Hasil untuk "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation"

R. Cann

Zhezheng Hao, Hong Wang, Jian Luo et al.

Large Language Model agents are reshaping the industrial landscape. However, most practical agents remain human-designed because tasks differ widely, making them labor-intensive to build. This situation poses a central question: can we automatically create and adapt domain agents in the wild? While several recent approaches have sought to automate agent creation, they typically treat agent generation as a black-box procedure and rely solely on final performance metrics to guide the process. Such strategies overlook critical evidence explaining why an agent succeeds or fails, and often require high computational costs. To address these limitations, we propose ReCreate, an experience-driven framework for the automatic creation of domain agents. ReCreate systematically leverages agent interaction histories, which provide rich concrete signals on both the causes of success or failure and the avenues for improvement. Specifically, we introduce an agent-as-optimizer paradigm that effectively learns from experience via three key components: (i) an experience storage and retrieval mechanism for on-demand inspection; (ii) a reasoning-creating synergy pipeline that maps execution experience into scaffold edits; and (iii) hierarchical updates that abstract instance-level details into reusable domain patterns. In experiments across diverse domains, ReCreate consistently outperforms human-designed agents and existing automated agent generation methods, even when starting from minimal seed scaffolds.

Xinmin Fang, Lingfeng Tao, Zhengxiong Li

The fundamental topology of manufacturing has not undergone a paradigm-level transformation since Henry Ford's moving assembly line in 1913. Every major innovation of the past century, from the Toyota Production System to Industry 4.0, has optimized within the Fordist paradigm without altering its structural logic: centralized mega-factories, located near labor pools, producing at scale. We argue that embodied intelligence is poised to break this century-long stasis, not by making existing factories more efficient, but by triggering phase transitions in manufacturing economic geography itself. When embodied AI capabilities cross critical thresholds in dexterity, generalization, reliability, and tactile-vision fusion, the consequences extend far beyond cost reduction: they restructure where factories are built, how supply chains are organized, and what constitutes viable production scale. We formalize this by defining a Capability Space C = (d, g, r, t) and showing that the site-selection objective function undergoes topological reorganization when capability vectors cross critical surfaces. Through three pathways, weight inversion, batch collapse, and human-infrastructure decoupling, we show that embodied intelligence enables demand-proximal micro-manufacturing, eliminates "manufacturing deserts," and reverses geographic concentration driven by labor arbitrage. We further introduce Machine Climate Advantage: once human workers are removed, optimal factory locations are determined by machine-optimal conditions (low humidity, high irradiance, thermal stability), factors orthogonal to traditional siting logic, creating a production geography with no historical precedent. This paper establishes Embodied Intelligence Economics, the study of how physical AI capability thresholds reshape the spatial and structural logic of production.

Wan-Gu Kim, Byoung-Nam Kim, Yohan Chweh

The influence of station-to-station line orientation on sea current speed observations using Coastal Acoustic Tomography (CAT) was quantitatively investigated. For this purpose, we conducted CAT experiments at five stations in Yeosu Bay, South Korea. Through these experiments, the sea current speeds were estimated along a total of six tomographic observation lines with different orientations, and the results were compared with current speeds measured simultaneously by an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The comparison showed that the concordance between tomography-estimated sea current speed and ADCP-measured sea current speed tended to decrease as the acute angle between the predominant tidal current direction in Yeosu Bay and a tomographic observation line increased. This tendency is interpreted as arising because the smaller the difference between the two one-way travel times obtained during tomographic observations, the greater the effect of the travel time measurement error whose magnitude is relatively direction-independent. This interpretation was supported by a simple numerical simulation. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of these simulation results indicated that a smaller acute angle between the predominant sea current direction in the survey area and a tomographic observation line enhances the robustness of sea current speed estimation against travel time measurement errors. The results show that the station-to-station line in CAT should be arranged considering the predominant sea current direction in the survey area, which can provide an important guideline for selecting station locations.

N. Elizbarashvili, David Svanadze, R. Elizbarashvili et al.

The article discusses the geographical features and classification of Georgia's resort and recreational resources. Recreation and recreational farming are related to the geographical environment, its natural characteristics and landscape diversity, and the geographical features of farming and social infrastructure. The field of study of recreational geography includes those objects that consist of natural and social elements. Due to this, it has developed on the border of separate directions of both natural and social geography, medical geography and geography. Geographical research of resorts, as well as recreational facilities, can be carried out using both geographical analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative, expeditionary, geoinformatics, sociological, and other methods. For geographical research of resorts and resort economy, it is desirable to study such issues as: The impact of the natural environment or landscape on human health; Landscape structure and functions; Research on the recreational (resort) and aesthetic value of the landscape; Classification of resorts according to location, landscapes, purpose (treatment of diseases), mineral or thermal waters, climate (dryness index, sunlight, temperature amplitude, pressure, humidity, snow cover), natural resource potential (vegetation, reservoirs, fauna, natural monuments, relief, etc.), usage traditions (i.e. history), folk beliefs (attitude of the local population to medicine), uniqueness, historical-cultural (historical monuments, cultural objects, etc.) and transport (accessibility, Internet, etc.) infrastructure, and in general - natural and socio-economic factors; A complex assessment of recreational potential involves the study of dozens of issues and objects, which is a rather difficult scientific and practical task. There are no generally accepted criteria for it, which makes it difficult to make a complex assessment of natural, historical-cultural, or socio-economic factors. Georgia is distinguished throughout the world, and especially in the Caucasus, by its recreational resources. There are more than 100 resorts and resort areas in Georgia. About 2 thousand mineral springs have been identified and studied, most of which are distinguished by their high balneological purpose. Georgia has all types of resorts known worldwide. The main ones are sea, mountain, and climatic-balneological resorts. The article discusses the geographical, historical-cultural, recreational and infrastructural features of 55 Georgian resorts. A total of 29 parameters were considered, 25 of which are not found in the scientific literature related to Georgian resortology.

Sahana Ghosh

What does militarism in the timespace of war-preparedness look like in the majority world? Drawing on ongoing research on soldiering in postcolonial India, focused on the Border Security Force, I examine everyday life and labor within security institutions: soldiers’ routines in barracks, prohibited friendships, hardships, and longings. Bringing feminist thought and the political anthropology of security regimes into conversation with a materialist approach to space, this article argues that borderland barracks prove key to the expansionist logic and durability of what I term “constructive security.” The ethnographic study of barracks reveals this logic, i.e., the spatial and social inscriptions by which disparate locales across the country come to be reconstituted as places of work and dwelling for soldiers, privileging and provisioning their social reproduction through violence and care, and stitching together a national security geography. Such a view shows that postcolonial militarism cannot be understood as a coercive project alone; it is simultaneously a constructive one, particularly a reproductive one.

Kensuke Ohtake

This paper studies the Footloose Entrepreneur model in new economic geography in continuous space. In an appropriate function space, the model is formulated as an initial value problem for an infinite-dimensional ordinary differential equation. A unique global solution is constructed based on the Banach fixed point theorem. The stability of a homogeneous stationary solution is then investigated and numerical simulations of the asymptotic behavior of the solution are performed. Numerical solutions starting near the unstable homogeneous stationary solution converge to spike-shaped stationary solutions, and the number of spikes decreases with decreasing transport costs and strengthening preference for variety.

Hao He, Timothy P Canty, Russell R Dickerson et al.

Between June 6 and 8, 2023, wildfires in Quebec, Canada generated massive smoke plumes that traveled long distances and deteriorated air quality across the Northeastern United States (US). Surface daily PM _2.5 observations exceeded 100 µ g m ^−3 , affecting major cities such as New York City and Philadelphia, while many areas lacked PM _2.5 monitors, making it difficult to assess local air quality conditions. To address this gap, we developed a WRF-CMAQ-BenMAP modeling system to provide rapid, spatially continuous estimates of wildfire-attributable PM _2.5 concentrations and associated health impacts, particularly benefiting regions lacking air quality monitoring. CMAQ simulations driven by two wildfire emissions datasets and two meteorological drivers showed good agreement with PM _2.5 observations, with linear regression results of R ^2 ∼0.6 and slope ∼0.9. We further quantified uncertainties introduced by varying emissions and meteorological drivers and found the choice of wildfire emissions dataset alone can alter PM _2.5 simulations by up to 40 µ g m ^−3 (∼40%). Short-term health impacts were evaluated using the BenMAP model. Validation against asthma-associated emergency department (ED) visits in New York State confirmed the framework’s ability to replicate real-world outcomes, with ED visits increased up to ∼40%. The modeling results identified counties most severely affected by wildfire plumes, the majority of which lack regulatory air quality monitors. Our approach highlights the value of integrated modeling for identifying vulnerable populations and delivering timely health burden estimates, regardless of local monitoring availability.

Courtney Grimes, Ramón A Alvarez

Piotr J. Wróbel

General Lucjan Żeligowski’s dilemmas regarding his national identity reflect the difficult choices faced by millions of people living in the borderlands between Russia and various East-Central European nations over the past several centuries. Born and raised in a Polish-patriotic family in 1865 in the heart of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was controlled by Tsarist Russia, he joined the Russian Army out of poverty and became almost entirely Russified. Seeking a compromise between his Polish and Russian identities, he became interested in Slavophile ideology. By the end of World War I, his Polish identity had prevailed over his Lithuanian and Russian sentiments, and he contributed to the rebirth of Poland. However, he noticed a distinction between Poles from central Poland and himself, a “Polish” or “Slavic Lithuanian”. He was very critical of Warsaw’s policies towards the regions of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and endeavoured to preserve their separate character. In 1939, he escaped from Poland and joined the Polish émigré authorities. In the West, he returned to Pan-Slavic ideology, hoping it would help bridge the Polish-Soviet chasm. Also, his political views shifted. In interwar Poland, he became an agrarian, but he was moving to the left, dreaming of a “People’s Poland”. This allowed him to stay connected with the Soviets during World War II and later to decide on his return to communist-controlled Poland. He had never found peace of mind and paid a steep price for his numerous identity crises. He was not alone; millions traversed similar mental paths, impacting the entire history of Eastern and East Central Europe.

Han Cheng, Priya Chacko, Fathun Karib et al.

The Indo-Pacific has drawn increasing attention in political and popular discourses in light of the contemporary geopolitical moment. While scholars in mainstream International Relations actively engage with the concept, there have been less interventions from critical epistemologies associated with geography, anthropology, history, and cognate disciplines. This conversation brings together four scholars who have worked across China, India, Australia, Japan, Southeast Asia, and beyond to problematize the Indo-Pacific concept, explore alternative geographies of knowing, and discuss the implications for rescaling area studies at the present conjuncture.

Éva Máté, A. Trócsányi

Small town research represents a dominant part in urban geography. Being a transitional settlement type between urban and rural landscapes, it is important to define the roles of small towns regarding economy, services and infrastructure, recreation, or simply by their representations and identity. In this article, we aim to provide an insight into small town research in Central Eastern Europe and beyond, based on a 2024 summer school, focusing on the changing development paths of small towns.

A. Snyder

This afterword considers the thematic issue 'The Affective Politics of Music in Latin America,' published by the Journal of Extreme Anthropology. I begin by questioning the frame of Latin America as space of inquiry for understanding the relationship between music, politics, and affect. I ask if this such a continental geography provides a coherent space for comparable case studies, and I discuss the genealogy of the construction of Latin America as a particularly affective territory. After discussing the issue's articles in relation to their primarily national frames, I place the issue within a larger affective turn in Latin American studies and festive studies. I then discuss my forthcoming book project on Brazilian music in Portugal, which, by theorizing 'postcolonial intimacy,' seeks to expand affect theory in relation to music and politics beyond national frames. Lastly, I consider the import of affect theory to Latin American musicians themselves, arguing that the fundamental implication of affect theory, that feeling has an impact, are obvious to musicians, who have always self-consciously used music's affects for political purposes.

Siddharth Sareen, M. Ryghaug, Dominic Boyer et al.

Recent developments in energy social science and humanities (SSH) research raise two questions that this Dialogue jointly addresses. How do these fields of enquiry matter? And relatedly, how can we engage across our scholarly praxes and differences to complement and bolster the strengths of each field? These fields include energy anthropology, energy geography, energy science and technology studies, and energy humanities more broadly. We argue that these sub‐fields need to interact across their disciplinary homes. Their family resemblances are important to capitalise upon alongside their individual strengths. Within their energy‐related sub‐fields, we argue that these disciplines can channel mutual engagement towards wider impact. To explain how these sub‐fields matter, we articulate what we refer to as impact in energy SSH. We channel our individual vantage points into dialogue within a thematic structure along the lines of how power, justice and politics matter in relation to energy SSH and then offer a synthesis conclusion to argue that for impact in energy SSH, how we matter matters. We take a long view of the importance of energy SSH, attentive to the relevance of the conditions of production for praxis. We argue for bringing energy SSH closer into the folds of disciplinary practice while retaining emphasis on the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration it necessitates (for scholars to make sense of changes in energy systems with all the institutional, sociotechnical, cultural and indeed political complexity these transitions entail) for more engaged and informed energy SSH. Working in close engagement with the exciting, frightening and intellectually fascinating forces shaping the world at the present conjuncture as society faces transformative imperatives is the key to retaining relevance, reinvigorating disciplinary praxes and enabling impactful energy SSH.

Olubukola Olayiwola

Neoliberal market‐oriented approaches to solving social and economic problems defined as “poverty” have received much attention in anthropology and allied disciplines such as sociology and geography and among development studies scholars and practitioners. Anthropologists have taken up, and often contend with, the paradigmatic discourse of neoliberalism, debating its adequacy as an explanatory framework for understanding the causes and consequences of the political‐economic forces determining the social formations they examine, including those forces resulting in public policies geared toward fighting poverty. This contention is due to anthropology's interests in humans and the dynamics of their relationships with institutions and structures created by them. This contention has made some anthropologists echo their frustration about whether neoliberalism has offered any help at all. Based on ethnographic study conducted in the informal economic sector in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, this article offers participants' ideation of “having experience of what to do to succeed” and examines the nature of trust among actors as an alternative perspective of working bottom‐up to explore the nuanced iterative connections between actors at various levels of scale. I argue that “having experience of what to do to succeed” explains how actors at various levels play around the “ephemerality of trust” and “good timing” in achieving their desires for interest‐free microloans and votes needed for electoral success and access to political offices. This idea can bring together the rather mutable and multifaceted, real ways that neoliberalism comes into view. This account shows that Ibadan's manifestation of neoliberalism offers insights into how structural adjustment and neoliberal policies in Nigeria merged with citizens' expectations of politicians in ways that provide a context for the existence of trust (but in which case) that is very ephemeral, and the moral imperative is to take advantage of that trust in a strategic way.

Kouki Taniyama

Let $α$ be a map from the set of all knot types ${\mathcal K}$ to a set $X$. Let $β$ be a map from ${\mathcal K}$ to a set $Y$. We define the relation between $α$ and $β$ to be the image of a map $(α,β)$ from ${\mathcal K}$ to $X\times Y$ sending an element $K$ of ${\mathcal K}$ to $(α(K),β(K))$. We determine the relations between $α$ and $β$ for certain $α$ and $β$ such as crossing number, unknotting number, bridge number, braid index, genus and canonical genus. This is a study of geography problem in knot theory.

Yiming Zhao, Dewen Guo, Zhouhui Lian et al.

To bridge the gap between artists and non-specialists, we present a unified framework, Neural-Polyptych, to facilitate the creation of expansive, high-resolution paintings by seamlessly incorporating interactive hand-drawn sketches with fragments from original paintings. We have designed a multi-scale GAN-based architecture to decompose the generation process into two parts, each responsible for identifying global and local features. To enhance the fidelity of semantic details generated from users' sketched outlines, we introduce a Correspondence Attention module utilizing our Reference Bank strategy. This ensures the creation of high-quality, intricately detailed elements within the artwork. The final result is achieved by carefully blending these local elements while preserving coherent global consistency. Consequently, this methodology enables the production of digital paintings at megapixel scale, accommodating diverse artistic expressions and enabling users to recreate content in a controlled manner. We validate our approach to diverse genres of both Eastern and Western paintings. Applications such as large painting extension, texture shuffling, genre switching, mural art restoration, and recomposition can be successfully based on our framework.

Tom Cernev, Richard Fenner

With 2030 quickly approaching and hence the end of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) timeline, it is necessary to start the conversation as to what the post-2030 international development goals, that will take over from the SDGs, will look like. Building on the experiences of implementing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and SDGs, there is the possibility of making the post-2030 goals the most efficient and successful to date. This perspective explores the lessons that have been learnt from the MDGs and SDGs, and together with a consideration of emerging global trends develops proposals for post-2030 goals and targets. In total seven goals are suggested: (1) Operate within planetary boundaries (2) Create growth within resource limits (3) Provide access to basic services for all (4) Eliminate poverty and hunger (5) Reduce inequality (6) Deliver good health and education for all (7) Build strong institutions and international partnerships. The goals are categorised as being: (i) Environmental and Economic (ii) Physical Assets (iii) Social, and (iv) Collaboration. System interdependencies and possible causal connections between the proposed post-2030 goals are also explored. A novel approach of five yearly assessments of the risks involved if the targets are not met, together with suggestions for corrective action is discussed, which will help inform governments and decision makers of the urgent actions needed. To avoid a disruptive future, careful formulation of the post SDG period beyond 2030 is urgently needed to provide a fair and consistent framework to hold both government and industry to account at local, national, and international levels. This will require the strengthening of existing international institutions and strategies for the financing of development.

Zhiwei Zhang, Dawei Pan, Yan Liang et al.

Field determination and ecological risk assessment of dissolved lead (Pb) were performed at two Yellow Sea sites in China using a continuous automated electrochemical system (CAEDS). This CAEDS instrument includes an automatic triple filter sampler and an electrochemical detection water quality analyzer, which might be operated automatically four times daily. The dissolved Pb concentrations varied from 0.29 to 1.57 μg/L in the South Yellow Sea over 16 days and from 0.32 to 2.28 μg/L in the North Yellow Sea over 13 days. During the typhoon and algal bloom periods, the Pb concentration was as high as ten times greater than usual. According to the calculation of contamination factors (C_f) and subsequent analysis, seawater quality was classified as Grade II. Through species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method experiments and ecological risk analysis, an average risk quotient (RQ) below 1 for both areas was obtained, indicating a low-to-moderate ecological risk. This system will be helpful for Pb monitoring and assessment in seawater and contribute to the biogeochemical cycling study of Pb.

Mega L. Syamsuddin, Subiyanto Subiyanto, Tonny Bratasena et al.

The Makassar Strait is one of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) branches that transports warm water masses from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. These water masses have a significant impact on oceanographic parameters, which in turn affects the skipjack tuna distribution. Satellite-derived oceanographic factors from January 2015 to December 2020 included sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a, salinity, sea surface height (SSH), surface current, and surface wind are used to predict the potential habitat of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Makassar Strait using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The SSH was the most important oceanographic variable affecting the skipjack tuna catch, contributing 49.7% to the model gain. An increasing skipjack tuna catch was observed within the following oceanographic variable ranges: 0.48–0.58 m of SSH, 34–35 ppt of salinity, 0.1–1.2 m/s of surface current, 29–30 °C of SST, 5–6 m/s of surface wind, and 0.1–0.5 mg/l of chlorophyll-a concentrations.