Thanai Permpul, Abdeel Kadir Bello, Ahmad Abdalaziz Alnusfir
et al.
The article aimed to comprehensively analyse the great powers' rivalries in the current international political and geopolitical landscape, which may be leading to a changing global order. Great Power in the Changing International Order refers to the intensifying competition and conflict among the major powers, especially the US, China, and Russia. It covers various issues such as trade, technology, security, human rights and global governance. The emergence of this rivalry has challenged the existing international order, shaped mainly by the US and its allies after the Cold War. It has created new opportunities and risks for the middle and smaller powers caught between the great-power axis. The latter half of the 20th century saw a shift toward a multipolar world due to globalisation, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and technological advances. However, the 19th and 20th centuries were marked by the dynamic nature of multipolarity, with periods of stability and instability. The receding US influence, the rise of other power centres, and the transition from geopolitics to geoeconomics are among the main factors driving the transition in the world order.
Bibliography Entry
Permpul, Thanai, Abdeel Kadir Bello, Ahmad Abdalaziz Alnusfir and Meshal Abdullah Salman Almaliki. 2025. "Great Power Rivalry in a Changing International Order." Margalla Papers 29 (2): 54-67.
International relations, Private international law. Conflict of laws
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas pelaksanaan penegakan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Solok Nomor 9 Tahun 2019 oleh Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja (Satpol PP) terhadap penertiban Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL), serta mengidentifikasi kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam proses tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris dengan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan aparat Satpol PP dan PKL, serta observasi langsung di beberapa lokasi pelanggaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan Perda oleh Satpol PP belum efektif, ditandai dengan masih tingginya pelanggaran yang dilakukan PKL secara berulang dan belum adanya efek jera. Hambatan yang dihadapi mencakup kendala yuridis seperti substansi peraturan yang belum operasional, serta kendala non-yuridis seperti keterbatasan personel, sarana prasarana, minimnya anggaran, resistensi sosial, dan lemahnya koordinasi antar-OPD. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan hukum yang lebih holistik dan integratif, serta peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan dan kesadaran hukum masyarakat untuk mewujudkan ketertiban ruang publik secara berkelanjutan.
One of the most significant and convoluted issues regarding the international protection of human rights is the right to non-discrimination. Discrimination, which can be defined as less favourable treatment in a narrow sense, undoubtedly poses a threat to various social groups in society; however, it is particularly a threat to children, as they are disadvantaged in terms of the power structure of society and are more vulnerable than adults due to their age-related necessities. A violation of rights during childhood can lead to much more serious and even irreparable consequences than a violation of rights experienced during adulthood, because it prevents or delays the flow of developmental opportunities during this period. Children who cannot influence decision-makers due to their inability to vote and who cannot assert their rights due to limited rights of participation and association face significant difficulties in expressing their experiences. In light of these facts, States have a great responsibility to ensure that a child whose rights have been violated due to discrimination based on ethnic background, disability, age, birth, other grounds such as religion, language, etc., can claim their rights, to compensate for the damage caused by the violation, and to prevent the recurrence of similar violations.
Введение: зарождение правовых норм, их трансформация, специализация и
отраслевая дифференциация, формирование системы права – все это свидетельствует о постоянном качественном, интеллектуально обоснованном развитии права. В статье проводится анализ основных концепций правопонимания (естественно-правовой, исторической, психологической, нормативистской, марксистской,
антропологического подхода) на предмет определения сущности (природы) права.
Исследование сущностных основ права выступает главной задачей не только теории права и государства, но и других наук (философии права, социологии права,
истории правовых учений). Цель работы состоит в исследовании интеллектуальной природы права на основе анализа трудов представителей различных концепций правопонимания. Методы: выводы и умозаключения автора основываются на
использовании материалистической диалектики, сравнительно-правовом, социологическом и историческом методах. Обсуждение: примечательно, что в каждой концепции правопонимания интеллект (ум, разум, рассудок) рассматривается
учеными как неотъемлемый элемент процесса правообразования. Выводы: право
рассматривается в рамках антропологического подхода как результат интеллектуальной деятельности человека не только по своему происхождению, но и сущностному основанию, своей природе. Выдвигается тезис о том, что право есть результат
интеллектуально-разумной мыслительной деятельности человека, предлагается
авторская дефиниция права.
Luiz Rodrigues Araújo Filho, Glauciene da Mota Barros Caetano
Esta produção apresenta uma análise da constitucionalidade do requisito baixa renda na concessão do benefício de auxílio-reclusão. Para tal realiza um levantamento histórico das políticas públicas do Estado, e ainda o papel da igreja ao longo da história no assistencialismo. Este trabalho apresenta os requisitos para a concessão do auxílio-reclusão, discute as atuais regras que garantem esse direito aos beneficiários, com destaque especial para a Constituição Federal, que tem a previsão desse benefício, e a Lei nº 8.213/1991, que o regulamenta. Nesse viés deixa-se demonstrado a jusfundamentalidade do benefício auxílio-reclusão, a partir do estudo da Teoria do Mínimo Existencial e do Risco Social, que são base para concessão do benefício em comento, faz-se aqui uma discussão do benefício frente a Dignidade da Pessoa Humana, princípio fundamental do Estado Brasileiro. Trata também, das alterações na concessão do auxílio-reclusão trazidas pela Emenda Constitucional nº 20 de 1998. Por fim, conclui-se que a referida Emenda é inconstitucional, pois leva em consideração, no momento da concessão do benefício de auxílio-reclusão, a renda do segurado preso, e não a do beneficiário.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Civil law
The article deals with basic requirements to the translation for specific purposes, namely legal translation. The problem posed here is defining object and theoretical basis of legal translation. The question of the necessity of information search as an integral part of translation strategy has been raised. Detailed analysis revealed that the requirements of professional translators include knowledge of lexical and grammatical peculiarities of both languages in legal sphere; deep understanding of the concepts employed by specialists in particular field and the specialist terms used to express these concepts and their relationships in the source and target languages. It is recommended that evaluation of the translation may be done on the following principles: communicative pragmatic norms of translation; equivalent norms of translation; absence of contextual, cultural, functional, lexico-grammatical mistakes.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Comparative law. International uniform law
This article examines the core concept of "standing" to challenge deci-sions from the Chilean Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Agency (Superintend-encia del Medio Ambiente or SMA) as provided by laws N° 20.417 and 20.600, both which establish that only the ones “directly affected” by the decision can appear before the Envi-ronmental Court. The application of this criterion for individuals and NGO’s in judgments given by the Second Environmental Court is analysed. Furthermore, the concept of stand-ing is considered in light of the broader concept of environmental justice, including the need to guarantee a timely and appropriate involvement of those "affected" from initial stages of the administrative proceedings, and not limiting their intervention exclusively to judicial review.
The Middle East is seen by many developing nations as a region of opportunity and prosperity. With the cost of living spiralling, coupled with mass unemployment, most Indian families are left economically strangulated. Education, healthcare, rent, fuel, electricity and other essential commodities are becoming unaffordable to the ordinary masses. In lieu of a better future for their families, most workers migrate to the Middle East in search of well paying jobs.
Although the workers are paid as promised, their lives are burdened with many obstacles. Immigrants are discriminated against and made to endure strenuous working conditions. These workers are met with harsh realities, both during the course of employment and otherwise. With a poor dispute redressal mechanism and forcefully signed indemnity agreements, these workers are left neglected and abused.
Although free trade agreements have been entered into, the discrimination and hostility has persisted. Religion and nationality are often used as a ground to discriminate. Wages below minimum wages, restriction on job applications, heavy taxation on foreigners, etc. are often used tactics to propagate nepotism towards locals. The international community has warned the Gulf States and surrounding States of the same. Yet, there has been no visible change in the system. The paper seeks to identify, through primary and secondary sources of information, a suitable mechanism to help protect these migrant workers from such inequalities.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Private international law. Conflict of laws
RésuméLa question du genre est un fait reconnu depuis très longtemps dans la construction des actes délictueux. Pourtant, dans le cas très précis du hooliganisme, aucune étude ne s’est jamais intéressée à l’existence ou non de femmes hooligans. Est-ce à dire qu’il n’en existe pas ? La réalité sociale du hooliganisme en Europe est bien différente. Il existe des femmes hooligans. Leur négation tient à de multiples raisons : l’absence de traitement de la singularité, les a priori positifs dont jouissent les femmes quant aux comportements violents, l’utilisation d’une définition trop restrictive du hooliganisme qui empêche de comprendre la genèse de certains événements et la place des femmes dans ceux-ci, la difficulté de penser une violence féminine alors que certaines femmes subissent chaque jour de nombreuses formes de violence. À travers l’étude des noyaux durs des groupes de supporters du soccer en France, on observe cependant qu’un certain nombre d’entre elles reconnaissent participer et avoir participé à des actes hooligans. Elles possèdent parfois des rôles et des statuts importants au sein des groupes qui les ont obligatoirement confrontées à la violence. Si, physiquement, elles ne sont pas au coeur des affrontements les plus durs, elles sont parfois les instigatrices ou les égéries de certains groupes pour qui la violence est une partie intégrante et intégrative du supportérisme.
SUMARIO: 1. Introducción. —2. La biblioteca de la Cámara de los Comunes.—2.1. Historia, fondos y catálogos.—2.1.1. Desde sus orígenes hasta 1830.—2.1.2. Desde 1834 hasta la Segunda Guerra Mundial. — 2.1.3. Desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial hasta nuestros días. 2.2 Situación dministrativa.—2.3. Instalaciones.—2.4. Servicios.—2.5. Informatización.— 2.6. Publicaciones.—3. La biblioteca de la Cámara de los Lores.—3.1. Historia, fondos y catálogos.—3.2. Situación administrativa.—3.3 Instalaciones.—3.4. Servicios.—3.5. Informatización. — 3.6. Publicaciones. — 4. Archivo.—5. Publicaciones.—6. Bibliografía consultada.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, International relations