matched participants suffering from periodontitis without a history of diabetes as well as with good glycemic control (HbA1c) were considered as controls subjects. Glycated hemoglobulin (HbA1c) was carried out for all the participants free of cost by using Human Gmbh-Max-Planck-Ring 21-65205 Wiesbaden-Germany kit. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the Peshawar Medical College. Data was analyzed using software package SPSS version 20. RESULTS: Out of 56  diabetics, 24 subjects brushed once daily, 15  brushed twice daily, 11 brushed occasionally and 6  didn’t brush  whereas in 49 non diabetics, 20 subjects brushed once daily, 13 brushed twice daily, 11  brushed occasionally and 5 didn’t brush. The clinical parameter mean (PBI) was recorded in our study. Score was 2.09 (±0.82) in diabetics and 1.02 (±0.47) in non-diabetics. P-value measured by the chi square test was significant. Spearman correlation test was performed to explore the association between the type 2 diabetes and Papillary bleeding index (PBI). CONCLUSION: We concluded that a significant difference exists between the mean PBI scores of Type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics.

Brendan Röder

Fire was an omnipresent element of premodern daily life, yet also an existential threat for urban communities. Drawing on a wide range of sources from contemporary eyewitness accounts to urban regulations from early modern Germany, this paper analyses town fires as multisensory events. It argues that urban dwellers’ senses were used to monitor the city space for potential outbreaks, alert the population to a fire, and move within a burning city. In connection with this, it discusses in which way urban spaces were constituted differently in an emergency situation. The contribution shows how positioning and movement shaped sensory perception and how perception, in turn, influenced the ways people perceived and used space. Town fires were not simply a time of disorder and sensory overload but situations when sensory and spatial ordering was tested and negotiated within political and social hierarchies.

Shauhin E. Alavi, Shauhin E. Alavi, Shauhin E. Alavi et al.

Animal movement along repeatedly used, “habitual” routes could emerge from a variety of cognitive mechanisms, as well as in response to a diverse set of environmental features. Because of the high conservation value of identifying wildlife movement corridors, there has been extensive work focusing on environmental factors that contribute to the emergence of habitual routes between protected habitats. In parallel, significant work has focused on disentangling the cognitive mechanisms underlying animal route use, as such movement patterns are of fundamental interest to the study of decision making and navigation. We reviewed the types of processes that can generate routine patterns of animal movement, suggested a new methodological workflow for classifying one of these patterns—high fidelity path reuse—in animal tracking data, and compared the prevalence of this pattern across four sympatric species of frugivorous mammals in Panama. We found the highest prevalence of route-use in kinkajous, the only nocturnal species in our study, and propose that further development of this method could help to distinguish the processes underlying the presence of specific routes in animal movement data.

Lauermann P, Klingelhöfer A, Mielke D et al.

Peer Lauermann,1 Anthea Klingelhöfer,1 Dorothee Mielke,2 Dirk Bahlmann,1 Hans Hoerauf,1 Juergen Koscielny,3 Christoph Sucker,4 Nicolas Feltgen,1 Christian van Oterendorp1 1Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; 3Gerinnungsambulanz mit Hämophiliezentrum im Ambulanten Gesundheitszentrum (AGZ), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; 4COAGUMED Coagulation Center, Berlin, GermanyCorrespondence: Peer Lauermann, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, Goettingen, 37075, Germany, Email peer.lauermann@med.uni-goettingen.dePurpose: To evaluate the influences and risk factors for severe bleeding complications during glaucoma surgery, and to investigate the role of antiplatelet (AP) and anticoagulant (AC) agents.Methods: This prospective study enrolled patients undergoing trabeculectomy, trabeculotomy (with Trabectome® or Kahook Dual Blade®), viscocanaloplasty and Ahmed or Baerveldt implants. Bleeding severity was graded on an ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 5. Immediately after surgery and one day later, the incidence and severity of bleeding events was documented on a standardized form. A grade ≥ 3 was defined as severe bleeding. The influence of known systemic disorders, the type of anesthesia, surgical procedure, intraoperative blood pressure, and the use of or change in AP or AC agents on intraoperative bleeding were analyzed.Results: Data from 89 eyes undergoing glaucoma procedures were included (age 71.3y ± 10.5). We observed severe intraoperative bleeding in 8 eyes (9%) and found that concomitant diseases such as the history of a deep vein thrombosis or peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and the type of surgical procedure (trabeculectomy and viscocanaloplasty) were significantly associated with severe bleeding events. By contrast, the use of AP/ AC agents had no significant influence on severe intraoperative bleeding events.Conclusion: According to the results of our study cohort, glaucoma procedures entailing scleral manipulations (trabeculectomy and viscocanaloplasty) and concomitant diseases such as the history of a deep vein thrombosis or peripheral arterial occlusive disease influence the risk of severe intraoperative bleeding events, we detected no increased risk related to concomitant antiplatelet and/ or anticoagulant medication use.Keywords: glaucoma surgery, severe bleeding complications, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulant agents

Nahideh Ghanizadeh Tabrizi, Abbas Ghaderi, Dieter Korn et al.

Abstract The Permian–Triassic sedimentary succession in the Julfa region is lithostratigraphically composed of limestones and shales of the Julfa Formation, the Zal Member shales, and the Paratirolites Limestone of the Ali-Bashi Formation, as well as shales and carbonate beds of the Elikah Formation. The Lower Julfa Beds are rich in benthic organisms such as brachiopods and corals, while the Upper Julfa Beds and Ali-Bashi Formation contain pelagic assemblages including ammonoids, fishes, and conodonts. These rocks have already been studied from different palaeontological and geochemical perspectives, but most have focused on the strata near the Permian–Triassic boundary. In the present study, ammonoids from older intervals around the Wuchiapingin–Changhsingian boundary in the four stratigraphic sections Aras Valley, Ali-Bashi 1, Ali-Bashi 4, and Zal are outlined. Fourteen genera and 22 species of ammonoids were identified and assigned to five successive biozones. The Araxocers latissimum Zone in the Lower Julfa Beds and the Vedioceras ventrosulcatum Zone in the Upper Julfa Beds document the Wuchiapingian. Following upwards, the Iranites transcaucasius-Phisonites triangulus Zone, Dzhulfites nodosus Zone and Shevyrevites shevyrevi Zone in the Zal Member confirm an early Changhsingian age. This follows the previously presented ages based on conodonts. Keywords: Permian, Julfa, Ammonoid, Wuchiapingian, Changhsingian.     Introduction The northwestern region of Iran along the Permian was a part of the Cimmerian blocks, separated from the Gondwana margin, and migrated northward parallel to the opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. At the Permian–Triassic boundary, this region was located near the equator, surrounded by the Neo-Tethys in the south and Paleo-Tethys in the north (Stampfli and Borel 2002; Kent and Muttoni 2020). Northwestern Iran contains valuable Lopingian successions and holds evidence of the largest extinction event in Earth's history at the end of Permian. The classical stratigraphic sections in the Caucasus and Julfa have been of interest to geologists since the 19th century. (e.g., Abich 1878; Rieben 1934; Stepanov et al. 1969; Kozur 2007; Richoz et al. 2010; Ghaderi et al. 2014a, b; Korn et al. 2016; Gliwa et al. 2020). The Permian–Triassic sequences of Julfa and Ali-Bashi mountains have been studied by Stepanov et al. (1969). They have categorized the whole succession into eight major rock units, including Genishik Beds (A), Khachik Beds (B), Lower Julfa beds (C), Upper Julfa beds (D), Permian-Triassic Transition Beds (E), Paratirolites Limestone (F), Lower Elika Formation (G) and Upper Elika Formation (H). After Stepanov et al. (1969), Teichert et al. (1973) also reviewed the Ali-Bashi Mountains region, especially the units E and F in Stepanov et al. (1969) during four parallel stratigraphic sections (sections 1 to 4). They have combined E and F units and introduced a new formation called Ali-Bashi Formation. In the following years, the rock sequences in the Ali-Bashi Mountains have been of great importance for studying molluscan fossils and conodonts. Based on conodonts, brachiopods, and ammonoids, the biostratigraphic information and chemical stratigraphy of these stratigraphic sections have been studied in various papers over the last two decades (e.g., Kozur 2007; Shen and Mei 2010; Ghaderi et al. 2014a, b; Schobben et al. 2015, 2017; Korn et al. 2016) and have greatly improved our knowledge about this lesser-known area in Central Tethys. However, there are still deficiencies in some aspects. In the present paper, ammonoid fauna of the Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian boundary in four different stratigraphic sections of Aras valley, Ali-Bashi 1 and 4, and Zal has been identified, and the biostratigraphy of the sections is presented accordingly.   Material & Methods 142 different ammonoid specimens were taken in situ from the Julfa and Zal Beds, of which 84 belong to the Aras Valley section, 11 belong to Ali-Bashi 1, 18 belong to Ali-Bashi 4, and 29 belong to the Zal. Morphological characteristics of the specimens such as conch geometry and measurements of conch diameter, whorl height and width, apertural height, umbilical width, shape of the venter, arrangement and the shape of flanks, umbilical margin and the umbilical wall, shell ornaments such as growth lines, ribs, constrictions, and suture line were investigated according to Korn (2010) method. Cross-sections and suture lines of most of the ammonoids were drawn in Corel Draw 2019 software. Systematic paleontological studies have also been performed using various references (e.g., Ruzhencev and Shevyrev 1965; Zhao et al. 1978; Bando 1979; Kotlyar et al. 1983; Korn 2003; Leonova 2011; Ghaderi et al. 2014a; Korn et al. 2016; Korn and Ghaderi 2019). The ammonoid specimens discussed in this study are stored in the museum of the Geology Department of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and some in the repository of the Museum fur Naturkundeh in Berlin, Germany.   Discussion of Results & Conclusions The Lopingian ammonoid assemblages of the Julfa area have a different distribution in different parts of the sections in terms of abundance and species diversity; most of them are of late Changhsingian age in these successions (Ghaderi et al. 2014a; Korn et al. 2016). Older specimens of Lopingian have less variety and abundance. The fauna in this study includes 14 genera and 22 species of ammonoids of Julfa Beds and Ali-Bashi Formation Zal Member. Fourteen genera and 18 species have been identified in the Aras Valley section, eight genera and eight species in Ali-Bashi 1, 9 genera and 11 species in Ali-Bashi 4, and eight genera and 10 species in the Zal section. Based on the Korn and Ghaderi (2019) for the Aras Valley section and what has been obtained in the present study, the classic ammonoid biostratigraphy proposed for the Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian boundary interval in the Transcaucasia (Ruzhencev and Shevyrev 1965) revised and used for the Julfa region with some modifications. The following biozones are described here and presented in ascending order: Araxoceras latissimum Range Zone: Due to the partial outcrop of the Lower Julfa Beds in the Aras Valley section and the absence of their basal parts, the constituent interval of this biozone in the mentioned section is incomplete, and its thickness is small compared to other sections. The ammonoid assemblage accompanying this biozone in different sections includes Pseudogastrioceras relicuum, Araxoceras insolens, Prototoceras discoidale, Vescotoceras sp. and Araxoceras truncatum, which well confirms the age of early Wuchiapingin for this biozone. Vedioceras ventrosulcatum Range Zone: This biozone has extended into the Upper Julfa Beds; however, the zonal maker species Vedioceras ventrosulcatum was not observed in the studied sections in this study. Korn and Ghaderi (2019) have described other species of the genus Vedioceras, such as Vedioceras fusiforme, as a respectable alternative to the species Vedioceras ventrosulcatum and the definition of this biozone. The ammonoid fauna associated with this biozone in different sections, including Pseudogastrioceras relicuum, Pseudotoceras armenorum, Dzhulfoceras sp., and Vedioceras sp. Iranites transcaucasius - Phisonites triangulus Assemblage Zone: Korn et al. (2019) in the Aras Valley section and the authors of the present study in the other three sections, Ali-Bashi 1, 4, and Zal introduce the Iranites transcaucasius - Phisonites triangulus Assemblage Zone at the Changhsingianin base. This biozone begins with the unveiling of the Zal Member in the lowest part of the Ali-Bashi Formation. Disappearance of Dzhulfoceras and Vedioceras and the emergence of the first Iranites are the most distinctive feature of this biozone. Phisonites triangulus is also present in the platy marly limestone near the member’s base, associated with Xenodiscus dorashamensis and Pseudogastrioceras relicuum. With the onset of this biozone in the basal part of the Zal Member, there is a significant reduction in benthic versus pelagic fauna, indicating a deepening of the basin, minimization of benthos organisms such as brachiopods, and the predominance of pelagic animals like ammonoids, conodonts, and fishes. Dzhulfites nodosus Range Zone: This range zone begins with the appearance of Dzhulfites as well as the newly introduced genus Araxoceltites (Korn et al. 2019) and is located approximately in the middle of the Zal Member. The best record of this biozone in northwestern Iran is related to the Aras Valley section, where Araxoceltites sanestapanus, Dzhulfites nodosus, and Dzhulfites spinosus have been found together at -9.5 meters below the extinction horizon of the section. The ammonoids Araxoceltites laterocostatus, Araxoceltites cristatus, and Pseudogastrioceras relicuum are also present as the accompanying fauna in this biozone. Shevyrevites shevyrevi Interval Zone: This biozone with a very limited stratigraphic range at the top of the Zal Member is just located below the Paratirolites limestone and begins with the appearance of Shevyrevites shevyrevi. Arexoceltites cristatus is one of the most common species of this biozone, which is found alongside Shevyrevites and rare species belonging to Dzhulfites. The other ammonoids identified in this biozone in different sections include Araxoceltites laterocostatus, Araxoceltites sanestepanus, Dzhulfites nodosus, Dzhulfites spinosus, Pseudogastrioceras relicuum, and Shevyrevites nodosus. It should be noted that all Lopingian ammonoids found in the Julfa region, except for Pseudogastrioceras and Timorites, which are belonging to Goniatitida, are ceratitic types. The predominance of ceratitids in the studied ammonoid assemblages indicates the effect of habitat on end Guadalupian extinction. So that nectobenthic and benthopelagic taxa with less lateral compaction, living in shallower tropics, are more damaged and more severely deformed. In contrast, those with high lateral compression have the most preservation. This confirms the selective effect of extinction on the mentioned fauna, indicating in unfavorable conditions, the ceratitids migrated to deeper areas due to their ability to live in the deep-water column and even survived from the end Permian great extinction event

Ram Sagar

The Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), a premier autonomous research institute under the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India has a legacy of about seven decades with contributions made in the field of observational sciences namely atmospheric and astrophysics. The Survey of India used a location at ARIES, determined with an accuracy of better than 10 meters on a world datum through institute participation in a global network of Earth artificial satellites imaging during late 1950. Taking advantage of its high-altitude location, ARIES, for the first time, provided valuable input for climate change studies by long term characterization of physical and chemical properties of aerosols and trace gases in the central Himalayan regions. In astrophysical sciences, the institute has contributed precise and sometime unique observations of the celestial bodies leading to a number of discoveries. With the installation of the 3.6 meter Devasthal optical telescope in the year 2015, India became the only Asian country to join those few nations of the world who are hosting 4 meter class optical telescopes. This telescope, having advantage of geographical location, is well-suited for multi-wavelength observations and for sub-arc-second resolution imaging of the celestial objects including follow-up of the GMRT, AstroSat and gravitational-wave sources.