Hasil untuk "Economics"

Clara Santini

Abstract: This PhD research analyzes the capacity of Territorial Food Projects (TFPs) to strengthen territorial food governance, and the processes through which such strengthening can help institutionalize a process of reterritorialization of the Territorial Food System (TFS). To answer this question, the research combined a survey of Occitanie’s TFPs, case studies and theoretical analyses, with a composite theoretical framework anchored in institutional economics. The thesis demonstrates the ability of TFPs to strengthen the potential for collective action in territories. It first characterizes the uniformity versus diversity of TFPs, between standardization by the national framework and territorial specificities expressed through governance. It then shows that the TFPs plan a systemic and structuring intervention, via an interfacing posture between niches and regime—following the multilevel perspective approach on sociotechnical transitions. Finally, the thesis highlights the contribution of TFP governance, and more specifically the complementarity of its modalities to the activation of four transition levers.

SPULBAR CRISTI , DUPIR MIHAI CATALIN

This article analyses the evolution, structure, and dynamics of the academic literature on green finance in the context of climate change, using a bibliometric approach applied to publications indexed in the Web of Science – Core Collection for the period 2001–2025. The methodology is based on descriptive and relational bibliometric indicators, including the analysis of scientific production, sources, authors’ impact, co-authorship networks, and keyword co occurrence, complemented by thematic maps and temporal analyses of emerging themes, conducted using the Bibliometrix package within the R environment. The results highlight an accelerated growth of academic interest after 2016, with a concentration of publications in economics and finance journals such as Energy Economics, Finance Research Letters, and International Review of Financial Analysis, as well as a polycentric structure of international collaborations dominated by East Asia and Europe. The conceptual analysis reveals three major thematic clusters: the performance and impact of green investments, energy transition and sustainable economic growth, and systemic risks and financial stability. The emergence of themes such as financial digitalisation, fintech, and artificial intelligence indicates recent directions of research diversification. The article contributes by providing a systematic mapping of a rapidly maturing field and by identifying epistemic gaps, highlighting the need to expand comparative studies, interdisciplinary approaches, and analyses of green finance in emerging and transition economies.

Longfei Li, Zhuxuan Tan, Liuting Li et al.

Abstract Key message Evergreen and deciduous species in a subtropical urban forest of Eastern China exhibit pronounced differences in leaf traits, with evergreens species showing lower photosynthetic rate on a leaf mass basis and leaf nutrient contents, but higher leaf mass per area ratio, leaf thickness, leaf carbon content, and leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, whereas deciduous species show the opposite pattern, reflecting distinct resource-use characteristics. In addition, leaf economic and hydraulic traits are coordinated, with higher vein density associated with higher scores along the leaf economics spectrum PCA axis, reflecting resource-acquisitive characteristics and highlighting vein density as a key trait linking water transport capacity to carbon economy. Context Understanding how leaf economics and hydraulic traits vary and interact among different plant growth forms and leaf habits is essential for elucidating plant adaptability. However, the coupling of these two trait dimensions remains unclear within urban forest ecosystems where environmental conditions differ significantly from natural forests. Aims This study aimed to investigate variation and coordination between leaf economics and hydraulic traits among woody species in a subtropical urban forest of Eastern China, focusing on differences between leaf habits and growth forms. Methods We measured 10 leaf economic traits and 4 hydraulic traits across 53 woody species from a subtropical urban forest. Results Evergreen species exhibited lower photosynthetic rate on a leaf mass basis, leaf nutrient contents, and higher leaf mass per area ratio, leaf thickness, leaf carbon content, and leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, consistent with resource-conserving characteristics. Deciduous species showed higher values of these parameters, indicative of rapid resource acquisition. Shrubs displayed significantly higher phosphorous content in leaves than trees. Vein density was positively correlated with the leaf economic spectrum. Conclusion These findings reveal a coordination between leaf hydraulic and economic traits. This coupling highlights the balance between water transport and resource acquisition characteristics.

Dmitry Yu. Fedotov

The instability of economic processes fuels the inconsistency of the revenue flow to the budget system. In order to overcome the cyclical nature of the budget process, which depends on cyclical fluctuations of economic conditions, fiscal rules are actively applied worldwide. The purpose of the study is to assess the countercyclical effect of the budget rules in force in Russia. The theory of economic cycles constitutes the methodological basis of the research. The paper employs structural, logical and comparative analysis, elaboration, scientific generalisation, and correlation analysis. The evidence is the data obtained from the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia for 2000–2023. The paper examines business cycles in Russia, as well as the cycles of revenues and expenditures of the consolidated budget, the cycles of formation and use of Russian sovereign wealth funds over the indicated period. The correlation analysis found that the revenues of the consolidated budget of Russia are procyclical with the correlation coefficient of the budget revenues and GDP growth rates equal to 0.8029. The procyclical nature of the budget expenditures has decreased due to the fiscal rules applied since 2004 with the correlation coefficient of the budget expenditures and GDP growth rates amounting to 0.5223. However, the procyclical nature of budget expenditures has not been overcome completely. Among them only the procyclical nature of healthcare expenditures has been reduced, while budget expenditures on education and housing and utilities keep on being significantly and to a greater extent dependent on the fluctuations of economic conditions. The paper proposes invoking the principle of fixed expenditures when applying budget rules, which assumes avoiding a decrease in budget expenditures compared to the previous year, calculated at comparable prices.

Наталія Калугіна, Людмила Галан, Олена Івасенко

Статтю присвячено дослідженню впливу цифрових інновацій на розвиток маркетингових стратегій українських компаній, що є важливим аспектом сучасного бізнес-середовища. Актуальність теми зумовлена необхідністю адаптації українських компаній до швидких змін у цифровому середовищі, де інноваційні технології стають важливими інструментами ефективної реалізації маркетингових стратегій. Результати дослідження свідчать, що цифрові технології є вагомим елементом трансформації бізнес-процесів. Наголошено на важливості впровадження персоналізованих рішень для клієнтів, що є одним з основних напрямів у сфері маркетингу. У висновках підсумовано, що сучасні технології, зокрема цифрові інновації, значно змінюють підходи до розроблення та реалізації маркетингових стратегій українських компаній, що дозволяє підвищити їхню ефективність і зміцнити позиції на ринку, сприяючи сталому розвитку та досягненню успіху в цифровому середовищі.

Xuejie Gao, Xuejie Gao, Yuyun Chen et al.

ObjectiveThis study examines the association between serum vitamin D levels and the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adolescents, along with potential modifying factors.MethodsData from 950 adolescents aged 12–18 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 were analyzed. MAFLD was defined using hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction criteria. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured, and weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess their association with MAFLD risk. Stratified analyses were also conducted.ResultsLower serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with higher MAFLD risk (p < 0.001), showing a nonlinear dose-response relationship. Adolescents with 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L had a 57% lower risk of MAFLD compared to those with levels < 50 nmol/L. Stratified analysis indicated that the protective effect of vitamin D was more evident in individuals with higher retinol levels, though retinol alone was not significantly associated with MAFLD.ConclusionVitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with MAFLD in adolescents, with a nonlinear dose-response relationship modulated by retinol status. These findings underscore the potential role of vitamin D in MAFLD prevention and provide a basis for further prospective or intervention studies.

Chunge Cao, Dajun Cai, Hao Liu et al.

IntroductionThe relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and cervical cancer is inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between SUA levels and cervical cancer incidence, and to evaluate the potential role of nutritional interventions in cervical cancer prevention.MethodsWe conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic instruments from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of individuals of predominantly European ancestry. Methods such as inversevariance weighted, weighted-median, weighted model, and MR-Egger were applied. Sensitivity tests, including leave-one-out, MR-PRESSO, and Cochran’s Q test, assessed heterogeneity and pleiotropy.ResultsOur findings revealed that a high SUA concentration significantly increased the risk of malignant cervical cancer: a 1 mg/mL increase in SUA was associated with a 71% higher risk (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.10–2.67; p = 0.018). Stratification by histological type showed a significant causal effect on cervical adenocarcinoma risk (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.14–5.73; p = 0.023). However, no clear evidence was found for a causal effect of cervical cancer on SUA levels.ConclusionThis study identified a causal relationship between elevated SUA levels and the risk of malignant cervical cancer, particularly cervical adenocarcinoma. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis and suggest that managing SUA levels could be a potential strategy for cervical cancer prevention through dietary management.

Omran Gheisar, Sima Eskandari Sabzi, ali salmanpour et al.

The trend of population growth in the last three decades will cause extensive changes in the age structure of Iran's population. So that it can be one of the most important challenges of the country in the coming decades. This development will have different effects and consequences in the process of social, economic and political development. In this research, with the aim of dynamic analysis of the economic effects of the structural changes of the age groups (the age group of the workforce) of Iran's population in the coming decades until 1455, and then the role of women's labor force in the process of gross domestic product is studied and review puts. Therefore, this research aims to understand more about the structural changes of the population in four age groups (under 15 years, between 15 to 44 years, 45 to 64 years and over 65 years) in the past decades, the present and its future forecast; Using the global model "World3" modeling of dynamic systems to simulate the country's population trend from 1355 to 1455, with "Vensim" software, it has predicted the structural changes of the population. Forecasts show that based on the probable fertility rate of 1.6 (announcement of the researches of the Statistics Center), the growth trend of the entire country's population will be increasing until 1425, and the trend will decrease from this year onwards. Also, until 1455, the growth trend of the population in the age group below 15 years will be decreasing, and the growth trend in the age group of the workforce (between 15-44 years, 45-64 years) will increase until 1415, and from this year onwards, the trend will decrease. According to the forecast, the growth trend in the age group above 65 years will increase. The findings show that the demographic trend of working age will happen about 10 years earlier than the decreasing trend of the total population. Therefore, to compensate for the deficit of economically active labor and improve the production process and increase per capita; Considering the existing capacity in the country, increasing the employment of women will be one of the most effective solutions in this crisis. In the following, a dynamic economic model is presented using Solow's growth model. To show how the effects of changes in the labor force pattern will be on the growth process of gross domestic production. Then the operational scenarios related to increasing the employment of women in the growth of production and the growth and development of the country; Provided. Also, practical and operational suggestions have been presented regarding how to reduce the side effects of population structural changes and its negative effects on the growth of domestic production (GDP) by establishing women's employment in the country's economic cycle.

Hongli Yang, Guohui Yu, Ivan Ganchev Ivanov

In this paper, we investigate a Lyapunov trajectory tracking design method that incorporates a Schrödinger equation with a dipole subterm and polarizability. Our findings suggest that the proposed control law can overcome the limitations of certain existing control laws that do not converge. By integrating a quadratic performance index, we introduce an optimal control law, which we subsequently analyze for stability and optimality. We also simulate the spin-1/2 particle system to illustrate our results. These findings are further validated through numerical illustrations involving a 3D, 5D system, and a spin-1/2 particle system.

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Dieter Schrenk, Margherita Bignami et al.

Abstract The European Commission requested EFSA to provide an assessment of the processing conditions which make Ambrosia seeds non‐viable in feed materials and compound feed. This assessment also includes information on a reliable procedure to verify the non‐viability of the seeds. Ambrosia seeds are known contaminants in feed with maximum levels set in the Directive 2002/32/EC. The manufacturing processes and processing conditions applied to the feed may affect the viability of the Ambrosia seeds. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel compared these conditions with conditions that have been shown to be sufficient to render Ambrosia seeds non‐viable. The Panel concluded with a certainty of 99–100% that solvent extraction and toasting of oilseed meals at temperatures of 120°C with steam injection for 10 min or more will make Ambrosia seeds non‐viable. Since milling/grinding feed materials for compound feed of piglets, aquatic species and non‐food producing animals would not allow particles of sizes ≥1 mm (the minimum size of viable Ambrosia seeds) passing the grinding process it was considered very likely (with ≥ 90% certainty) that these feeds will not contain viable Ambrosia seeds. In poultry, pig, and possibly cattle feed, particle sizes are ≥ 1 mm and therefore Ambrosia seeds could likely (66–90% certainty) survive the grinding process. Starch and gluten either from corn or wheat wet milling would not contain Ambrosia seeds with 99–100% certainty. Finally, ensiling fresh forages contaminated with A. artemisiifolia seeds for more than 3 months is very likely to render all seeds non‐viable. The Panel concluded that a combination of the germination test and a subsequent triphenyl‐tetrazolium‐chloride (TTC) test will very likely (with ≥ 90% certainty) verify the non‐viability of Ambrosia seeds. The Panel recommends that data on the presence of viable Ambrosia seeds before and after the different feed production processes should be generated.

Fateme Abedini, Manijeh Bahrainizad, Majid Esmaeilpour

Objective The current concern about food product consumption and demand for green products highlights the need to pay attention to their pricing. The main purpose of this study is to measure the impact of price tags and green labels on the purchase intention of different population groups.   Methodology The present study is applied in terms of purpose and experimental in terms of method. Initially, a website was designed and a food product (hamburger) was offered to the customers in two modes of green and normal, at both high and low prices. The statistical samples who were selected from social networks visited these retailers and received a questionnaire link on the website page. They expressed their intention to buy the selected product through the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed through one-way ANOVA and factor analysis.   Findings Based on the obtained results, in groups who chose high-priced green products, the average purchase intention level to buy green products was higher. Accordingly, higher prices of green products were acceptable to consumers i.e., consumers' perceptions of the relationship between price, quality, or the features added to the product. Further, the average intention to buy green products by individuals who chose more expensive green products was higher compared to the intention level of those who bought non-green products at lower price levels. However, there was no difference in the average intention of the customers who bought green products at lower prices compared to the intention of those who purchased non-green products at higher prices. In addition, differences in price levels, considering the interaction of green characteristics, directly affected the intention to buy green products. No difference was observed in purchase intention in the male and female groups, but there was a significant difference in purchase intention of the product among customers with different educational and income levels.   Conclusion According to the findings, marketers should be careful in the pricing of green products to increase the likelihood of their customers’ intention to buy. They are advised to provide strategies to ensure the quality of green products. One of these strategies is using valid green certificates on product packaging that indicate the quality of green products in domestic and international markets. Since no difference was found among male and female consumers in terms of intention to buy green products at high or low prices, marketers are advised to focus on other demographic features that may affect consumers' purchasing intention.

Carlos Jorge Lenczewski Martins

The continuous debate and research related to High Frequency Trading emphasises the importance of performing analysis on topics associated with the interaction of traders with different trading speeds, and the effects of this interaction on price efficiency and market quality. The aim of this paper is directly related to the analysis on how information diffusion may affect order submission decisions of traders, with different trading speeds and how these may affect price efficiency or market quality. The incorporation of information in submitted orders evidently affects prices, but it may also affect market quality for different reasons e.g., the use of low-quality information, or the fact that slower traders may be considering information that has already been incorporated in the market prices by faster traders, hence leading to the mispricing of the fair value. This paper provides findings on the above-mentioned topics, based on a literature review - both theoretical or of empirical studies (which are scarcely available) and leads to the conclusion that High Frequency Traders could be treated as natural “insider traders” leading to significant price efficiency, as understood by the Efficient Market Hypothesis.

Sandipan Sikdar, Rachneet Sachdeva, Johannes Wachs et al.

This work quantifies the effects of signaling gender through gender specific user names, on the success of reviews written on the popular amazon.com shopping platform. Highly rated reviews play an important role in e-commerce since they are prominently displayed next to products. Differences in reviews, perceived—consciously or unconsciously—with respect to gender signals, can lead to crucial biases in determining what content and perspectives are represented among top reviews. To investigate this, we extract signals of author gender from user names to select reviews where the author’s likely gender can be inferred. Using reviews authored by these gender-signaling authors, we train a deep learning classifier to quantify the gendered writing style (i.e., gendered performance) of reviews written by authors who do not send clear gender signals via their user name. We contrast the effects of gender signaling and performance on the review helpfulness ratings using matching experiments. This is aimed at understanding if an advantage is to be gained by (not) signaling one’s gender when posting reviews. While we find no general trend that gendered signals or performances influence overall review success, we find strong context-specific effects. For example, reviews in product categories such as Electronics or Computers are perceived as less helpful when authors signal that they are likely woman, but are received as more helpful in categories such as Beauty or Clothing. In addition to these interesting findings, we believe this general chain of tools could be deployed across various social media platforms.

Reza Golpira, Zahra Azadmanjir, Javad Zarei et al.

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) has been used for many years in many countries to manage health information. The World Health Organization (WHO) will soon replace ICD-10 with the International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11 MMS or ICD-11). The transition to ICD-11 requires the acquisition of the right information for the right policymaking to manage the transitional period. As one of these countries, Iran has initiated a plan to implement ICD-11. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methodologies of our evaluation studies on the implementation of ICD-11 for morbidity coding. We established scientific and executive committees of the study at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) and coordinated our implementation with the WHO. The scientific committee developed the necessary training curriculum in the form of workshops and mentoring courses. We also developed five independent sub-studies with different and related goals to answer the questions considered important by the MOHME and the WHO. The purposes of these sub-studies are to compare the accuracy of coding with ICD-11 and ICD-10, to compare the coding time with ICD-11 and ICD-10, to evaluate the ICD-11 content to cover diagnoses documented in medical records and identify non-covered terms, to evaluate the quality of clinical documentation needed for coding with ICD-11 and the impact of training on clinical documentation, as well as to understand coders' perspectives on barriers, problems, and opportunities for ICD-11 implementation and its utility. During these sub-studies, over 2000 medical records in two teaching and non-teaching hospitals will be evaluated over a period of five months.In this paper, we discussed our model for conducting evaluation studies and the complete methodologies of these studies, the questions that will be answered during the implementation, and the scientific contribution and policy implication of these questions and sub-studies. Because other countries have started or will start implementing ICD-11 soon, they can use our protocol to tailor their pilot implementations concerning their circumstances and local considerations.

K. A. Grigorian, A. I. Volchkov, V. P. Dyganov et al.

Objective: to assess the compliance of traditional approaches to IT projects legal maintenance with the modern methods of organizing the process of digital products development, to identify the existing problems in this area and suggest possible ways to resolve them. Methods: the research used the logical method and the method of analyzing judicial practice, the inductive method, the method of comparison, and the method of scientific abstraction. Results: digitalization facilitated the development of the services market for IT projects and their maintenance. Legal maintenance of such projects often faces a significant discrepancy between the positions of the customer and the contractor, especially when part of the project is accomplished. Based on the analysis of judicial practice of IT projects using the Agile methodology, the most significant and problematic legal aspects of implementation were identified, and conflict situations between customers and performers of IT projects were analyzed.Scientific novelty: five key problems of IT projects legal maintenance that use flexible management methods are identified. A universal model for implementing legal functions in Agile projects is proposed.Practical significance: the proposed scheme of legal maintenance of IT projects can be used to regulate the legal relationships of their participants and may help to reduce the conflict level and speed up the process of digital products development using the Agile methodology.

Maria Cecilia Mancini, Claudio Consiglieri

Typical products can contribute to socio-economic development of their place of origin if they are able to take part in the logic of the global market. The aim of this research is to examine one type of innovation, the use of PDO products as ingredients, as a part of a strategy to re-launch PDO products which have a mature market. The evolution of the concept of innovation is discussed; innovation is then considered in relation to product life cycle and information asymmetry. There is then a case study on the use of PDO Parmigiano Reggiano cheese as an ingredient in industrial processing. This case shows that even incremental innovation can have serious effects for the market when it is applied on production phases which lie outside the direct control of the PDO producers. In order to protect the consumer as well as the PDO producer, it would be advisable for new legislation to regulate in more detail innovation involving products bearing origin certificates.

E ansari, Sh vosoghi

Background and aims: According to the International Labour Organization, 17% of fatal accidents occur in construction projects and development Workshop. While this number in Iran according to the Labor Department is 46%. In developing Asian countries that are in the process of rapid industrialization occupational accidents is rising. Due to the economic difficulties caused by the sanctions and the poor production in the country, the attention and cost of the HSE course is certainly facing many problems that this is a restriction to the health and safety of their work force in the construction project that mutually accidents and unhealthy forces leading to lower economic growth rate of oil and gas projects and ultimately reduce the rate of economic growth in the country. Hence, the purpose of this research was conducted in an active project in the field of refinery construction, the investigation on effects of development and improvement factors of performance of safety-economy on average working lost days that results of this evaluation leads to corrects for the attribution of related budget of HSE and reduction of cost in an active company in the construction of refineries. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the correlation between economic indices and performance indices compared to the average working lost days and the relationship between these indices in a refinery construction project over 5 years by using the Pearson test and SPSS software. Results: The results of analysis showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the average working lost days within economic indices with the ratio cost of mental events to the total cost of project.(P value <0.001). In addition, there is a significant and negative correlation with the ratio of per capita expenditure of personal protective equipment to the per capita project expenditure (p value <0.05). Conclusion: With analysis of the results was determined that no cost of personal protective canbe cause accident such as disability or deceased and causes disorders workshop process. Furthermore, these events indicators FSR, ISR, IFR increase the ratio cost of spent resources incurred to comply with health and safety work to the total reality cost and the ratio cost of individual events to the total cost of the project and leads to the average number of working lost days. Therefore, perception of relation between safety performance and economic indices in construction projects and equipping employeechr('39')s to standard personal protective equipment and enough training about observance of principles and rules of HSE can reduce accident and finally decrease average of last working days.

Zainal Arifin

Di tengah harga saham yang tidak kunjung membaik, mulai pertengahan tahun 1992 banyak perusahaan mencari sumber lain untuk membiayai investasinya dengan menawarkan obligasi pada bulan Juni. Kemudian disusul perusahaan-perusahaan lain termasuk PLN yang permintaan obligasinya sampai oversubscribed.

Jelena Titko, Jelena Stankevičienė, Nataļja Lāce

The paper aims to improve the methodology of measuring efficiency of Latvian banks. Efficiency scores were calculated with application of non-parametric frontier technique Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Input-oriented DEA model under Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) assumption was used. Potential model variables were selected based on the intermediation and profitability approach. Fourteen alternative models with different inputs-outputs combinations were developed for the research purposes. To substantiate the variables selection for DEA model the received data was processed, using such methods, as correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, analysis of mean values, and two-samples Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The research results assisted the authors in providing general recommendations about the variables selection for DEA application in the Latvian banking sector. The present research contributes to the existing analytical data on bank performance in Latvia. The empirical findings provide a background for further studies, in particular, the efficiency of Latvian banks could be analysed in the extended time period.