Hasil untuk "Energy conservation"

J. Holechek, H. Geli, M. Sawalhah et al.

Our study evaluated the effectiveness of using eight pathways in combination for a complete to transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy by 2050. These pathways included renewable energy development; improving energy efficiency; increasing energy conservation; carbon taxes; more equitable balancing of human wellbeing and per capita energy use; cap and trade systems; carbon capture, utilization, and storage; and nuclear power development. We used the annual ‘British Petroleum statistical review of world energy 2021’ report as our primary database. Globally, fossil fuels, renewable (primarily hydro, wind and solar), nuclear energy accounted for 83%, 12.6%, and 6.3% of the total energy consumption in 2020. To achieve zero fossil fuel use by 2050, we found that renewable energy production will need to be increased by up to 6-fold or 8-fold if energy demand is held constant at, or increased 50% from, the 2020 energy demand level. Constraining 2050 world energy demand to a 25% increase over the 2020 level, improves the probability of achieving independence from fossil fuels. Improvements in energy efficiency need to accelerate beyond the current rate of ~1.5% per year. Aggressive application of energy conservation policies involving land use and taxation could potentially reduce world energy use by 10% or more by 2050. Our meta-analysis shows that the minimum level of per capita energy consumption that would allow 8 billion people to have a ‘Decent Living Standard’ is on average ~70 GJ per capita per year, which is 93% of the 2020 global average. Developed countries in temperate climates with high vehicle-dependency needed ~120 GJ per capita year−1, whereas equatorial countries with low vehicle-dependency needed 30 GJ per capita year−1. Our meta-analyses indicated replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy by 2050 may be possible but will require aggressive application of all eight pathways, major lifestyle changes in developed countries, and close cooperation among all countries.

J. Hesthaven

W. Ye, J. Heidemann, D. Estrin

Magali A. Delmas, Miriam Fischlein, O. Asensio

Verena Tiefenbeck, T. Staake, K. Roth et al.

Ruud Weijermars, Clement Afagwu, Yakai Tian et al.

Concurrent approaches for estimating storage coefficients (E) of Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) target reservoirs are critically reviewed, and a robust procedure for estimation of such coefficients, which are time-dependent, is proposed. Our method is based on close analogy of what historically is done in hydrocarbon production and reserves estimations using recovery factors (F). Typically, F is computed by first estimating the original hydrocarbons in place (OHIP), then the cumulative production to a certain date (of the economic limit) is computed using production forecasting methods. The production forecast provides an estimated ultimate resource (EUR), and then F follows from the ratio EUR/OHIP. We propose to similarly compute the estimated ultimate storage (EUS) or cumulative injection by forward modeling, using Gaussian-based solutions of the pressure diffusivity equation, and after estimating the total storage resource (TSR), the coefficient E follows from the ratio EUS/TSR. The new method is demonstrated in a case study using representative data from the Porthos GCS Project, which repurposes the depleted P18 gas field (offshore, Dutch shelf area) for geological CO2 sequestration (GCS). The storage coefficient for the P18-6 segment of the Porthos GCS field after 20 years of injection reaches 18 %. In addition to the deterministic storage coefficient estimation, probabilistic values after 20 years of injection for E were estimated: P90-16 %, P50-36 % and P10-59 %. Separately, it is shown how a GCS project in a depleted gas field offers significant operational advantages over storage in saline aquifers. The competitive edge of depleted gas fields over saline aquifers has not been articulated before. The new methods for computing TSR, EUS and E, can handle probabilistic storage resource classification in compliance with the SPE SRMS classification framework for storage resource estimation.

Cosimo Magazzino, Chan Wei Leong, Muhammad Faheem

Abstract This research aims to investigate the intricate relationships among key economic variables within the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) economies during the period 1992–2022. The study scrutinizes the interplay between green finance (GF), non-renewable energy (NRE) consumption, foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The analysis leverages the symmetric and asymmetric autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL estimation methodologies to probe both short-term and long-term associations among these variables. Notably, green finance exhibits a discernible negative and asymmetric correlation with CO2 emissions. This observation signifies that the adoption and implementation of green financial practices contribute substantively to the mitigation of carbon emissions, thereby aligning with environmental conservation objectives. In contrast, FDI, NRE consumption, and GDP display a positive nexus with CO2 emissions. This positive linkage underscores the concomitant rise in pollution levels with increased FDI inflows, higher NRE usage, and economic growth. In light of these empirical insights, this study underscores the pressing significance for the BRICS economies to accord paramount priority to green financing initiatives.

Olalekan A. Babaniyi, Rebecca Rodrigues, Michael S. Richards

The objective of this paper is to evaluate and compare multiple mechanics-based and traditional regularization strategies within a variational image registration framework for quasi-static ultrasound elastography. We reformulate a previously proposed momentum-equation-based post-processing method (SPREME) as a regularization term directly integrated into an image registration energy functional. Four regularization types are implemented and compared: a strain magnitude ([Formula: see text]), a strain magnitude with incompressibility constraint ([Formula: see text]), and a momentum-based regularization under plane strain ([Formula: see text]) and plane stress ([Formula: see text]) assumptions. Registration performance is assessed using synthetic ultrasound image sequences generated from 2D and 3D finite element simulations, as well as experimental phantom data, and displacement and strain field errors, strain contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio are compared. Momentum-based regularization that incorporates momentum conservation outperforms strain-based techniques in elastographic image registration, particularly when applied directly in the optimization framework. This approach improves robustness to noise and model mismatch, offering a promising direction for future displacement-based inverse imaging methods.

Xu Huiming, Wang Lu, Geng Ruoxi et al.

To mitigate global warming, various nations have pledged to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by implementing legislative, policy, and standardization measures. Districts, as key spatial units, are critical for advancing carbon reduction, especially in China, where building operations contribute significantly to total energy consumption. However, systematic research on low-carbon districts remains limited, highlighting the need for robust evaluation frameworks. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three major international low-carbon and sustainable district certification systems: LEED-ND, BREEAM Communities, and DGNB System for Districts. It reveals the unique applications and differences of these systems in the sustainability assessment of districts. Based on the research analysis, all three systems demonstrate significant advantages in lifecycle management, low carbon emissions, resource conservation and social benefits enhancement. However, they exhibit differences in evaluation scope: LEED-ND emphasis on early planning of community design and green infrastructure; BREEAM Communities balances transportation, resource management, and ecological protection; and DGNB System for Districts underscores comprehensive quality control and economic efficiency throughout the lifecycle. The comparison provides insights into practical standards for developing low-carbon districts, offering guidance for establishing localized evaluation frameworks in China. The paper recommends integrating strengths from each system to enhance the management and implementation of zero-carbon districts.

Mengyu Rong, Xianfang Tan, Na Gao et al.

Aqueous zinc-based energy storage systems offer high theoretical specific capacity, low cost, intrinsic safety, and environmental compatibility, positioning them as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage and conversion technologies. However, issues such as zinc dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and surface passivation hinder their practical deployment. To address these challenges, a hollow nanotubular magnesium silicate (denoted MgSi) interfacial layer was constructed on the zinc metal anode (Zn@MgSi). The unique layer structure and negatively charged surface of MgSi facilitate the desolvation of [Zn(H2O)6]2+ by stripping water molecules, while temporarily immobilizing Zn2+ to suppress random diffusion. The combined effects of the electric field-guided Zn2+ distribution and rapid ion transport through the layer structure co-regulate Zn2+ flux, leading to uniform, dendrite-free zinc deposition. Consequently, the Zn@MgSi symmetric cell demonstrates a high Zn2+ transference number (0.64), extended cycling life exceeding 1600 h at 1 mA cm−2, and stable operation for 200 h at 5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, zinc-ion hybrid capacitors employing Zn@MgSi electrodes exhibit excellent cycling stability over 5000 cycles. This work highlights the efficacy of artificial interfacial layers in stabilizing zinc metal anodes and provides valuable insights into the development of advanced aqueous zinc-ion energy storage systems.

Samaneh Aghajari, Cheng-Chen Chen

Unquestionably, hospital patient rooms require a proper lighting design. Dissimilar to cultural and artistic settings, where artistic discourse on light has significant importance, in medical settings, the most crucial conversation refers to standards. Research indicates that light in hospital settings has an impact on a patient’s physical and mental health. Effective lighting in medical settings can enhance the hospital’s positive experience and the speed at which patients recover from their diseases. It can also increase staff attentiveness and productivity. It is also critical to consider reducing electricity consumption in hospital settings that require lighting 24/7. Due to the high cost of lighting, access to natural light in combination with time-of-day controls minimizes energy consumption when daylight is available and impacts the hospital’s bottom line. The effect of light on hospital users was investigated in this article; therefore, it is important to understand both natural and artificial light sources in this regard. Natural light has many benefits for humans, and when it comes to electricity consumption, it is the best method because it is a free source; but, since natural light is not always available and cannot be used throughout the day, there is a need to have an artificial light source that gives the best lighting effect in terms of visual comfort and visual performance for users. Secondly, proper artificial light sources can reduce electricity consumption; hence, these two critical aspects were underlined in this study.

Lucia Mazzapioda, Francesco Piccolo, Alessandra Del Giudice et al.

Abstract Single lithium-ion conducting polymer electrolytes are promising candidates for next generation safer lithium batteries. In this work, Li+-conducting Nafion membranes have been synthesized by using a novel single-step procedure. The Li-Nafion membranes were characterized by means of small-wide angle X-ray scattering, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis, for validating the proposed lithiation method. The obtained membranes were swollen in different organic aprotic solvent mixtures and characterized in terms of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability window, lithium stripping-deposition ability and their interface properties versus lithium metal. The membrane swollen in ethylene carbonate:propylene carbonate (EC:PC, 1:1 w/w) displays good temperature-activated ionic conductivities (σ ≈ 5.5 × 10–4 S cm−1 at 60 °C) and a more stable Li-electrolyte interface with respect to the other samples. This Li-Nafion membrane was tested in a lithium-metal cell adopting LiFePO4 as cathode material. A specific capacity of 140 mAhg−1, after 50 cycles, was achieved at 30 °C, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed Li-Nafion membrane.

Dong Li, Zhan-Wei Cao, Xiang-Qian Xie et al.

Silica aerogel composites have promising applications in high-temperature heat storage insulation. However, the impact of high temperatures and moisture on their insulation performance remains unclear. To reveal the influences of high temperature and moisture absorption property on the heat transfer of silica aerogel composites, an experimental and numerical study was conducted to explore the micromorphology, thermophysical parameters, moisture absorption characteristics, and temperature response. The service temperature limit of the silica aerogel composite has been clarified. Measurements have conducted for the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, specific surface area, density, porosity, and pore size distribution of the heated silica aerogel composite (at temperatures of 600, 800, 1,000, 1,100 and 1,200 °C). The moisture absorption characteristic curve at 20 °C has been obtained. Thermal testing of silica aerogel composites under varying heating temperatures and moisture content has been completed. Additionally, a numerical method has been developed to calculate the temperature curve of moist silica aerogel composites. The insulation performance of silica aerogel composite with varying moisture contents depends on the game between thermal conductivity and latent heat. Compared with the negative effect of the moisture content on insulation performance, the positive influence of moisture evaporation and heat absorption is dominant in situations involving temperatures higher than the phase transition temperature.

Yue Yu, Xinxing Liu, Sam Zhang et al.

Wide-bandgap (WB) mixed-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play a crucial role in perovskite-based tandem solar cells (TSCs), enabling them to exceed the Shockley–Queisser limits of single-junction solar cells. Nonetheless, the lack of stability in WB perovskite films due to photoinduced phase segregation undermines the stability of WB PSCs and their TSCs, thus impeding the commercialization of perovskite-based TSCs. Many efforts have been made to suppress photoinduced phase segregation in WB perovskite films and significant progresses have been obtained. In this review, we elaborate the mechanisms behind photoinduced phase segregation and its impact on the photovoltaic performance and stability of devices. The importance role of advanced characterization techniques in confirming the photoinduced phase segregation are comprehensively summarized. Beyond that, the effective strategies to alleviate photoinduced phase segregation in WB mixed halide PSCs are systematically assessed. Finally, the prospects for developing highly efficient and stable WB PSCs in tandem application are also presented.

Carlos Alberto Saenz Cortez, Johanna Mariel Vilela Saldarriaga

Mediante monitoreos ornitológicos realizados en las ex relaveras de Azalia y Chonta del 9 al 12 de marzo de 2021, ubicadas en el Distrito de Goyllarisquizga (Pasco), se ha determinado que la calidad ambiental es de ponderación Media. Señalándose, además, que es importante la restauración y reforestación de los componentes ecológicos de ellas ya que, según los resultados obtenidos, el 89.06% de las especies encontradas se encuentran registradas en la Lista roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN, catalogadas como Leves según la versión 3.1 de la segunda edición de las Categorías y criterios de la Lista roja de la UICN. Asimismo, el 10.92% de aves son endémicas de la zona, que significaría que solo pueden habitar ese tipo de ecosistemas, y el 3.36% de aves son catalogadas como CITES y se ubican en el Apéndice II de CITES, por lo que se puede concluir que el 89.06% de las especies son sensibles.

Hasan Mehedi, Xiaobin Wang, Shilong Ye et al.

Decarbonization of the power sector in China is an essential aspect of the energy transition process to achieve carbon neutrality. The power sector accounts for approximately 40% of China’s total CO2 emissions. Accordingly, collaborative optimization in power generation expansion planning (GEP) simultaneously considering economic, environmental, and technological concerns as carbon emissions is necessary. This paper proposes a collaborative mixed- integer linear programming optimization approach for GEP. This minimizes the power system’s operating cost to resolve emission concerns considering energy development strategies, flexible generation, and resource limitations constraints. This research further analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of current GEP techniques. Results show that the main determinants of new investment decisions are carbon emissions, reserve margins, resource availability, fuel consumption, and fuel price. The proposed optimization method is simulated and validated based on China’s power system data. Finally, this study provides policy recommendations on the flexible management of traditional power sources, the market-oriented mechanism of new energy sources, and the integration of new technology to support the attainment of carbon-neutral targets in the current energy transition process.

Muhammad Waseem, Sania Batool

This study analyzes the influence of adequate electricity supply on the industrial sector in developing nations, utilizing panel data from 2000 to 2022. Contrary to original beliefs, the study examines industry output as the dependent variable, with renewable energy as the main explanatory factor. The study incorporated control variables such as CO2 emissions, government expenditure, GDP per capita, labor force participation, and gross capital formation. The investigation included panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models, unit root tests, and causality tests. In emerging countries, industrial growth is positively impacted by government spending, labor force involvement, CO2 emissions, and GDP per capita. Developed countries demonstrate favorable impacts on industrial growth through gross fixed capital formation, renewable energy, and other factors, as indicated by the long-term outcomes of the ARDL method. Policymakers in developing nations may contemplate raising government spending in pertinent sectors, encouraging worker engagement, and enacting laws to decrease CO2 emissions based on these findings. Developed countries' authorities should prioritize improving gross fixed capital creation, integrating more renewable energy sources, and sustaining factors boosting industry growth.

Kento Kitada, S. Daub, Yahua Zhang et al.

Walid Osamy, Ahmed M. Khedr

Energy conservation is one of the main challenges hindering the advancement of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in the Internet of Things (IoT). Although various approaches including probabilistic, deterministic, and mixed model based solutions have been proposed to solve the issue of energy conservation in cluster based WSNs, most of them do not consider the node’s heterogeneity in terms of energy as well as transmission rate during the creation or selection of clusters. In this paper, a new Fairness Aware Clustering Scheme (FACS) for heterogeneous WSN is proposed, where we consider heterogeneity of the WS N in terms of transmission rate and energy. In contrast to existing schemes, the proposed FACS provides a set of polices that take care of round operations and improve the network performance and lifetime. In FACS, fuzzy logic is employed to benefit from the heterogeneity of the nodes and to determine the utility of each node. Through extensive simulation, we show that FACS performs efficiently and it outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches in terms of network lifespan, energy, and fairness.

F. Roberti, U. F. Oberegger, E. Lucchi et al.