Hasil untuk "Construction industry"

Peng Wu, Jun Wang, Xiangyu Wang

Abstract 3-D printing, which is an automated production process with layer-by-layer control, has been gaining rapid development in recent years. The technology has been adopted in the manufacturing industry for decades and has recently been introduced in the construction industry to print houses and villas. The technology can bring significant benefits to the construction industry in terms of increased customization, reduced construction time, reduced manpower, and construction cost. A few isolated products and projects have been preliminarily tested using the 3-D printing technology. However, it should be noted that such tests and developments on the use of 3-D printing in the construction industry are very fragmented at the time of the study. It is therefore necessary for the building and construction industry to understand the technology, its historical applications and challenges for better utilization in the future. A systematic review shows that 3-D printing technology, after years of evolution, can be used to print large-scale architectural models and buildings. However, the potential of the technology is limited by the lack of large-scale implementation, the development of building information modeling, the requirements of mass customization, and the life cycle cost of the printed projects. It is therefore expected that future studies should be conducted on these areas to consolidate the stability and expand the applicability of 3-D printing in the construction industry.

Y. Tay, B. Panda, S. Paul et al.

Matthew J. Catenacci, Jeffery R. Owens, Glenn R. Johnson et al.

The commercialization of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) technology is rapidly advancing. However, building-scale field demonstrations and trials reveal that there are shortcomings that hamper its implementation in the construction industry. One critical challenge is the development of cementitious formulations compatible with the wide range of printer platforms and their use in relevant environments. Academic and start-up research and development (R&D) teams’ work is limited by the excessive upfront costs of large-scale 3DCP printers, as well as high costs of consumables, and replacement parts when experimental results do not go as expected. This work introduces how cementitious formulations can be tested using an inexpensive piston press to quickly evaluate the printability of experimental cementitious formulations. The results demonstrate the use of a piston press to screen materials for extrusion and layer-by-layer builds of cementitious formulations. This low-cost approach streamlines the validation of new formulations compatible with 3DCP. The approach can facilitate the transition of 3DCP materials from bench-scale R&D to practical civil engineering applications.

Roberto Garrone

This paper proposes a portfolio construction framework designed to remain robust under estimation error, non-stationarity, and realistic trading constraints. The methodology combines dynamic asset eligibility, deterministic rebalancing, and bounded multi-factor tilts applied to an equal-weight baseline. Asset eligibility is formalized as a state-dependent constraint on portfolio construction, allowing factor exposure to adjust endogenously in response to observable market conditions such as liquidity, volatility, and cross-sectional breadth. Rather than estimating expected returns or covariances, the framework relies on cross-sectional rankings and hard structural bounds to control concentration, turnover, and fragility. The resulting approach is fully algorithmic, transparent, and directly implementable. It provides a robustness-oriented alternative to parametric optimization and unconstrained multi-factor models, particularly suited for long-horizon allocations where stability and operational feasibility are primary objectives.

Ahsan Waqar, Fadia Al Hajj, Muhammad Danish et al.

Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) have emerged as transformative strategies for enhancing sustainability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in the construction sector. This study investigates the influence of MMC on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable construction performance. A quantitative research approach was employed, collecting data through structured questionnaires distributed to industry professionals. Statistical analyses, including reliability testing, descriptive statistics, and regression modeling, were conducted to evaluate stakeholder perceptions and the interrelationships among key variables such as cost reduction, stakeholder satisfaction, innovation, and environmental impact. The results indicate that MMC significantly contributes to cost efficiency and social performance, while its influence on environmental outcomes and technology implementation is more nuanced. The findings support the integration of MMC within sustainability-driven construction frameworks and highlight the importance of organizational readiness, innovation capacity, and procurement adaptation. This study contributes empirical evidence to the ongoing discourse on construction modernization and offers strategic insights for enhancing sustainable outcomes through MMC adoption.

Robert Haigh, Omid Ameri Sianaki

Curing plays a fundamental role in determining the mechanical performance, durability, and sustainability of concrete structures. Traditional curing practices, such as water and air curing, are widely used but often limited by long durations, high water demand, and reduced effectiveness under extreme climatic conditions. In response, advanced curing methods such as steam, microwave, electric, autoclave, and accelerated carbonation have been developed to accelerate hydration, refine pore structures, and enhance durability. This review critically examines the performance of both conventional and advanced curing strategies across a range of concrete systems. Findings show that microwave curing achieves up to 85–95% of 28-day wet-cured strength within 24 h, whilst autoclave curing enhances early strength by 40–60%. Electric curing reduces energy demand by approximately 40% compared to steam curing, and carbonation curing lowers carbon dioxide emissions by 30–50% through carbon sequestration. While steam and autoclave curing provide rapid early strength, they may compromise long-term durability through microcracking and increased porosity. No single method was identified as universally optimal; the effectiveness depends on the mix design, application, and environmental conditions. The review highlights future opportunities in smart curing systems, integrating Internet of Things (IoT), sensor technologies, and AI-driven predictive control to enable real-time optimisation of curing conditions. Such innovations represent a critical pathway for improving concrete performance while addressing sustainability targets in the building and construction industry.

Tri Wulandari, Erike Anggraini, Anas Malik

This study aims to analyze the influence of supervision on employee work discipline through organizational culture as an intervening variable at PT. Luthfi Arya Tekhnik from an Islamic economic perspective. Human resources are strategic assets in the construction industry that require an effective supervision system and a strong organizational culture to achieve optimal levels of work discipline. The integration of Islamic economic values such as amanah, muraqabah, and ihsan provides a spiritual dimension that can strengthen the relationship between supervision and employee work discipline. The study used a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design on 136 employee respondents selected through stratified proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with a Likert scale and analyzed using path analysis techniques. The results showed that supervision had a positive and significant effect on work discipline with a path coefficient of 0.762 (p<0.05). Supervision also had a significant effect on organizational culture with a coefficient of 0.789, while organizational culture had an effect on work discipline with a coefficient of 0.432. The Sobel test confirmed that organizational culture acts as a significant mediator (z=4.273, p<0.05) with a mediation effect of 44.7% of the total influence of supervision on work discipline. The findings indicate that the implementation of Islamic economic values in the supervision system and organizational culture is effective in improving employee work discipline through the development of spiritual awareness and trustworthy responsibilities. This study provides theoretical contributions to the development of Islamic management theory and practical implications for human resource management in the Indonesian construction industry.

Bo Qu, Zhurong Wang, Daisuke Yagi et al.

This paper presents a novel approach to e-commerce payment fraud detection by integrating reinforcement learning (RL) with Large Language Models (LLMs). By framing transaction risk as a multi-step Markov Decision Process (MDP), RL optimizes risk detection across multiple payment stages. Crafting effective reward functions, essential for RL model success, typically requires significant human expertise due to the complexity and variability in design. LLMs, with their advanced reasoning and coding capabilities, are well-suited to refine these functions, offering improvements over traditional methods. Our approach leverages LLMs to iteratively enhance reward functions, achieving better fraud detection accuracy and demonstrating zero-shot capability. Experiments with real-world data confirm the effectiveness, robustness, and resilience of our LLM-enhanced RL framework through long-term evaluations, underscoring the potential of LLMs in advancing industrial RL applications.

Dhruv Dosi, Rohit Meena, Param Rajpura et al.

Legacy floor plans, often preserved only as scanned documents, remain essential resources for architecture, urban planning, and facility management in the construction industry. However, the lack of machine-readable floor plans render large-scale interpretation both time-consuming and error-prone. Automated symbol spotting offers a scalable solution by enabling the identification of service key symbols directly from floor plans, supporting workflows such as cost estimation, infrastructure maintenance, and regulatory compliance. This work introduces a labelled Digitised Electrical Layout Plans (DELP) dataset comprising 45 scanned electrical layout plans annotated with 2,450 instances across 34 distinct service key classes. A systematic evaluation framework is proposed using pretrained object detection models for DELP dataset. Among the models benchmarked, YOLOv8 achieves the highest performance with a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 82.5\%. Using YOLOv8, we develop SkeySpot, a lightweight, open-source toolkit for real-time detection, classification, and quantification of electrical symbols. SkeySpot produces structured, standardised outputs that can be scaled up for interoperable building information workflows, ultimately enabling compatibility across downstream applications and regulatory platforms. By lowering dependency on proprietary CAD systems and reducing manual annotation effort, this approach makes the digitisation of electrical layouts more accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry, while supporting broader goals of standardisation, interoperability, and sustainability in the built environment.

Yash Mundhra, Max Valk, Maliheh Izadi

Large language models have shown impressive performance in various domains, including code generation across diverse open-source domains. However, their applicability in proprietary industrial settings, where domain-specific constraints and code interdependencies are prevalent, remains largely unexplored. We present a case study conducted in collaboration with the leveling department at ASML to investigate the performance of LLMs in generating functional, maintainable code within a closed, highly specialized software environment. We developed an evaluation framework tailored to ASML's proprietary codebase and introduced a new benchmark. Additionally, we proposed a new evaluation metric, build@k, to assess whether LLM-generated code successfully compiles and integrates within real industrial repositories. We investigate various prompting techniques, compare the performance of generic and code-specific LLMs, and examine the impact of model size on code generation capabilities, using both match-based and execution-based metrics. The findings reveal that prompting techniques and model size have a significant impact on output quality, with few-shot and chain-of-thought prompting yielding the highest build success rates. The difference in performance between the code-specific LLMs and generic LLMs was less pronounced and varied substantially across different model families.

Alexander Dietz

In this thesis, a new approach for constructing subdivision algorithms for generalized quadratic and cubic B-spline subdivision for subdivision surfaces and volumes is presented. First, a catalog of quality criteria for these subdivision algorithms is developed, serving as a guideline for the construction process. The construction begins by generating the desired subdominant eigenvectors as the vertices of regular convex 3-polytopes for volumes using circle packings. Subsequently, these polytopes are utilized to construct a Colin-de-Verdiere-matrix for the generalized quadratic and a Colin-de-Verdiere-like matrix for the generalized cubic B-spline subdivision. These matrices are then adjusted using the matrix exponential to obtain subdivision matrices with the desired properties. All subdivision algorithms introduced in this paper empirically exhibit a subdominant eigenvalue of 1/2 with the desired algebraic and geometric multiplicity. For the quadratic case, this property can even be formally proven. Moreover, the corresponding eigenvectors form a convex polytope in the central region for the generalized quadratic B-spline subdivision algorithms, while for the generalized cubic B-spline subdivision algorithms, they represent the refinement of a convex polytope. Additionally, the constructed subdivision algorithms fulfill various other quality criteria, such as affine invariance and convex hull preservation and respecting all symmetries. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the original Catmull-Clark algorithm is not suitable for generalization to volumetric subdivision and that the established subdivision algorithms [Baj+02] and [JM99] do not exhibit a suitable spectrum for several combinatorial configurations. Additionally, research approaches for the volumetric case are proposed, aiming to generalize from hexahedral to arbitrary structures.

Hakyung Sung, Kristopher Kyle

Argument structure constructions (ASCs) offer a theoretically grounded lens for analyzing second language (L2) proficiency, yet scalable and systematic tools for measuring their usage remain limited. This paper introduces the ASC analyzer, a publicly available Python package designed to address this gap. The analyzer automatically tags ASCs and computes 50 indices that capture diversity, proportion, frequency, and ASC-verb lemma association strength. To demonstrate its utility, we conduct both bivariate and multivariate analyses that examine the relationship between ASC-based indices and L2 writing scores.

Mojtaba Noghabaei, Arsalan Heydarian, V. Balali et al.

With advances in Building Information Modeling (BIM), Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies have many potential applications in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. However, the AEC industry, relative to other industries, has been slow in adopting AR/VR technologies, partly due to lack of feasibility studies examining the actual cost of implementation versus an increase in profit. The main objectives of this paper are to understand the industry trends in adopting AR/VR technologies and identifying gaps within the industry. The identified gaps can lead to opportunities for developing new tools and finding new use cases. To achieve these goals, two rounds of a survey at two different time periods (a year apart) were conducted. Responses from 158 industry experts and researchers were analyzed to assess the current state, growth, and saving opportunities for AR/VR technologies for the AEC industry. The findings demonstrate that older generations are significantly more confident about the future of AR/VR technologies and they see more benefits in AR/VR utilization. Furthermore, the research results indicate that Residential and commercial sectors have adopted these tools the most, compared to other sectors and institutional and transportation sectors had the highest growth from 2017 to 2018. Industry experts anticipated a solid growth in the use of AR/VR technologies in 5 to 10 years, with the highest expectations towards healthcare. Ultimately, the findings show a significant increase in AR/VR utilization in the AEC industry from 2017 to 2018.

Pedro Saieg, E. Sotelino, Daniel Nascimento et al.

Volodymyr Ivantsov

The article is aimed at identifying the peculiarities of financing shipping under conditions of uncertainty and analysing the sources of financing of shipping companies. Methodology. This study is based on the analysis of trends in the socio-economic, military-political and environmental situation, which cause global uncertainty and limit the ability of shipping companies to obtain external financing. The article compares the Petrofin Global Ship Finance Index with the dynamics of seaborne trade volumes for the period from 2008 to 2022, determines the correlation coefficient of these indicators and identifies the leaders among the banks-creditors of the shipping industry in terms of the volume of shipping loans in the loan portfolio. Results. The study shows a direct correlation between the shortage of shipping financing and the three main forms of global uncertainty. The results of comparing the Petrofin index with the growing dynamics of seaborne trade indicate a decrease in the role of banks and an increase in the role of alternative sources to cover the shortfall in shipping financing, such as raising resources from capital markets, financial and leasing companies, private equity funds, private equity and venture capital investments, investment platforms, hedge funds, state capital, and capital from international organisations. The main reasons for the change in the structure of shipping companies' funding sources are the conservative lending policy of banks in the crisis, tighter regulation, higher interest rates, lending only to borrowers with a positive credit history, and increased loan collateral requirements. Instead, the advantages of alternative sources of financing are flexibility, speed, less regulation compared to banks, the ability to provide large volumes, new types and forms of financing, and more competitive rates. Practical implications. The volatile external environment complicates the process of finding financing for shipping companies, which directly affects fleet renewal, the increase in the cost of ship construction and refurbishment, and the digital and environmental modernisation of shipping. Therefore, shipping companies should diversify their sources of financial resources, have a margin of safety in equity, and redistribute their borrowing portfolio between bank loans and alternative forms of financing. Value/Originality. The analysis of traditional and alternative sources of financing for shipping in the context of macroeconomic instability allows to identify key trends in investment policy towards shipping companies, to identify the specific needs of shipping companies in the face of various forms of global uncertainty and to outline the features of the most common sources of financing.

Nuraliev Nurlan Akimbekovich, Kylychbekov Arsen Bektashevich, Erkebulanova Nurgul Sharsheevna et al.

This article examines the impact of migration on the construction industry of Kyrgyzstan, and also analyzes the main problems faced by government agencies in managing this process. Aspects such as labor instability, increasing demand for housing resources, changes in urban infrastructure and sociocultural changes are discussed. Possible solutions are proposed for the effective management of migration flows in the construction sector, including improving mechanisms for regulating labor migration, developing programs to support local construction companies and creating conditions for improving the skills of local personnel. In conclusion, a conclusion is drawn about the need for an integrated approach to managing migration processes, taking into account their impact on various aspects of the economy and society of Kyrgyzstan.

Oleksandr Diachenko, Maksym Delembovskyi, Kateryna Levchuk et al.

The production of concrete mixes, along with their use in the production of building materials and structures, is one of the key processes in the construction industry during the construction, restoration and repair of buildings and structures. Because of this, the need to create modern concrete mixing plants that will meet the requirements of minimum energy consumption and maximum productivity of concrete mixture production is an urgent task. Not only the main operations, which include the dosing of the components of the mixture and their mixing, but also the maintenance operations, namely operations that ensure the timely movement of the components of the concrete mixture from warehouses to the main technological equipment, affect the set rhythm of the concrete mixture production. Conveyors of various types and designs are used to move bulk materials, such as crushed stone and sand. For the rational selection of such equipment in accordance with the characteristics of the cargo to be transported, knowledge of the types of conveyors, their structures and parameters, understanding of operation issues and methods of parameter calculation are required. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the following parameters: maximum cargo transportation productivity, low energy consumption per unit of moved products, low metal content of the structure. The work reviewed the most common designs of conveyors used to move bulk materials in concrete mixing plants, analyzed the disadvantages and advantages of conveyors, as well as technical parameters. As a result, the predominant directions for the use of belt and plate conveyors at construction enterprises were determined. The advantages of belt conveyors, which contribute to their widespread distribution, are high productivity, simplicity of design, reliability, quiet operation, low specific power consumption. When choosing a conveyor, it is recommended to choose the equipment with the highest productivity and the lowest power of the drive motors, however, the performance should be clearly related to other technological equipment.

Tzu-Lien Tzou, Pin-Chan Lee, Tzu-Ping Lo

The nudge theory has been applied to improve safety behavior in various industries. We implemented the nudge theory in the construction industry to improve worker safety. Nudges for construction safety were grouped into three categories and used in a project. The application of nudges improved workers’ safety behavior, particularly in highlighting control measures. The background analysis results reveal that the implementation of nudges did not vary by gender, nationality, or age, demonstrating its high universality. The results of this study offer a reference for stakeholders in the construction industry who are aiming to bolster worker safety.

Essam Althaqafi, Tariq Ali, Muhammad Zeeshan Qureshi et al.

Abstract The major challenge for the construction industry is to design and produce sustainable construction materials that are efficient in their performance and can be affordable for construction projects. The objective of this study is to determine the viability of incorporating waste products such as sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) to produce concrete with polypropylene (PP) fibers. SCBA is an industry waste that has certain pozzolanic properties, however, it shows limited mechanical properties when used as a cement replacement. To improve the mechanical and durability performance, metakaolin (15%) and PP fiber (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) were incorporated in the SCBA blend as a ternary additive. Some of the important characteristics explored include compressive strength, tensile strength, density, water absorption, acid resistance, and sorptivity. The study reveals that the incorporation of 15% metakaolin in the composite enhanced the compressive strength by 7%, 8.2%, and 9.1% for PP fiber additions of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, while the acid resistance enhanced by 4%, 6% and 8% relative to the control mix for the same value of pp fiber. Furthermore, cost evaluation confirms that the overall costs of concrete with 15% metakaolin and 5% SCBA were 12.2% less than the control concrete, thus making this option economically feasible. This research proves that the inclusion of SCBA, metakaolin, and PP fibers into the concrete mixture brings a sustainable approach that enhances mechanical properties and durability while assisting sugar manufacturing plants in the proper disposal of wastes.

Min Luo, Lingming Chen

Abstract Health is the basis for human survival and development and is an important symbol to evaluate a country's economic growth and social progress. This article measures the degree of sports industry agglomeration in different regions of China and uses the Moran index to verify the existence of global autocorrelation in sports agglomeration. Next, the spatial Durbin model was used to verify the spatial spillover effect of sports industry agglomeration on the health level of residents, and the following conclusions were obtained.Firstly, there is spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity in the clustering level of China's sports industry. The spatial distribution is extremely uneven, and different regions have formed relatively stable spatial patterns. Secondly, the degree of aggregation of the sports industry can reduce the number of per capita visits and have a positive spatial spillover effect on the health of residents. Not only can it promote the health level of residents in the province, but it also has spatial spillover effects on surrounding areas.Finally, based on the research results, the following conclusions are proposed in this article. Policy recommendations include increasing investment in sports talent cultivation, accelerating the construction of sports center cities, and increasing residents' attention to sports to improve residents' health.