James Price, Guillermo Valenzuela-Venegas, Oskar Vågerö
et al.
The large-scale deployment of wind power is central to Europe`s energy transition but faces challenges due to its social and environmental impacts on communities. Here we assess how the tolerance of local stakeholders to such impacts translates across spatial scales to shape the cost and design of the continent`s net-zero electricity system using a soft-linked modelling framework. We find that lower impact tolerance can reduce the role of onshore wind in Europe reaching net-zero by up to 84% relative to a future where wind enjoys higher acceptance, with other low carbon sources needing to be scaled up to compensate. This translates into total European electricity system costs increasing by between 2-14% while some countries see costs escalating by 20% or more. Our results show that the local acceptance of onshore wind is a key structural driver of the system and highlight the system value of policies to promote it.
Pascal Meurer, Sebastian Buschow, Svenja Szemkus
et al.
The increasing occurrence of extreme weather events since the beginning of the 21st century has led to the development of new methods to attribute extreme events to anthropogenic climate change. How the extreme event is defined has a major influence on the attribution result. A frequently disregarded or evaded aspect concerns the temporal dependence and the clustering of extremes. This study presents an approach for attributing complete time series during extreme events to anthropogenic forcing. The approach is based on a non-stationary Markov process using bivariate extreme value theory to model the temporal dependence of the time series. We calculate the likelihood ratio of an observational time series from ERA5 given the distributions as estimated from CMIP6 simulations with historical natural-only and natural and anthropogenic forcing scenarios. The spatial fields are condensed by the extremal pattern index as a compact description of spatial extremes. In addition, the study examines the extent to which attribution statements about the occurrence of extreme heat events change when the effect of the mean warming is eliminated. The resulting attribution statement provides very strong evidence for the scenario with anthropogenic drivers over Europe, especially since the beginning of the 21st century. For central and southern Europe, the influence of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on heatwaves could already have been proven in the 1970s using today's methods. There is no reliable signal apart from a general increase in temperature, neither in terms of the temporal dependence of extreme heat days nor in terms of the shape of the extreme value distribution.
A modification to the vis-viva equation that accounts for general relativistic effects is introduced to enhance the accuracy of predictions of orbital motion and precession. The updated equation reduces to the traditional vis-viva equation under Newtonian conditions and is a more accurate tool for astrodynamics than the traditional equation. Preliminary simulation results demonstrate the application potential of the modified vis-viva equation for more complex n-body systems. Spherical symmetry is assumed in this approach; however, this limitation could be removed in future research. This study is a pivotal step toward bridging classical and relativistic mechanics and thus makes an important contribution to the field of celestial dynamics.
Este artículo estudia la real proclamación de Luis I en la capital del reino de Mallorca, Palma. La proclamación en Palma de este monarca es especialmente significativa ya que se introduce el modelo de ceremonial castellano tras el decreto de Nueva Planta que era ajeno a la costumbre mallorquina. El propósito es conocer quiénes fueron los protagonistas, cómo se organizó, así como la ceremonia de la proclamación real en la capital del reino insular.
Francesco Calzarano, Carmine Amalfitano, Leonardo Seghetti
et al.
Esca disease, the most common grapevine wood disease in Europe, causes yield losses correlated with the foliar symptoms’ expression. In two vineyards located in the Abruzzo Region of Italy, each of which were investigated for esca symptoms after 1994, different applications of macro- and microelements were performed in two consecutive growing seasons. The main aim of the work consisted of verifying the effects of the fertilizer applications on the foliar symptoms’ expression, in order to deepen knowledge of the nature of the symptom, which is still unclear. For each treatment, in each year, the leaf content of macro- and microelements and the composition of berries and musts were assessed. The effects of these applications on vegetative growth and yield quantity were also verified. The trials were carried out on symptomatic, asymptomatic and apparently healthy vines. All applications, in particular those with microelements, increased the foliar symptoms’ expression, and a greater vegetative growth was detected only in vines treated with NPK fertilizers. The symptoms’ increase was always associated in the leaf with a decrease of calcium, and to a lesser extent, magnesium, reinforcing the hypothesis of the plant’s hypersensitive reaction in the development of foliar symptoms, given the role of calcium in the defense response. The vineyards were in nutritional balance regardless of the fertilizer applications. The general increase in foliar symptoms and the decrease in sugars in the musts of asymptomatic treated vines underlined the importance of the vegetative-productive balance, in Esca infected vineyards especially, in order to limit the symptoms’ expression and the decrease in yield.
The departmental prefecture of Kraków was established in April 1810 on the basis of the Administrative Office of the Kraków Powiat, established by the provisional Polish authorities during the War of the Fifth Coalition (1809). The creation of the prefecture was preceded by a dispute over the scope of powers of this institution and an attempt to grant Kraków a special status outside the departmental structures in the Duchy of Warsaw. In political terms, the prefect of the department presented pro-Napoleonic views until May 1813. After the seizure of Kraków by the Russian army, he switched to pro-Russian positions, seeing Tsar Alexander as the protector of the Polish cause. The Kraków Department was managed efficiently by the prefecture. In some cases (Kraków’s local governance, limitation of Jewish economic activities), the prefect of the Department applied solutions that were inconsistent with the applicable law. For the next two prefects of the Kraków Department (Stanisław Wodzicki and Kasper Wielogłowski) this office was the first stage of their official career, which ended for them with the function of the president of the Senate of the Free City of Kraków.
José Elguero Videgaray fue uno de los hispanistas mexicanos más destacados de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Abogado por formación, aunque periodista por oficio y vocación, cultivó el ejercicio de la palabra impresa en infinidad de artículos publicados en importantes periódicos de la época, como El País o Excélsior. Su pluma no aceptó ataduras y, por ello, acabó padeciendo la experiencia del exilio en varias ocasiones. De este periodista, escritor y académico michoacano, que vivió el régimen porfiriano y las primeras décadas de la revolución mexicana, versará el presente artículo con vistas a alcanzar un acercamiento a su desconocida trayectoria de vida.
We study the distribution of strike size, which we measure as lost person days, for a long period in several countries of Europe and America. When we consider the full samples, the mixtures of two or three lognormals arise as very convenient models. When restricting to the upper tails, the Pareto power law becomes almost indistinguishable of the truncated lognormal.
European museums (of ethnography) and the material culture under their custody — a large portion of which was collected by the soldiers, explorers, and professional looters of the colonial era — are increasingly confronted by formerly colonized countries and Indigenous communities demanding the repatriation of their cultural patrimony. In this context, more and more ancestral human remains become the protagonists of their descendants’ concerted efforts to bring them back home and offer them a reburial. Recognized as having been brought to Europe and its museums primarily as specimens for the racial theories that scientifically abetted the colonial agendas of power and control, these bones now find themselves at the center of the contemporary scenario of Europe’s — delayed — reckoning with its colonial past. From an anthropological point of view, the current potential for repatriation to their native lands (and their capacity to acquire a ‘repatriatable’ status) should not be pinned down to singular meanings. Indeed, from their long museum sojourns and their unfolding repatriation adventures to their troubling stories of colonial acquisition, the reclaimed remains seem to condense diverse temporalities. Analytically speaking, this paper suggests that the bones’ ‘repatriatable status’ does not entail their entrapment within a discursive system of binary oppositions, but their emergence as social persons that could be paralleled to other classical person-like ‘things’ in anthropology: the art objects of Alfred Gell, or the Maussian gift. Through such a theorization, the repatriatable remains are empowered to teach us that the social dramas around their potential return are not necessarily about the infliction of closure, but the activation of incessant cycles of reciprocity. Repatriation then, can be narrated otherwise: not as a story of resolution, but as one of irreducible ambiguity.
Language and Literature, Social sciences (General)
Los grupos de traficantes de droga son agentes predominantes en el escenario de hiperviolencia que lacera a México, y las palabras crimen organizado, cárteles o narcotráfico han sido utilizadas de manera imprecisa o arbitraria para definirlos, lo que propicia desaciertos conceptuales, desviaciones semánticas o viabilizar el intervencionismo y la criminalización. Pero en especial, esos conceptos resultan insuficientes para captar la evolución de dichos agentes, por lo que con la intención de redefinirlos como Redes Transnacionales de Criminalidad (rtc), se asume aquí una posición académica crítica a la postura dominante en materia de seguridad y se dimensiona su incidencia en los planos político, económico y social. El análisis da cuenta de los cambios en la relación agentes criminales-Estado; la división del trabajo al interior de las rtc; el engarce entre capitales lícitos-ilícitos; la inserción del capital criminal en el patrón de acumulación global y la ramificación de sus delitos.
The purpose of this dissertation is to present an overview of the operational and financial performance of airports in Europe. In benchmarking studies, airports are assessed and compared with other airports based on key indicators from a technical and an economic point of view. The interest lies primarily in the question, which key figures can best measure the perception of quality of service from the point of view of the passenger for the services at an airport.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar um tema ainda pouco debatido dentro dos estudos de escravidão, que são os relacionamentos afetivos entre escravizados, com um olhar para a construção das masculinidades. Buscamos entender quais os significados e ajustamentos destes relacionamentos, sobretudo para as mulheres, e como se davam estas relações entre pessoas que dividiam a mesma condição jurídica e de raça, mas não de gênero.
History (General) and history of Europe, History (General)
Fabio Falchi, Riccardo Furgoni, Terrel A. Gallaway
et al.
Light pollution is a worldwide problem that has a range of adverse effects on human health and natural ecosystems. Using data from the New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness, VIIRS-recorded radiance and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data, we compared light pollution levels, and the light flux to the population size and GDP at the State and County levels in the USA and at Regional (NUTS2) and Province (NUTS3) levels in Europe. We found 6800-fold differences between the most and least polluted regions in Europe, 120-fold differences in their light flux per capita, and 267-fold differences in flux per GDP unit. Yet, we found even greater differences between US counties: 200,000-fold differences in sky pollution, 16,000-fold differences in light flux per capita, and 40,000-fold differences in light flux per GDP unit. These findings may inform policy-makers, helping to reduce energy waste and adverse environmental, cultural and health consequences associated with light pollution.
In this paper we have examined the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) in an expanding Friedmann Robertson Walker (FRW) universe filled with different variants of Chaplygin gases. Assuming that the universe is a closed system bounded by the cosmological horizon, we first present the general prescription for the rate of change of total entropy on the boundary. In the subsequent part we have analyzed the validity of the generalised second law of thermodynamics on the cosmological apparent horizon and the cosmological event horizon for different Chaplygin gas models of the universe. The analysis is supported with the help of suitable graphs to clarify the status of the GSLT on the cosmological horizons. In the case of the cosmological apparent horizon we have found that some of these models always obey the GSLT, whereas the validity of GSLT on the cosmological event horizon of all these models depend on the choice of free parameters in the respective models.
Las condiciones climáticas influyeron en los grandes sucesos que agitaron un siglo VII marcado por una profunda crisis. Centrados en la región de Siria-Palestina, los efectos del enfriamiento global están relacionados con la expansión del islam. Asimismo, terremotos y otros fenómenos celestes, acrecentaron la sensación de estar ante el Apocalipsis.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, History (General)
Sin pretender ni mucho menos reabrir a estas alturas un nuevo frente de la añeja, recurrente y tediosa querella conocida como «la polémica de la ciencia española» (se discutía, recordémoslo, acerca de la relevancia de las aportaciones españolas a la filosofía y al saber universales), habría que reconocer de una vez por todas que no han sido precisamente nuestros cultivadores de la teoría política los que más lustre han dado al acervo cultural occidental (ni tampoco, por cierto, a las letras hispánicas). Si, con un poco de ecuanimidad, dejamos de lado a un tiempo las apologías patrioteras del «mérito literario» de España y también la exagerada y quejumbrosa denostación por sistema, la evidencia se impone: no es fácil encontrar en la historia de la España contemporánea teóricos de la política y de lo político de enjundia comparable a la de los clásicos coetáneos del pensamiento político y social ultrapirenaicos.
We explore whether generalised Brans -- Dicke theories, which have a scalar field $Φ$ and a function $ω(Φ)$, can be the effective actions leading to the effective equations of motion of the LQC and the LQC--inspired models, which have a massless scalar field $σ$ and a function $f(m) \;$. We find that this is possible for isotropic cosmology. We relate the pairs $(σ, f)$ and $(Φ, ω)$ and, using examples, illustrate these relations. We find that near the bounce of the LQC evolutions for which $f(m) = sin \; m$, the corresponding field $Φ\to 0$ and the function $ω(Φ) \propto Φ^2 \;$. We also find that the class of generalised Brans -- Dicke theories, which we had found earlier to lead to non singular isotropic evolutions, may be written as an LQC--inspired model. The relations found here in the isotropic cases do not apply to the anisotropic cases, which perhaps require more general effective actions.
Guilherme Raposo, Paolo Pani, Miguel Bezares
et al.
Anisotropic stresses are ubiquitous in nature, but their modeling in General Relativity is poorly understood and frame dependent. We introduce the first study on the dynamical properties of anisotropic self-gravitating fluids in a covariant framework. Our description is particularly useful in the context of tests of the black hole paradigm, wherein ultracompact objects are used as black hole mimickers but otherwise lack a proper theoretical framework. We show that: (i) anisotropic stars can be as compact and as massive as black holes, even for very small anisotropy parameters; (ii) the nonlinear dynamics of the 1+1 system is in good agreement with linearized calculations, and shows that configurations below the maximum mass are nonlinearly stable; (iii) strongly anisotropic stars have vanishing tidal Love numbers in the black-hole limit; (iv) their formation will usually be accompanied by gravitational-wave echoes at late times.