Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Bernard Owusu, Jonathan Crush

This paper examines the impact of migrant remittances on household food security in the Ghana-Qatar migration corridor. Drawing on a 2023 survey of migrant-sending households in Ghana and in-depth qualitative interviews with migrants in Qatar, the study explores the characteristics, determinants, and patterns of remitting. The findings reveal that cash remittances play a crucial role in enhancing food security and the overall welfare of households in Ghana. However, the pressure to remit affects the food security of migrants in Qatar significantly, and they often adopt various coping strategies to manage their limited resources. The paper highlights the translocal nature of Ghanaian households, where remittances contribute to the cultural and economic sustenance of families. The study underscores the dual role of remittances in supporting household food security while imposing financial constraints on migrants and calls for policies that address the needs of both remitters and recipients.

Jessica Wehner

In 1951, around 800 Kalmyk DPs in postwar Germany were denied resettlement to Paraguay. Based on sources from the International Refugee Organization and the Arolsen Archives, this article shows how their portrayal as “Asiatics” and descendants of Genghis Khan shaped public discourse and migration policies. These categorisations hindered their emigration, despite efforts to present themselves as “European”. The case illustrates how postwar humanitarian policies were deeply entangled with racial and cultural biases, influencing who was considered assimilable and deserving of a new home.

Majda Hrženjak

Using the concepts of care gap, transnationalization of care, and retirement migration—and based on interviews with stakeholders and an institutional analysis of care provision for older people in Slovenia and Croatia—the article examines retirement care migration between the two countries. It shows that the marketization of care in Croatia matches the care gap in public provision in Slovenia, which establishes “precarious hybrid transnational care.” Older people use two strategies—citizenship rights and the market—to access cheaper residential care across the border, though of lower quality than in Slovenia. The study shows that transnational care can arise out of specific national institutional configurations of care.

Marina Margaryan

This article analyzes the evolution of institutional reforms in the public administration system of the Republic of Armenia since its independence in 1991. In this context, it is taken into account that only the state is able to ensure the co-evolution of management technologies to achieve global goals and strategic objectives of the development of Armenian society. Technological dominants of political transformations, social and economic development require appropriate management adaptation, which is the focus of this study is the correct development and application of the functionality of decision support systems. Therefore, this study considers four stages of reforms: 1) Initial institutional creation from 1991 to 1999; 2) Formalization and adoption of Western governance models from 2000 to 2008; 3) European integration and administrative modernization from 2009 to 2017; 4) Political transformation accompanied by renewed administrative reforms since 2018. These reforms reflect a complex interplay of historical legacies, external influences, and internal aspirations for public administration modernization. Issues such as institutional inertia, limited localization of imported models, and political resistance are assessed in detail. In addition, the article compares these historical reforms with Armenia’s long-term goals outlined in the Public Administration Reform Strategy of the Republic of Armenia until 2030, emphasizing the transition from imitation reforms to sustainable institutional transformation.

Zdzisław Mach, Łucja Piekarska

This chapter deals with a case of deportation and forced settlement in Central/Eastern Europe after WWII. After the borders of Poland have changed, all the Germans who lived in the Polish territories were deported to Germany, while at the same time, Poles who lived in what became the Ukrainian Soviet Republic were allowed to move to Poland. Most of them were encouraged to settle in the former German lands, where farms and houses were available, having just been abandoned by their German owners. The chapter describes the difficult process of deportation of the Germans and semi-forced migration of the Poles, their hostile attitudes to the new land, uncertainty due to the post-war political circumstances, and a very problematic process of adaptation to the new territory, abandoned but culturally organized by the Germans. The story also includes the dynamics of the post-migration society, including the new generation’s attitude to the land and its culture, especially after the Polish accession to the EU. The process of construction of collective identity, as well as collective memory and heritage integrating both Polish and German elements, will be discussed.

Konstantin Ghazaryan

This article examines the factors of influence of relations between the protector state and the regional hegemon in terms of the resilience of the unrecognized state. The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the lessons learned from the Nagorno-Karabakh war and non-peace. Since the end of the Second World War new states have repeatedly emerged, secessions have occurred, and with them new conflicts. While some non-recognised states enjoy higher stability, others have great struggles in order to survive. Most of the literature focuses on the non-recognised states themselves and domestic factor, thus neglecting the role of global players as the regional hegemonn. The main objective of this paper is to find out whether hegemons (through the protector states) have an influence on the stability of the non-recognised states. A second alternative explanation emphasises the importance of the internal legitimacy of non-recognised states. Using the cases of Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia, the study attempts to answer these questions through a qualitative analysis. The analysis of Armenia’s foreign policy between 1991-1992 and 2020 and the resilience around Nagorno-Karabakh is the core of the empirical part. The results suggest that indeed relations between the hegemon and the protector state have an effect on the stability of the non-recognised state. A connection between the internal legitimacy of the non-recognised state and stability, on the other hand, cannot be concluded from the work. Despite the analytical function, the paper gives a good overview on the stability of non-recognised states, security policy and some of the post-communist conflicts.

Mojca Vah Jevšnik, Mirjam Milharčič Hladnik

Repatriation due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was the most extensive assisted return in Slovenia’s history. The article explores governmental responsiveness to the struggles and social risks experienced by Slovenian nationals stranded abroad during the global outbreak of COVID-19 from February to April 2020. It builds on a review of EU and national-level reports, a qualitative analysis of media sources, and expert interviews. The article highlights the lack of detailed systemic guidelines on transnational social protection in crisis situations and argues that the success in the repatriation of Slovenian nationals can be primarily attributed to the ad hoc measures set in place by highly motivated and inventive consular staff.

Felipe Cardoso de Souza, José Otávio Aguiar

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os impactos socioambientais provocados pelo processo de verticalização urbana movido na cidade de Campina Grande/PB, no recorte compreendido entre a década de 1960 até o ano de 2012, período em que se tem a construção dos três primeiros edifícios da cidade até o momento auge da verticalização urbana do município. Para tanto, as fontes utilizadas constituem-se de entrevistas obtidas por meio da metodologia em História Oral, fontes fotográficas, jornalísticas e o Plano Diretor Municipal, publicado em 1996 e atualizado em 2006. O campo teórico-metodológico utilizado baseia-se nos expoentes da História Ambiental. Buscamos a partir deste trabalho fomentar uma discussão acerca das transformações urbanas que nos cercam e os seus impactos ao meio ambiente, problematizando, assim, o ideário de “desenvolvimento” e “progresso” que justificam projetos de urbanização.

Marina Ortrud M. Hertrampf

The article discusses the comparatively young form of written Romani literary self-expression as an example of “minor literature” in Deleuze and Guattari’s sense.[1] The focus here is on producing a classifying survey of the literary production of Romani writers in France and Spain, with the article outlining the different aesthetic fields and literary forms evident in French and Spanish Romani literature. The comparative approach reveals that despite regional and national differences, these minor literatures demonstrate several aesthetic similarities typical of Romani literature that could ultimately come to define the transnational, cross-border characteristics of Romani literature. Furthermore, I show that there are literary tendencies in contemporary Romani literatures that go beyond the usual forms of establishing literary self-expression in diasporic cultural productions or aesthetic appropriation of major society’s literary traditions, so that Romani literatures in French and Spanish should, I argue, also be seen as part of world literature. 1 It is important to emphasize that the potentially offending implications of the evaluative use of the term “minor” is by no means hinted at in Deleuze and Guattari: The French “literature mineure” does not indicate lower aesthetic qualities or literary inferiority to majority literature but rather describes a literature produced by writers not (exclusively) belonging to the nation-state in which they live. At the same time, it should be mentioned that the term “small literature,” in contrast to minor literatures, means literary expressions from small nations or/and in small languages like, for example, in Bulgarian, Estonian, or Luxembourgish (cf., Glesener 2012).

Aija Lulle, Agnese Bankovska

In this article we investigate what happens to the children who are brought to a new country along with their parents, and how they, now young adults, narrate the ‘self’ as a migrant child and adolescent in different temporal and spatial contexts. We draw on five long narrative interviews with young women who were born in Latvia and came to Finland during their childhood. For our analysis of these narratives, we coin a notion of ‘fateful well-being’. The research participants’ challenges as child migrants, where geographical displacement was compounded by language changes and discontinuities in schooling, as well as ruptures with family members and friends, are revalued and appropriated through the self-development skills of reflexive narration. Within the concept of fateful well-being, youth transitions involve both constrained agency and choices towards well-being. We argue that reconciling difficulties is a vital part of fateful wellbeing.

Edward Blumenthal

This article analyzes the expulsion of exiles in Latin America through the problems of integration and the legal status of exiles. It examines exile integration in terms of local residence and shows that in the 19th century nationality was less important than politics in determining expulsion. Towards the end of the century, two related developments —the codification of asylum law and the creation of legislation to ease the expulsion of foreigners— lead to the separation of the two categories. Asylum became associated with Latin American elites, and expulsion, because nationalized, associated with with European immigrants and criminality.

Matheus Augusto Soares

Partindo de uma perspectiva crítica pós-moderna baseada na arqueologia do saber de Michel Foucault, tal trabalho se dispõe a fazer uma análise tangenciando a produção historiográfica sobre as relações internacionais da África, mais especificamente no concernente às teorias de relações internacionais baseadas no realismo, liberal-institucionalismo e no marxismo. Ao evidenciar a relação saber-poder negativa existente no domínio epistemológico dos estudos africanos afro-pessimistas, mostrar-se-á que uma das formas de resistência contra esse arranjo relacional de saber é por meio da utilização de uma perspectiva africanista sobre a África.

Brígida Baeza

Trata-se de resenha da obra: Andrés Núñez, Enrique Aliste, Alvaro Bello, Mauricio Osorio editores (2017) Imaginarios geográficos, prácticas y discursos de frontera Aisén-Patagonia desde el texto de la nación. GEOlibros, Instituto de Geografía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Ñire Negro Santiago, Chile. 330 pp.

Mario Alexander Cabrera Duarte, Gloria Ciria Valdéz Gardea

This article is the result of research carried out by the authors on the social vulnerability of unaccompanied migrant children in the urban area of Altar, Sonora, during the years 2010-2011. The main techniques used for data collection were participant observation and semi-structured interview. The results offered are limited to evidence the social vulnerability suffered by unaccompanied migrant children, by making use of the services of food, accommodation and health. Which exposes them to a number of risks, such as food shortages, the loss of their few belongings, the drug, the physical, the suffering of diseases and limited access to medical care aggressions.

Josep Contreras Ruiz

Joan Esculies, Josep Andreu Abelló. Els clarobscurs del catalanisme, Barcelona, Edicions de 1984, 2015, 446 pp.

Tomaz Espósito Neto, Márcio Augusto Scherma

Apresentação do Dossiê

Michael O. Sharpe

Paul Allatson

‘Post-Mao, Post-Bourdieu: Class and Taste in Contemporary China,’ is a special issue of PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies guest-edited by Yi Zheng (University of Sydney) and Stephanie Hemelryk Donald (RMIT University). The special issue explores the relationship between taste, choice and social stratification in contemporary China, and includes a new section, ‘New Perspectives Reports,’ which is intended to showcase opinion and ideas—in this case from the People’s Republic of China, in Mandarin—that complement the main articles. We hope to include this section in future issues of the journal.
 
 The guest editors and the PORTAL editorial committee would like to acknowledge that this special issue of is a result of a funding grant from the Australian Research Council, 2003-2005: ‘The Making of Middle-Class Taste: Reading, Tourism, and Educational Choices in Urban China.’
 
 I am also delighted to announce that the PORTAL Editorial Committee has three new members, all from the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Technology, Sydney: Dr Malcolm Angelucci, Dr Beatriz Carrillo, and Dr Fredericka van der Lubbe. 
 
 Paul Allatson, Editor, PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies.

Marja Kuzmanić

Through the analysis of memories of major events related to the disintegration of Yugoslavia the differences in collective memories and social representations of various generations of Slovenians and other former Yugoslav peoples resident in Slovenia are explored. Qualitative analysis of eighteen semi-structured interviews illustrates contested interpretations or narratives of the break up, memories and representations of Tito’s Yugoslavia, and the changes in social (ethnic) identification.