Hasil untuk "Drawing. Design. Illustration"

Graphic biographical fiction often blurs the lines between fact and fiction, which renders it a powerful medium for exploring the fluidity of identity. Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club 2 (2015), the graphic novel sequel to Fight Club (1996), which features the author himself as a character within his story brings forth complex questions regarding self-representation, identity, and the author’s legacy. Drawing on theories of graphic and literary narratology and, identity, this article discusses identity as well as how the genre’s blend of image and text uniquely challenges readers to reconsider the separation between an author’s fictionalized persona and his “true” self as well as the implications of fictionalized self-portrayal in the realm of graphic biographical fiction.

Michael A. Bekos, Giordano Da Lozzo, Fabrizio Frati et al.

A well-known result by Kant [Algorithmica, 1996] implies that n-vertex outerplane graphs admit embedding-preserving planar straight-line grid drawings where the internal faces are convex polygons in $O(n^2)$ area. In this paper, we present an algorithm to compute such drawings in $O(n^{1.5})$ area. We also consider outerplanar drawings in which the internal faces are required to be strictly-convex polygons. In this setting, we consider outerplanar graphs whose weak dual is a path and give a drawing algorithm that achieves $Θ(nk^2)$ area, where $k$ is the maximum size of an internal facial cycle.

Giordano Andreola, Susanna Caroppo, Giuseppe Di Battista et al.

Several algorithms for the construction of orthogonal drawings of graphs, including those based on the Topology-Shape-Metrics (TSM) paradigm, tend to prioritize the minimization of crossings. This emphasis has two notable side effects: some edges are drawn with unnecessarily long sequences of segments and bends, and the overall drawing area may become excessively large. As a result, the produced drawings often lack geometric uniformity. Moreover, orthogonal crossings are known to have a limited impact on readability, suggesting that crossing minimization may not always be the optimal goal. In this paper, we introduce a methodology that 'subverts' the traditional TSM pipeline by focusing on minimizing bends. Given a graph $G$, we ideally seek to construct a rectilinear drawing of $G$, that is, an orthogonal drawing with no bends. When not possible, we incrementally subdivide the edges of $G$ by introducing dummy vertices that will (possibly) correspond to bends in the final drawing. This process continues until a rectilinear drawing of a subdivision of the graph is found, after which the final coordinates are computed. We tackle the (NP-complete) rectilinear drawability problem by encoding it as a SAT formula and solving it with state-of-the-art SAT solvers. If the SAT formula is unsatisfiable, we use the solver's proof to determine which edge to subdivide. Our implementation, DOMUS, which is fairly simple, is evaluated through extensive experiments on small- to medium-sized graphs. The results show that it consistently outperforms OGDF's TSM-based approach across most standard graph drawing metrics.

Chuang Chen, Xiaoxuan Xie, Yongming Zhang et al.

Creating high-quality anime illustrations presents notable challenges, particularly for beginners, due to the intricate styles and fine details inherent in anime art. We present an interactive drawing guidance system specifically designed for anime illustrations to address this issue. It offers real-time guidance to help users refine their work and streamline the creative process. Our system is built upon the StreamDiffusion pipeline to deliver real-time drawing assistance. We fine-tune Stable Diffusion with LoRA to synthesize anime style RGB images from user-provided hand-drawn sketches and prompts. Leveraging the Informative Drawings model, we transform these RGB images into rough sketches, which are further refined into structured guidance sketches using a custom-designed optimizer. The proposed system offers precise, real-time guidance aligned with the creative intent of the user, significantly enhancing both the efficiency and accuracy of the drawing process. To assess the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted a user study, gathering empirical feedback on both system performance and interface usability.

Cristiana Bartolomei, Caterina Morganti

This paper offers a critical and original reading of Friedensreich Hundertwasser’s work, focusing on the continuity between his visual language in painting and architecture. Moving beyond symbolic or stylistic interpretations, the analysis introduces the concept of atmospheric drawing: a perceptual grammar in which color, line, and texture do not merely represent but generate multisensory and affective environments. Hundertwasser’s graphic signs –spirals, organic curves, chromatic contrasts– are interpreted as compositional devices that activate emotional responses and structure space, both pictorial and architectural. By comparing specific paintings such as Irinaland over the Balkans with buildings like the Hundertwasserhaus or the Waldspirale, the article demonstrates how drawing operates as a generative process that redefines the relationship between humans, architecture, and nature. The concept of the ‘third skin’ is reexamined as a sensory interface, mediating the boundaries between interiority and landscape. Finally, the paper proposes the idea of visual ecology as a framework for understanding drawing as a critical and environmental practice. In doing so, it positions Hundertwasser’s work as a living laboratory for rethinking the role of drawing, not as a static representation of reality, but as a creative tool for shaping how we perceive, inhabit, and imagine the world.

W Hokenmaier, R Jurasek, E Bowen et al.

Why do security cameras, sensors, and siri use cloud servers instead of on-board computation? The lack of very-low-power, high-performance chips greatly limits the ability to field untethered edge devices. We present the NV-1, a new low-power ASIC AI processor that greatly accelerates parallel processing (> 10X) with dramatic reduction in energy consumption (> 100X), via many parallel combined processor-memory units, i.e., a drastically non-von-Neumann architecture, allowing very large numbers of independent processing streams without bottlenecks due to typical monolithic memory. The current initial prototype fab arises from a successful co-development effort between algorithm- and software-driven architectural design and VLSI design realities. An innovative communication protocol minimizes power usage, and data transport costs among nodes were vastly reduced by eliminating the address bus, through local target address matching. Throughout the development process, the software and architecture teams were able to innovate alongside the circuit design team's implementation effort. A digital twin of the proposed hardware was developed early on to ensure that the technical implementation met the architectural specifications, and indeed the predicted performance metrics have now been thoroughly verified in real hardware test data. The resulting device is currently being used in a fielded edge sensor application; additional proofs of principle are in progress demonstrating the proof on the ground of this new real-world extremely low-power high-performance ASIC device.

David Leandro Aguilar Álvarez

Drawing and illustration, in any academic field, can become powerful tools for research. In many cases, they allow us to approach the object of study —whether a plant, an animal, or an inanimate object— in a more intimate way, since the act of drawing demands a detailed analysis and careful observation of what we want to represent. First, we must understand that —from the point of view of Fernando Vásquez Rodríguez— “seeing” must become “looking,” and that it is not only about using our eyes, but about learning that “to look” can also mean “to touch.” How could we recognize the softness of a feather or the roughness of a rock without having touched them? Scientific illustration invites us to explore, through various exercises, some basic notions for approaching observation and representation —through drawing— of animals, plants, etc. Furthermore, it proposes understanding how “seeing” can extend to the sense of touch.

Alvin Chiu, David Eppstein, Michael T. Goodrich

We study methods to manipulate weights in stress-graph embeddings to improve convex straight-line planar drawings of 3-connected planar graphs. Stress-graph embeddings are weighted versions of Tutte embeddings, where solving a linear system places vertices at a minimum-energy configuration for a system of springs. A major drawback of the unweighted Tutte embedding is that it often results in drawings with exponential area. We present a number of approaches for choosing better weights. One approach constructs weights (in linear time) that uniformly spread all vertices in a chosen direction, such as parallel to the $x$- or $y$-axis. A second approach morphs $x$- and $y$-spread drawings to produce a more aesthetically pleasing and uncluttered drawing. We further explore a "kaleidoscope" paradigm for this $xy$-morph approach, where we rotate the coordinate axes so as to find the best spreads and morphs. A third approach chooses the weight of each edge according to its depth in a spanning tree rooted at the outer vertices, such as a Schnyder wood or BFS tree, in order to pull vertices closer to the boundary.

Olivier Bernardi, Éric Fusy, Shizhe Liang

We define some Schnyder-type combinatorial structures on a class of planar triangulations of the pentagon which are closely related to 5-connected triangulations. The combinatorial structures have three incarnations defined in terms of orientations, corner-labelings, and woods respectively. The wood incarnation consists in 5 spanning trees crossing each other in an orderly fashion. Similarly as for Schnyder woods on triangulations, it induces, for each vertex, a partition of the inner triangles into face-connected regions (5~regions here). We show that the induced barycentric vertex-placement, where each vertex is at the barycenter of the 5 outer vertices with weights given by the number of faces in each region, yields a planar straight-line drawing.

Csaba D. Tóth

It is shown that every $n$-vertex graph that admits a 2-bend RAC drawing in the plane, where the edges are polylines with two bends per edge and any pair of edges can only cross at a right angle, has at most $20n-24$ edges for $n\geq 3$. This improves upon the previous upper bound of $74.2n$; this is the first improvement in more than 12 years. A crucial ingredient of the proof is an upper bound on the size of plane multigraphs with polyline edges in which the first and last segments are either parallel or orthogonal.

Evelyn M. T. Ambarita, Khaerul Saleh

This study aims to improve the illustration drawing skills of class VIII students by using learning videos during online learning. Providing learning videos in the learning process is used as a medium that helps students improve their abilities in learning to draw illustrations. The learning video will explain the theory and the process of drawing illustrations. This research is quantitative by using experimental research using the One-Group Pretest – Posttest Design. In this design, data collection will be carried out with only one group without using a comparison, which will be given a pretest, treatment (behavior) and posttest to determine the improvement that occurs after being given a learning video. The research population is class VIII SMP Negeri 40 Medan with a sample of 62 students. The data obtained will be processed with SPSS 20. The results showed that there was an increase in the ability to draw illustrations in the experimental class using learning videos, with an average pretest score of 75.55 and posttest 85.97. The results show that Ha is accepted which can be seen from the value of tcount 13.621 > ttable 2.042, so that it is obtained that there is an effect of learning videos in the experimental class in improving the ability to draw illustrations.

Oswin Aichholzer, Kristin Knorr, Wolfgang Mulzer et al.

For a simple drawing $D$ of the complete graph $K_n$, two (plane) subdrawings are compatible if their union is plane. Let $\mathcal{T}_D$ be the set of all plane spanning trees on $D$ and $\mathcal{F}(\mathcal{T}_D)$ be the compatibility graph that has a vertex for each element in $\mathcal{T}_D$ and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding trees are compatible. We show, on the one hand, that $\mathcal{F}(\mathcal{T}_D)$ is connected if $D$ is a cylindrical, monotone, or strongly c-monotone drawing. On the other hand, we show that the subgraph of $\mathcal{F}(\mathcal{T}_D)$ induced by stars, double stars, and twin stars is also connected. In all cases the diameter of the corresponding compatibility graph is at most linear in $n$.

Vincenzo Maselli, Giulia Panadisi

In recent years, co-creation and collaboration platforms to create and deliver new products and services have taken a step forward; this has led to the development of a new active involvement of users, who from co-designers have become independent designers, even if not experts. Co-design is dynamic and provides the tools to generate democratic design processes guided by the users themselves. The democratization of design tools is the premise for a new paradigm defined ‘Diffuse Design’ by Manzini (2015). This contribution explores the approaches of open design and open production with particular attention to the field of visual communication and the production of motion design artifacts. After an introduction to the co-design framework, the main open-production visual communication platforms are presented to offer an overview of the topic. Next, the potential of online platforms to enable non-designers to produce animated artifacts is explored by examining student projects in a motion design University course. The most significant outputs of the student experience are then described and critically analyzed. Finally, the conclusions investigate the different perspectives for reading the democratization of tools for creating visual artifacts and lay the foundations for future lines of research.

M. Saiful, Dewan Mahboob Hossain

Laura Succini, Margherita Ascari, Elena Formia et al.

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is considered at EU level as a cross-cutting priority to encourage societal actors to work together during the whole research and innovation process, aligning results and outcomes with the values, needs and expectations of society. In order to investigate the relation between Design Cultures and the multi-level perspective of RRI principles, the Advanced Design Unit of the University of Bologna has launched the 2020-2021 Winter School “Design for Responsible Innovation” working on multiple ecosystems (Italy, Mexico and Chile) with their own territorial capital. The Winter School represented a first experimentation of a methodological approach that was gradually co-designed among the research groups involved, in order to work on an inclusive and non-hegemonic knowledge system. The relationship between the RRI dimension and the design disciplines has led to the creation of an iterative framework, in which the methodological approach has allowed to identify actions and tools to investigate and test how the processes and practices of Design, integrated with the RRI approach, could help to activate dynamic processes within social actors at transnational scale, and can facilitate the design of product-systems able to contribute to the big challenges of the present. The description of two experiences about Gender Equality topic, led the discussion about current educational design model that moves from local to the international dimension. The mutual exchange among teachers, young designers, and institutions creates new learning opportunities beyond territorial borders, introducing the Responsible Thinking and Education as a key to train future designers, able to take a role in mixed groups of interest and power

Gabrielle Durepos, Terrance Weatherbee, A. Mills

Purpose This paper features a critique of the treatment of time in modern and postmodern historical organization studies. The authors reply to the critique by drawing on Lefebvre’s notion of rhythm to theorize time in an amodern condition. The purpose of this study is to call on historical organization studies scholars to theoretically engage with time. Design/methodology/approach After a pointed literature review of the treatment of time in modern and postmodern historical organization studies, an ANTi-History approach to time is developed through an exploration of how rhythm can inform key ANTi-History facets. Findings New insights on key ANTi-History facets are developed in relation to time. These include seeing the past as history through rhythmic actor-networks, a description of relationalism informed by situated rhythms, a suggestion that the performative aspect of history is rhythmic and an illustration of what one might see if they watched an amodern historian at work. Originality/value Lefebvre’s concept of rhythm has been largely neglected in historiography and historical organization studies. Rhythm offers a way to understand time in relation to situated actor practices as opposed to the universal clock or chronological time.

Luca Rossato

The first edition of the Summer School “After the Damages” ended in July 2020. The initiative aimed at increasing both the resilience capacity (natural and anthropic) and the mitigating and management aspects in case of catastrophic or calamitous events. Starting from the assumption that the damages caused by such situations and their consequences, which generally have a major impact on society, cannot be quickly solved, the training course worked on the limits of tolerance to their effects, aiming at their possible increase in order to reduce the level of potential disaster (read more).

María Victoria Martínez Vérez, Antonio Montero Seoane

El objeto del estudio es, primeramente, describir y analizar las aportaciones didácticas de la acción performativa a los procesos relacionales de enseñanza y aprendizaje de docentes y estudiantes de formación profesional y grado de educación infantil. Y posteriormente, realizar una comparación entre las similitudes y diferencias de las respuestas de ambos colectivos con relación a su percepción y valoración de la experiencia compartida. La propuesta artística de la obra de la artista japonesa Chiharu Shiota, basada en el encuentro y la construcción de la identidad a través de espacios y objetos simbólicos, sirve de contexto para diseñar la acción comunitaria. La metodología de investigación utilizada tiene un carácter mixto, de orientación cualitativa a través de análisis cuantitativos y también carácter exploratorio y holístico. Se desarrollaron instrumentos para la investigación consistentes en grupos de discusión de estudiantes y docentes con la finalidad de obtener información sobre los procesos relacionales que tienen lugar en la acción performativa y analizar su aplicabilidad en el ámbito educativo. Posteriormente, mediante entrevistas en grupo y a través de la palabra, se solicitó a todos los participantes que expresaran las vivencias más significativas. Las diferentes escalas de valoración ofrecen como resultado una mejora sensible del ambiente de enseñanza-aprendizaje y de convivencia en ambos colectivos, un favorecimiento de los procesos comunicativos interpersonales basados en la alteridad y la puesta en valor pedagógico de la mediación simbólica de los espacios, los objetos, el cuerpo y la palabra para representar el encuentro en la vida de relación.

Kiley Sobel, Kate Yen, Yip Cheng et al.

Strengthening early executive function (EF) skills has the potential to improve an individual's quality of life throughout their lifetime, a fact that has led to many EF-training suites. In this work, we empirically investigate how children and parents engaged with Cookie Monster's Challenge (CMC), a tablet game designed to train EF in preschoolers. Through analysis of child-parent co-play with CMC, we describe children's and parents' thematic behaviors, documenting their effective and ineffective strategies for engaging with the game, particularly when it challenged children's EF skills. We further show that these behaviors led to a small but significant short-term increase in an unrelated EF task. Drawing on these patterns of interaction, we propose design directions for EF training interfaces, such as increasing contextual relevance and specific forms of scaffolding. Our work is the first illustration of how preschoolers exercise their EF and inhibitory control by collaboratively using a commercial tablet app together with a parent.

Luca Castelli Aleardi

In this work we consider balanced Schnyder woods for planar graphs, which are Schnyder woods where the number of incoming edges of each color at each vertex is balanced as much as possible. We provide a simple linear-time heuristic leading to obtain well balanced Schnyder woods in practice. As test applications we consider two important algorithmic problems: the computation of Schnyder drawings and of small cycle separators. While not being able to provide theoretical guarantees, our experimental results (on a wide collection of planar graphs) suggest that the use of balanced Schnyder woods leads to an improvement of the quality of the layout of Schnyder drawings, and provides an efficient tool for computing short and balanced cycle separators.