Hasil untuk "History of France"

Said den Ursprüngen, Richard Dähler, Alan Malek

G. Aad, E. Aakvaag, B. Abbott et al.

A combination of searches for singly and doubly charged Higgs bosons, H± and H±±, produced via vector-boson fusion is performed using 140 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. Searches targeting decays to massive vector bosons in leptonic final states (electrons or muons) are considered. New constraints are reported on the production cross-section times branching fraction for charged Higgs boson masses between 200 GeV and 3000 GeV. The results are interpreted in the context of the Georgi-Machacek model for which the most stringent constraints to date are set for the masses considered in the combination.

Andrée Friaud, Maël Hamey Jakubowicz

In this interview, sociologist Gérôme Guibert reflects on Popular Music Studies’ history. Guibert, who has contributed to the development of this field of study in France, discusses recent research on metal music and subcultures, an area to which he has been contributing since the late 1990s. The interview then addresses the presence of so-called “right-wing” values and aesthetics in popular music.

Michal Šujan, Kishan Aherwar, Rastislav Vojtko et al.

The data included in this article specify the characteristics of the Upper Miocene fill of the Turiec Basin and served for reconstruction of temporal evolution of depositional systems in this intermontane basin located within the Western Carpathians (Central Europe). The borehole lithological log data were used to describe the stratigraphy of the Turiec Basin in geological sections and were gained in the Geofond archive of the State Geological Institute of Dionýz Štúr. The sedimentological data were acquired by field research applying facies analysis to nine outcrop sites. The outcrops served for grain size analyzes performed by sieving and laser diffraction, for geochemical analyzes using ICP-ES, ICP-MS and XRF, and for mineralogical analyzes of whole rock and clay fraction by XRD. Moreover, the muddy layers on outcrops served for collection of 31 samples for the authigenic 10Be/9Be dating. The geochronological data are presented by using five different initial ratios for calculation, determined within the Turiec Basin at the Late Pleistocene alluvial fan and river terrace sites as well as at two Holocene muddy floodplain sites. Another initial ratio data are gained from an Upper Miocene lacustrine succession dated independently by magnetostratigraphy in previous research. Finally, a summary of previously published strontium isotope data from the Turiec Basin is included. The interpretations of the data are provided in Šujan et al., (2023) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 628, 111746.

T. P. Timberlake, N. deVere, L. E. Jones et al.

Abstract Pollen and nectar are crucial resources for bees but vary greatly among plant species in their quantity, nutritional quality and timing of availability. This makes it challenging to identify an appropriate range of plants to meet the nutritional needs of bees throughout the year, though this information is important in the design of pollinator conservation schemes. Using DNA metabarcoding of pollen loads, we record the floral resource use of UK farmland bumblebees at different stages of their colony lifecycle, and compare this with null models of ‘expected’ resource use based on landscape‐scale resource availability (pollen and nectar), to identify foraging priorities and preferences. We use this approach to ask three main questions: (i) what is the foraging breadth of individual bumblebees?; (ii) do bumblebees utilise a greater or lesser diversity of plant species than expected if they foraged in proportion to resource availability?; (iii) which plant species do bumblebees preferentially utilise? Individual bumblebees foraged from a highly consistent number of different plant taxa (mean: 10 ± 0.37 SE per bee), regardless of their species, sampling site or time of year. This high consistency in foraging breadth, despite large changes in the quantity, identity and diversity of resource availability, implies a strong behavioural tendency towards a fixed range of foraging resources. This effect was most striking in April when foraging diversity was maintained despite very low landscape‐level resource diversity. Bumblebees used some plant taxa significantly more than predicted from their landscape‐level floral abundance, nectar or pollen supply, implying certain desirable characteristics beyond the mere quantity of resource. These included Allium spp. and Vicia spp. in April; Trifolium repens and Lotus corniculatus in July and Cardueae spp. (thistles) and Taraxacum officinale in September. Practical implication: Our results strongly indicate that resource quantity is not the only factor driving bumblebee foraging patterns and that resource diversity and quality are also important factors. Thus, in addition to providing large quantities of floral resources, we recommend that pollinator conservation schemes also focus on providing a sufficient diversity of preferred floral resources, enabling pollinators to self‐select a diverse and nutritious diet.

Alexandre Afgoustidis

Ce texte, écrit pour la Gazette de la Société mathématique de France, évoque les fonctions de type positif et leur histoire avant 1950 ; on y présente notamment des extraits de lettres écrites par Roger Godement, qui leur consacra sa thèse en 1946. This is an expository paper on the early history of positive-definite functions, written for the "Gazette de la Société Mathématique de France". It contains pictures of letters written by Roger Godement, during and after the preparation of his 1946 thesis about positive-definite functions on groups.

Christopher M. Graney

This paper provides an overview of recent historical research regarding scientifically-informed challenges to the idea that the stars are other suns orbited by other inhabited earths -- an idea that came to be known as "the Plurality of Worlds". Johannes Kepler in the seventeenth century, Jacques Cassini in the eighteenth, and William Whewell in the nineteenth each argued against "pluralism" based on what in their respective times was solid science. Nevertheless, pluralism remained popular despite these and other scientific challenges. This history will be of interest to the astronomical community so that it is better positioned to avoid difficulties should the historical trajectory of pluralism continue, especially as it persists in the popular imagination.

Dorena Caroli

This article aims at presenting the origins and the evolution of the disciplinary field of history of pedagogy in Italy. It is a process to which the Centro Italiano per la Ricerca Storico-Educativa (CIRSE), founded in 1980, contributed and which continues to this day. After an introduction describing the scientific changes occurred in the two decades preceding the foundation of CIRSE – similar in some ways to what happened in France – this paper consists of four parts describing the definition process of the study of history of pedagogy initiated in the cultural context of the 1968 revolution; the methodological and epistemological renewal established on the basis of the scientific activities carried out by CIRSE; the different legislation steps that led to the development of an independent field history of pedagogy at university level; finally, the current potential of CIRSE in the promotion of networks and scientific collaboration among Italian universities.

Mike Sharples

John Clark was inventor of the Eureka machine to generate hexameter Latin verse. He labored for 13 years from 1832 to implement the device that could compose at random over 26 million different lines of well-formed verse. This paper proposes that Clark should be regarded as an early cognitive scientist. Clark described his machine as an illustration of a theory of "kaleidoscopic evolution" whereby the Latin verse is "conceived in the mind of the machine" then mechanically produced and displayed. We describe the background to automated generation of verse, the design and mechanics of Eureka, its reception in London in 1845 and its place in the history of language generation by machine. The article interprets Clark's theory of kaleidoscopic evolution in terms of modern cognitive science. It suggests that Clark has not been given the recognition he deserves as a pioneer of computational creativity.

S. Deser

I describe the early, from the nineteen sixties, history of attempts at quantizing General Relativity.

Mahmoud H. A. Saleh, Tarek M. Abed-Elhameed

The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread around the world and burdened public health in almost all countries involving France. After the spread of SARS-CoV-2, France harvested many deaths in total. In this paper, we develop models with integer and fractional orders to investigate the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in French hospitals and intensive care units (ICUs). Moreover, this paper aims to explore the impact of precautionary measures on the total infected cases in hospitals and ICUs of COVID-19 for the entire France by using available actual data.

Fatemeh Kazemi, Mojtaba Behroozi, Morteza Zare Beromi

Introduction: Literature brings us to the brink of existence. Its imaginary landscapes invite the reader to be a voyager filled with wonder, but the prospect of the marvelous that dazzles the eye may also open on to the dark world of terror and despair. Literature, like dreams, cannot be controlled. It disrupts the hold we have on our habitual experience. When we read or write, we inevitably follow the traveler’s impulses and steer across unknown countries with the help of a map. Yet, literary language most especially creates its own ephemeral universe resistant to all that is familiar. Something in this shifting landscape escapes and alienates our travelling eyes. The most intense forms of estrangement experienced by the subject, according to Julia Kristeva, are those produced by poetic language. For, while its origins are implicated in the origins of subjectivity, poetic language is a fire of tongues. It has an infinite, ecstatic quality that eludes the mastery of human consciousness. The landscape of the literature, then, is inhabited by a foreignness that deflects the traveler and isolates us from ourselves. We become, in other words, exiles.Julia Kristeva: Julia Kristeva (born on 24 June 1941) is a Bulgarian-French philosopher, literary critic, semiotician, psychoanalyst, feminist and, most recently, novelist who has lived in France since the mid-1960s. She is now a professor emeritus at Diderot University of Paris. As the author of more than 30 books, such as Powers of Horror, Tales of Love, Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia, Proust and the Sense of Time, and the trilogy Female Genius, she has been awarded Commander of the Legion of Honor, Commander of the Order of Merit, Holberg International Memorial Prize, Hannah Arendt Prize, and Vision 97 Foundation Prize. She was also awarded by the Havel Foundation.“Strangers to Ourselves” by Julia Kristeva: This book is concerned with the notion of the “stranger”, the foreigner, outsider, or alien in a country and society not their own as well as the notion of strangeness within the self, a person’s deep sense of being, as distinct from their outside appearance and conscious idea of self. Kristeva begins with the personal and moves outward by examining the world literature and philosophy. She discusses the foreigner in the Greek tragedy, in the Bible, and in the literature of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Enlightenment, and the twentieth century. She discusses the legal status of foreigners throughout history, gaining perspective on our own civilization. Her insights into the problems of nationality, particularly in France, are more timely and relevant in an increasingly integrated and fractious world.In the framework of the theory of strangers to ourselves, Julia Kristeva explains the life of the stranger within us. This stranger is a hidden force and an explanation for our internal contradictions, differences, and isolations that are formed under compelling environmental conditions and push the host towards the risk of social exclusion and alienation, especially if the host is an immigrant.Alia Mamdouh: This Iraqi writer was born in Baghdad in 1944 and finished her primary and secondary studies there. Then, she joined Al-Mustansiriya University and graduated in psychology in 1971. She left Iraq in 1982 and did not return there. She haunted among capitals and cities, among Beirut and Morocco, Brighton, Cardiff, and Montreal, and temporarily settled in Paris.The present study is the analysis of the contextual features of “Al-Mahbubat” according to the principles of the theory of Kristeva, Strangers to Ourselves, and the characters of this novel in order to lay the grounds for proposing themes of alienation with oneself.Methodology: The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The analysis helps to describe, show and summarize the data in a constructive way such that the patterns that emerge can fulfill every condition of the data.Results and Discussion: “Al-Mahbubat” by Alia Mamdouh: The novel “Al-Mahbubat” presents its own artistic reality. This reality is based on the experience and alienation of Iraqi immigrants in Western society, the novelist looks at the world from their perspective and gives them the opportunity to reflect and talk about their suffering inside and outside Iraq. Thus, the novelist explains the lives of Iraqis living inside and outside Iraq based on the theory of strangers to ourselves.Conclusion:  Iraqis who live in Iraq or migrate to a foreign land can possibly be classified as strangers because they are ready for it. This alienation arises in two ways, by their will or by force from the environment. The severity of this alienation among the immigrants is more than the other Iraqis because they are forced to live in a foreign environment and must be prepared to separate from the mother tongue and their national culture.

Refat Abduzhemilev

The column presents one of the principal narrative sources reflecting the history of the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate – the work “Tevarikh-i Desht-i Kiptchak” (“The Chronicle of the Desht-i Kiptchak”, 1638) from under the pen of Abdullah ibn Rizvan. Notwithstanding the presence of works in the scientific literature on this chronicle, they still have a superficial character. The artistic and literary merits of the work have not been fully analyzed. The chronicle is a vivid example of the evolution of the Crimean Ottoman traditions of verbal creativity and chronology, which later gave impetus to the emergence of other universal histories. The text of “Tevarikh-i Desht-i Kiptchak” is given in the original transliteration from two manuscripts (National Library of France S 874 and The Library of Topkapı Palace Museum B 289) and in Russian translation (author of transliteration and translation – R. R. Abduzhemilev). The translation is made up of the combined text from two manuscript copies in the book Ananiasz Zajaczkowski “La Chronique des Steppes Kıptchak Tevarih-i Deşt-ı Qıpçaq du XVIIe siecle” (Warszawa 1966).

G. Aad, B. Abbott, D.C. Abbott et al.

A search for the dimuon decay of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson is performed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 collected with the ATLAS detector in Run 2 pp collisions at s=13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed (expected) significance over the background-only hypothesis for a Higgs boson with a mass of 125.09 GeV is 2.0σ (1.7σ). The observed upper limit on the cross section times branching ratio for pp→H→μμ is 2.2 times the SM prediction at 95% confidence level, while the expected limit on a H→μμ signal assuming the absence (presence) of a SM signal is 1.1 (2.0). The best-fit value of the signal strength parameter, defined as the ratio of the observed signal yield to the one expected in the SM, is μ=1.2±0.6.

Berihun Gebremedhin, Desalegn Chala, Øystein Flagstad et al.

Populations of large mammals have declined at alarming rates, especially in areas with intensified land use where species can only persist in small habitat fragments. To support conservation planning, we developed habitat suitability models for the Walia ibex (Capra walie), an endangered wild goat endemic to the Simen Mountains, Ethiopia. We calibrated several models that differ in statistical properties to estimate the spatial extent of suitable habitats of the Walia ibex in the Simen Mountains, as well as in other parts of the Ethiopian highlands to assess potentially suitable areas outside the current distribution range of the species. We further addressed the potential consequences of future climate change using a climate model with four emission scenarios. Model projections estimated the potential suitable habitat under current climate to 501–672 km2 in Simen and 6,251–7,732 km2 in other Ethiopian mountains. Under projected climate change by 2,080, the suitable habitat became larger in Simen but smaller in other parts of Ethiopia. The projected expansion in Simen is contrary to the general expectation of shrinking suitable habitats for high-elevation species under climate warming and may partly be due to the ruggedness of these particular mountains. The Walia ibex has a wide altitudinal range and is able to exploit very steep slopes, allowing it to track the expected vegetation shift to higher altitudes. However, this potential positive impact may not last long under continued climate warming, as the species will not have much more new space left to colonize. Our study indicates that the current distribution range can be substantially increased by reintroducing and/or translocating the species to other areas with suitable habitat. Indeed, to increase the viability and prospects for survival of this flagship species, we strongly recommend human-assisted reintroduction to other Ethiopian mountains. Emulating the successful reintroduction of the Alpine ibex that has spread from a single mountain in Italy to its historical ranges of the Alps in Europe might contribute to saving the Walia ibex from extinction.

Bogatov Egor, Korenev Artem, Mikhailov Ilya

One of the variants for systematizing the activities of the historian of mathematics is proposed, as well as a scheme for organizing research and search work in the preparation of scientific articles and reports on the history of science.

Aniruddha Dey, D. C. Biswas, A. Chakraborty et al.

A detailed investigation on the relative isotopic distributions has been carried out for the first time in case of even-even correlated fission fragments for the $^{235}$U($n_{th}$,$f$) fission reaction. High-statistics data were obtained in a prompt $γ$ ray spectroscopy measurement during the EXILL campaign at ILL, Grenoble, France. The extensive off-line analysis of the coincidence data have been carried out using four different coincidence methods. Combining the results from 2-dimensional $γ-γ$ and 3-dimensional $γ-γ-γ$ coincidence analysis, a comprehensive picture of the relative isotopic yield distributions of the even-even neutron-rich fission fragments has emerged. The experimentally observed results have been substantiated by the theoretical calculations based on a novel approach of isospin conservation, and a reasonable agreement has been obtained. The calculations following the semi-empirical GEF model have also been carried out. The results from the GEF model calculations are found to be in fair agreement with the experimental results.

L. Mariani, P. Lozeron, M. Théaudin et al.

To compare the natural history of familial transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathies (FAP) due to the Val30Met, Ser77Tyr, and Ile107Val mutations in France with the classical Portuguese Val30Met FAP.

Charles Osarenomase

Africa became the hub of European political, economic, social and military activities during the period of European conquest. The emergence of legitimate commerce after the end of slave trade in 1807 marked the beginning of a new era in African history. With the new trend and development in Europe occasioned by legitimate commerce, European countries notably British, Portugal and France maintained economic, political and social relations with African states. France and Britain were the main players in the quest for territorial and strategic control in Africa. This paper examines the changing pattern of French African policy since 1960. For a clear conceptual analysis, the paper examines the historicity of France Africa relations in a bid to identifying areas of cooperation and changes since 1960. The paper also focuses on the circumstances that resulted in the new French policy toward Africa, although this policy was not a total departure from the colonial past but a readjustment of the existing policies to suit the prevailing developments in the domestic and international environment. The study adopts the descriptive and analytical research method. It utilises primary and secondary sources ranging from government publications, newspaper records, books and journals among other sources. The work is organised thematically and chronologically. From what has been done so far in the research, the study establishes that the changing pattern of French policy toward Africa since 1960 was occasioned by domestic and international exigencies.

Luis A. Anchordoqui, Ignatios Antoniadis, Karim Benakli et al.

Present experiments are sensitive to very weakly coupled extra gauge symmetries which motivates further investigation of their appearance in string theory compactifications and subsequent properties. We consider extensions of the standard model based on open strings ending on D-branes, with gauge bosons due to strings attached to stacks of D-branes and chiral matter due to strings stretching between intersecting D-branes. Assuming that the fundamental string mass scale saturates the current LHC limit and that the theory is weakly coupled, we show that (anomalous) U(1) gauge bosons which propagate into the bulk are compelling light dark matter candidates. We comment on the possible relevance of the U(1) gauge bosons, which are universal in intersecting D-brane models, to the observed 3σ excess in XENON1T.