Hasil untuk "City planning"

P. Neirotti, A. Marco, A. C. Cagliano et al.

S. Meerow, J. Newell

K. Renard, G. R. Foster, G. Weesies et al.

L. K. Bartholomew, G. Parcel, G. Kok et al.

Christopher A. Lepczyk, Myla F. J. Aronson, K. Evans et al.

P. Cardullo, Rob Kitchin

Yosef Jabareen

Michael Richards

This research investigates the generation of urban environments through the use of visual programming tools. These tools enable the procedural creation of architectural geometries for installation in design environments, with a focus on producing outputs for virtual implementation, including small scale built environments, individual buildings, city blocks, and neighbourhoods.  The creation of large-scale urban environments is a complex and time-consuming task. Subsequently, this field of research has a high level of relevance in the areas of architecture, design, urban planning, film, entertainment, and so forth. In most situations, the groups responsible for the creation of these environments do not contain members with architectural backgrounds. Instead, they consist of designers, computer scientists, technicians, and other specialists. These groups are reliant on their collective experience, skill, and reference materials to create their works.  This thesis proposes that architects possess knowledge, skills, and training suitable for utilisation by this industry. As such, this research explores applying an architectural education with a greater multidisciplinary focus.  This investigation concludes that while visual programming tools are incredibly powerful, they have their limitations. This research further concludes that because there are so many facets to the creation of these environments this area of investigation is best suited to a team of researchers. While individuals can achieve a significant amount, the contribution of outside parties would have had benefits at every stage of the work. The sharing of knowledge, skills, and understandings would allow for the creation of systems that function to generate the best outcomes possible.

Thu Thuy Nguyen, H. Ngo, Wenshan Guo et al.

Climate change, rapid urbanization and inappropriate urban planning policies in many countries have resulted in urban water-related problems, such as flooding disasters, water pollution and water shortages. To tackle these issues, the specific urban water management strategy known as Sponge City has been implemented in China since 2013. This is a complex method and one involving many challenges. This paper critically assesses the approaches associated with conventional urban water management. The Sponge City concept and its adoption are then scrutinized to comprehensively assess the limitations and opportunities. It emerges that Sponge City has four main principles, these being: urban water resourcing, ecological water management, green infrastructures, and urban permeable pavement. The uncertainties in Sponge City design and planning, and financial insufficiencies are the most serious problems that can risk the failure of the Sponge City concept. While significant barriers exist, the opportunities for implementing a Sponge City are evident. To obtain multi-ecosystem services of Sponge City, it should be implemented at the watershed scales and be flexible, depending on different decision levels or catchment characteristics. It is essential to apply an intelligent decision-making mechanism and consider the need for close cooperation between various agencies with which the central government can work. A suitable sized and harmonious Sponge City, ensuring a good balance between socio-economic development and environmental conservation, is the ideal.

Mujtaba Ali, Muhammad Yaqoob Javed, Aamer Bilal Asghar et al.

ABSTRACT Increasing global energy demand and renewable energy expansion have heightened the importance of accurate solar irradiance forecasting for effective grid management and capacity planning. Atmospheric pollution significantly affects solar irradiance measurements, requiring air quality integration for precise forecasting in polluted urban environments. This study develops a comprehensive multi‐city data set spanning eight geographically diverse locations with systematically categorized pollution levels, from pristine environments (Copenhagen, Sydney) to heavily polluted urban centers (Beijing, New Delhi, Lahore). A pollution‐aware neural network training methodology is introduced, representing the first systematic investigation of ensemble model performance across explicitly categorized atmospheric quality levels. The study presents a novel ensemble architecture integrating multi‐layer perceptrons, recurrent neural networks, and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs, specifically designed for forecasting under varying atmospheric pollution conditions. The proposed ensemble model achieves superior performance with R² of 0.8702, RMSE of 1.0809, and MAE of 0.8137, consistently outperforming individual models across all pollution categories and geographical locations. Validation using the HI‐SEAS data set confirms superiority over three contemporary state‐of‐the‐art methodologies. The framework incorporates SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis for model interpretability and comprehensive cross‐validation procedures. This study establishes a foundational framework for pollution‐aware solar forecasting, addressing critical gaps regarding atmospheric variability's impact on prediction accuracy.

Ayyoob Sharifi, Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir, R. Kummitha

Since its emergence in late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has swept through many cities around the world, claiming millions of lives and causing major socio-economic impacts. The pandemic occurred at an important historical juncture when smart solutions and technologies have become ubiquitous in many cities. Against this background, in this review, we examine how smart city solutions and technologies have contributed to resilience by enhancing planning, absorption, recovery, and adaptation abilities. For this purpose, we reviewed 147 studies that have discussed issues related to the use of smart solutions and technologies during the pandemic. The results were synthesized under four themes, namely, planning and preparation, absorption, recovery, and adaptation. This review shows that investment in smart city initiatives can enhance the planning and preparation ability. In addition, the adoption of smart solutions and technologies can, among other things, enhance the capacity of cities to predict pandemic patterns, facilitate an integrated and timely response, minimize or postpone transmission of the virus, provide support to overstretched sectors, minimize supply chain disruption, ensure continuity of basic services, and offer solutions for optimizing city operations. These are promising results that demonstrate the utility of smart solutions for enhancing resilience. However, it should be noted that realizing this potential hinges on careful attention to important issues and challenges related to privacy and security, access to open-source data, technological affordance, legal barriers, technological feasibility, and citizen engagement. Despite this, this review shows that further development of smart city initiatives can provide unprecedented opportunities for enhancing resilience to the pandemic and similar future events.

Z. Venter, Helene Figari, Olve Krange et al.

Poorer citizens are often more exposed to environmental hazards due to spatial inequalities in the distribution of urban blue-green space. Few cities have managed to prevent spatial and social inequality despite sustainable development strategies like compact city planning. We explore whether environmental injustice exists in a city where one would least expect to find it: a city with abundant nature, an affluent population governed by a left leaning social democratic city council, and an aggressive densification strategy; Oslo, Norway. Green space was measured with a satellite-derived vegetation index which captures the combined availability of gardens, street trees, parks and forest. Blue space was defined by the proximity of residential areas to the closest lake, river or fjord. We found that poorer city districts, often with greater immigrant populations, have less available blue-green spaces and are disproportionately exposed to hazardous air pollution levels, but not extreme heat compared to wealthier city districts. Citizens living within 100 m of a water body are likely to earn US$ 20,000 more per year than citizens living 500 m away from water, and a US$ 3000 increase in annual income corresponds to a 10 % increase in green space availability. Hazardous air pollution concentrations in the poorest city districts were above levels recommended by the WHO and Oslo municipality. Historical trends showed that districts undergoing population densification coincide with the lowest availability of blue-green space, suggesting that environmental justice has been overlooked in compact city planning policy. Despite Oslo's affluence and egalitarian ideals, the patterns of inequality we observed mirror the city's historical east-west class divide and point to spatial concentration of wealth as a core factor to consider in studies of green segregation. Urban greening initiatives in Oslo and other cities should not take spatial equality for granted, and instead consider socio-economic geographies in their planning process.

Jianxiang Huang, Hanna Obracht-Prondzyńska, Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska et al.

Abstract “The Image of the City” by Kevin Lynch is a landmark planning theory of lasting influence; its scientific rigor and relevance in the digital age were in dispute. The rise of social media and other digital technologies offers new opportunities to study the perception of urban environments. Questions remain as to whether social media analytics can provide a reliable measure of perceived city images? If yes, what implication does it hold for urban planners? This paper describes a study on the perception of city images using a combination of “big data” and “small data” methods in the Tri-City Region in Poland. The aims were to 1) test the hypothesis whether social media analytics can elicit Lynchian elements of city image in consistency with conventional methods, and 2) develop and evaluate social media-based indicators of Imageability for planning practice. Geo-tagged images and texts were collected from Instagram and Twitter, two popular social media platforms in Poland. Text-Mining, Image Processing, Clustering Analysis, Kernel Density Estimation, and Sentiment Analysis were used. Results were compared with benchmarks constructed from official GIS database, questionnaire responses and sketch maps. “District”, “landmark”, and “path” identified on social media were in good agreements with benchmarks, less so for “edge” and “node”. Two social media-based indicators have influenced the perception of a place: Instagramability, the frequency of a place captured on Instagram, was linked to its perception as an architectural landmark and tourist attraction, while Twitterability, the frequency of a place mentioned on Twitter by name, was linked to its perceived niceness and relevance to everyday life of communities. Methods developed in this study have theoretical and practical implications for urban planners.

Sunarti Sunarti, Maya Damayanti, Mardwi Rahdriawan et al.

Desa wisata rintisan memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan pariwisata pedesaan di Indonesia. Keunggulan kompetitif menciptakan daya saing untuk dapat menarik lebih banyak wisatawan. Namun, Desa Montongsari, Kabupaten Kendal, Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang masih dalam tahap desa wisata rintisan menghadapi tantangan dalam memanfaatkan potensi yang dimiliki. Kapasitas sumber daya yang masih rendah, sulitnya perolehan sumber pembiayaan, dan belum adanya rencana tindak yang menjadi acuan realisasi wisata menjadi permasalahan dalam mengembangkan potensi di Desa Montongsari. Keberlanjutan wisata dapat tercapai dengan pendekatan partisipatif dan pengelolaan yang terstruktur. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis keunggulan kompetitif melalui Community Based Tourism (CBT) dalam pengembangan desa wisata rintisan, Desa Montongsari, Kabupaten Kendal. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan tim ahli, perangkat desa, dan masyarakat Desa Montongsari. Hasil FGD selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif untuk menghasilkan prioritas keunggulan kompetitif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam analisis keunggulan kompetitif, daya tarik berupa event menjadi prioritas utama bagi Desa Wisata Montongsari. Hal ini didukung oleh kesiapan sumber daya, pengelola, dan masyarakat. Kebaruan penelitian adalah peran CBT dalam proses menentukan keunggulan kompetitif dan tantangan yang dihadapi. Dengan demikian, penerapan CBT dalam keunggulan kompetitif di Desa Montongsari cenderung mengintegrasikan antara partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan desa wisata rintisan di Desa Montongsari.

Weiying KONG, Yizhuo LIU, Sichun DONG et al.

ObjectiveIn the contemporary global context, urban areas are increasingly confronted with the dual pressures of global climate change and rapid urbanization. These pressures have led to a significant rise in urban temperature, thereby amplifying the importance of blue-green spaces in mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Blue-green spaces, which include natural water bodies, parks, green corridors, and other vegetated areas, play a crucial role in regulating urban microclimates. As cities enter an era of stock development, where the focus shifts from expansion to optimization of existing resources, the strategic configuration of these spaces has become a cornerstone for enhancing urban thermal environments. Understanding the cooling mechanisms of blue-green spaces at various spatial scales is essential for improving urban thermal comfort and guiding the planning and construction of urban blue-green infrastructure.MethodsThis research focuses on the central urban area of Xi’an, a city that has experienced substantial urban growth over the past decade. By employing a combination of spatial autocorrelation analysis and a multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model, the research examines the change characteristics of blue-green spaces and their impact on land surface temperature from 2013 to 2023. The findings reveal the spatial heterogeneity of cooling effects and offer tailored optimization strategies for blue-green spaces across diverse urban contexts. The research methodology involves selecting six representative landscape indices to evaluate the changes in blue-green space patterns in the central urban area of Xi’an. These indices are carefully chosen to capture the nuances of spatial configuration, fragmentation, and connectivity of blue-green spaces. Spatial autocorrelation analysis is utilized to identify spatial clustering and patterns extracted from the data collected, while the MGWR model is adopted for a more granular examination of the relationship between landscape indices and land surface temperature levels. This integrated approach not only reveals the factors influencing the cooling effects of blue-green spaces but also highlights their spatial variability across the urban landscape.ResultsThe results of the research are both revealing and instructive. 1) The blue-green space patterns in the central urban area of Xi’an underwent significant changes over the research period, reflecting the dynamic interplay between urban development and environmental management. 2) The spatial distribution of land surface temperature exhibits a distinct pattern of being “high in the north and low in the south”. The central area, characterized by dense urban fabric, shows minimal fluctuations in land surface temperature, whereas low-temperature zones are predominantly concentrated in the southern part of Baqiao District. This uneven thermal distribution underscores the complexity of urban heat dynamics and the need for targeted interventions. 3) The relationship between landscape indices and land surface temperature changes displays notable spatial heterogeneity. In high-density urban areas, small and complex blue-green patches demonstrate stronger cooling effects, emphasizing the importance of intricate designs in densely built environments where space is limited but the need for effective cooling is significant. In contrast, suburban areas benefit from avoiding the aggregation of large blue-green patches, which may otherwise hinder effective cooling due to reduced air circulation and increased shading. Near large water bodies, regularly shaped and highly connected blue-green patches are found to be particularly effective in reducing land surface temperature, highlighting the synergistic effects of water and vegetation in enhancing cooling performance and suggesting that integrated blue-green networks can maximize thermal benefits.ConclusionThe research concludes that the relationship between temperature changes and blue-green space changes in the central urban area of Xi’an is significant and characterized by strong spatial heterogeneity during the period from 2013 to 2023, with the cooling effects of blue-green spaces found varying by their spatial attributes and the characteristics of the surrounding urban environment. These findings highlight the necessity for region-specific optimization strategies to maximize the cooling potential of blue-green spaces. By integrating spatial analysis and regression modeling, the research provides a detailed understanding of the cooling mechanisms of blue-green spaces across diverse urban contexts. The results emphasize the importance of tailoring blue-green space designs to local conditions, considering factors such as urban density, proximity to water bodies, and regional climatic characteristics. This approach enhances the effectiveness of blue-green spaces in mitigating the urban heat island effect and contributes to the creation of more sustainable and thermally comfortable urban environments. The research advocates a holistic and adaptive urban planning strategy, where blue-green spaces are strategically designed and managed to address the unique thermal challenges of different urban areas. This research offers valuable guidance for policymakers and urban planners aiming to optimize blue-green infrastructure and improve urban resilience in the face of climate change and urbanization.

Nisha Patel, Britta Jänicke, René Burghardt et al.

ABSTRACT An increasing number of cities in Germany and Europe are formulating adaptation strategies to address the consequences of climate change. Nevertheless, quantifying whether these strategies contribute to alterations in urban infrastructure and promote climate‐sensitive urban development is challenging. This article aims to explore possible urban climate adaptation indicators (UCAIs) from literature suitable for assessing the implementation of heat‐ and water‐sensitive urban development measures in local municipalities, with a focus on Germany. In addition to a literature review, workshops and discussions with experts from Germany complemented and deepened the indicator selection process. As a result, we identified 27 indicators, which were grouped into 5 key areas: (1) surface and urban overheating indicators; (2) building type and structure indicators; (3) green infrastructure indicators; (4) soil‐sealing indicators; and (5) water‐sensitive urban development indicators. Only a few manage to map several adaptation measures, avoiding conflicts with other urban planning objectives, can be derived for cities at the national level and show promise for capturing small‐scale adaptation measures in the city. We concluded that, in particular, the green infrastructure and soil‐sealing indicators, such as green cover, access to greenery and green supply have a high potential to meet heat‐ and water‐sensitive urban development goals, while avoiding conflicts of objectives and trade‐offs. Overall, this review underscores the necessity for additional research and testing to formulate practical and effective indicators for capturing heat‐ and water‐sensitive aspects of urban development.

Nana Guo, Xinbin Liang

Green infrastructure(GI) is important vehicle for mitigating urban heat islands(UHIs), and cold island areas can have real cooling effect on urban surface heat. Research on structural cooling strategies using GI network landscape connectivity as an entry point has gradually become a research hotspot; however, research lacks on enhancing GI cooling efficiency (cold island patch cooling effectiveness utilization or potential development) and dynamic construction adaptability. Tthe stability of a UCI network (UCIN) structure based on GI in different contexts can effectively enhance the efficiency and resilience of urban thermal environment regulations. This study considered the typical city of Bengbu and proposes an urban thermal environment research framework based on the robustness of UCINs, and land use and land surface temperature (LST) data, We extracted the core patches of GI by morphological spatial pattern analysis and screened UCI attributes to determine the UCIN source, constructed the resistance surface of thermal environment with the help of LST characteristics of land use, extracted UCIN corridors by the minimum cumulative resistance, and constructed the UCIN based on GI (GI-UCIN) in the mode of “source-corridor”. On this basis, the robustness characteristics of the UCIN were simulated with the help of multi-scenario network destruction experiments, the space to maintain the robustness of the UCIN structure was clarified, and the development and protection strategy of urban land classification to maintain the efficient and stable cooling effect of the GI-UCIN was proposed. The study shows that: (1) GI in Bengbu is the primary component of the UCI space, which can effectively break the spatial continuity of UHI patches; (2) GI-UCIN has the characteristics of a hollow outer dense circular structure and (3) the top 20% of GI-UCIN source nodes in the centrality ranking are key nodes in maintaining the effectiveness of the GI-UCIN. The results can provides a quantitative basis for determining the policy application point of GI development and protection oriented toward improvement of UHI; simultaneously, the research method can provides a new idea for urban cooling strategies, and further connect with urban planning and management.

Mohsen Mohammadzadeh

Clément Barbier

Built on a cross-national sociological research that retraces the genesis of two large-scale urban renewal projects in the urban areas of Lille and Hamburg, this article shows to what extent they might be considered as gentrification policies and as a way to question this analytical category. Even if both—Union and IBA Hamburg—projects imply the social and symbolic triage of firms and populations that are legitimate to occupy the targeted neighbourhoods, the coalitions of actors who try to turn these “problem areas” into symbols of “metropolitan attractiveness” are far from acting in a coherent, omnipotent and unequivocal way. The processes of eviction and of real estate value-creation or -destruction throughout the design and implementation of these large-scale urban projects are the result of the action of these public-private coalitions as well as the consequence of their inaction and their (relative) incapacity to actually govern people and capital flows. Therefore, the (in)capacities of local governments to remove populations and businesses from these districts or to enhance the market and symbolic value of these spaces depends on the social and economic embeddedness of these policies.

Abu Toasin Oakil, AHM Mehbub Anwar, Alma Alhussaini et al.

Saudi Arabia intends to reduce GHG emissions by 278 million tons of CO2eq annually by 2030 through Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to UNFCCC. Among many policies, mass transit system and transit-oriented development are being developed with the expectation to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions in Riyadh. To what extent such initiative can reduce energy consumption and GHG emission is an important question. In this paper, a methodology to systematically measure the impact of mass transit and transit-oriented development in Riyadh city on the energy demand has been developed. For Riyadh, a comprehensive travel demand model considering the impact of mass transit and transit-oriented development is still missing. To this end, this paper aims to fill the gap. This methodology considers the state-of-the-art in travel demand analysis and the local context by combining traditional four-step model and activity-based model for modal-shift. This paper describes the methodology and its application for Riyadh by analyzing modal-shift only between car and metro. The results suggest that metro can reduce energy consumption, but the reduction varies with varying accessibility, car, and metro situations. At high urban density and higher car travel cost, we may achieve as high as 13% reduction in fuel demand.