We conduct a detailed investigation of correlations between real-time expressions of individuals made across the United States and a wide range of emotional, geographic, demographic, and health characteristics. We do so by combining (1) a massive, geo-tagged data set comprising over 80 million words generated in 2011 on the social network service Twitter and (2) annually-surveyed characteristics of all 50 states and close to 400 urban populations. Among many results, we generate taxonomies of states and cities based on their similarities in word use; estimate the happiness levels of states and cities; correlate highly-resolved demographic characteristics with happiness levels; and connect word choice and message length with urban characteristics such as education levels and obesity rates. Our results show how social media may potentially be used to estimate real-time levels and changes in population-scale measures such as obesity rates.
Стаття простежує історію виникнення та розвитку DCCC (Центру сучасної культури у Дніпрі) як інституції, що поєднує репрезентацію актуальних мистецьких практик із роботою з локальним контекстом і міськими спільнотами. Показано, як ініціатива, що сформувалася після Революції Гідності навколо фестивалю аудіовізуального мистецтва та нових медіа «Конструкція» (2015–), еволюціонувала від «віртуальної» присутності до спроб створення фізичного простору й реалізації прототипу — тимчасового публічного майданчика «Сцена:Stage» (2017), відзначеного на European Prize for Urban Public Space 2018 та номінованого на премію Mies van der Rohe Award. Описано запуск DCCC у будівлі колишнього губернського земства на Крутогірному узвозі, процес реставрації та модель резидентності (ГО «Культура Медіальна», галерея «Артсвіт», «Альянс Франсез»). Окрема увага приділена трансформації інституції під час повномасштабної війни: від тимчасового призупинення діяльності до створення соціального хабу (2022), а далі — відновлення програмної роботи (2023–2024), посилення міжнародних зв’язків, запуску кінотеатру, «Експериментальної студії» та крамнички як культурно-дизайнерського проєкту. Матеріал також окреслює ключові напрями діяльності DCCC: виставкові, освітні, резиденційні та кінопрограмні практики.
Cities. Urban geography, Economic history and conditions
Ariel Favier, Christine Hedde-von Westernhagen, Meghan Krieg
et al.
More than half of the world's population now lives in urban environments, which concentrate services and infrastructure to satisfy the material needs of a growing number of inhabitants. The interdependencies between physical infrastructure systems are required for cities to function efficiently, but simultaneously expose cities to new hazards. Failures that emerge from one infrastructure system and cascade through these interdependencies are becoming larger and more frequent due to climate change and growing urban environments. Because of the uneven distribution of resources and basic services, cascade failures often exacerbate pre-existing socioeconomic inequalities. Human communities rely on both social capital and infrastructure services to prepare for, manage, and recover from these challenging scenarios, but the overlap between social and physical infrastructure creates unpredictable feedback dynamics. While prior research has focused on either social capital or physical infrastructure in urban disaster management, an integrative view of these two perspectives is seldom explored. In this paper, the feedback mechanisms between the physical and social layers of different urban designs are identified and analyzed to optimize relief response. Methodologically, we identify cities with high accessibility that have undergone disasters. From these cities, we measure their physical and social resilience indicators before and after disaster as a means to evaluate the impact of accessibility on disaster relief and preparedness. We will supplement this empirical analysis with a simulation that captures a cascade failure/disaster through a multilayer infrastructure and social network model.
The Urban Metaverse describes an immersive 3D environment that connects the physical world of the city and its citizens with its digital data and systems. Physical and digital realities merge, opening up new possibilities for the design and use of the city. This trend study serves as a source of inspiration and guidance for city and community leaders, urban planners, IT professionals, and anyone interested in the future of urban spaces. It helps to understand the opportunities and challenges of the urban metaverse as an evolution of the Smart City and to set the course for sustainable and innovative urban development. To this end, the study analyzes the opportunities that the urban metaverse offers for urban administration and the everyday life of citizens, presents key technologies, and highlights the socio-economic challenges of implementation. The focus is on the potential of the urban metaverse to optimize the planning and operation of urban infrastructures, to promote inclusion and civic participation, and to enhance the innovative capacity of cities and municipalities. The study develops four recommendations for the implementation of metaverse applications in an urban context: 1. user-centered design, 2. ubiquitous accessibility, 3. proactive design of the regulatory framework, and 4. development of viable business models.
The share of the world population living in cities with more than one million people rose from 11% in 1975 to 24% in 2025 (our estimates). Will this trend towards greater concentration in large cities continue or level off? We introduce two new city population datasets that use consistent city definitions across countries and over time. The first covers the world between 1975 and 2025, using satellite imagery. The second covers the U.S. between 1850 and 2020, using census microdata. We find that urban growth follows a characteristic life cycle. In the early stages of a country's urbanization process, large cities grow faster than smaller ones. At later stages, growth rates equalize across sizes. We use this life cycle to project future population concentration in large cities. Our projections suggest that 38% of the world population will be living in cities with more than one million people by 2100. This estimate is higher than the 33% implied by the well-known theory of proportional growth, but lower than the 42% obtained by extrapolating current trends.
Urban time series, such as mobility flows, energy consumption, and pollution records, encapsulate complex urban dynamics and structures. However, data collection in each city is impeded by technical challenges such as budget limitations and sensor failures, necessitating effective data imputation techniques that can enhance data quality and reliability. Existing imputation models, categorized into learning-based and analytics-based paradigms, grapple with the trade-off between capacity and generalizability. Collaborative learning to reconstruct data across multiple cities holds the promise of breaking this trade-off. Nevertheless, urban data's inherent irregularity and heterogeneity issues exacerbate challenges of knowledge sharing and collaboration across cities. To address these limitations, we propose a novel collaborative imputation paradigm leveraging meta-learned implicit neural representations (INRs). INRs offer a continuous mapping from domain coordinates to target values, integrating the strengths of both paradigms. By imposing embedding theory, we first employ continuous parameterization to handle irregularity and reconstruct the dynamical system. We then introduce a cross-city collaborative learning scheme through model-agnostic meta learning, incorporating hierarchical modulation and normalization techniques to accommodate multiscale representations and reduce variance in response to heterogeneity. Extensive experiments on a diverse urban dataset from 20 global cities demonstrate our model's superior imputation performance and generalizability, underscoring the effectiveness of collaborative imputation in resource-constrained settings.
Urban planning faces a critical challenge in balancing city-wide infrastructure needs with localized demographic preferences, particularly in rapidly developing regions. Although existing approaches typically focus on top-down optimization or bottom-up community planning, only some frameworks successfully integrate both perspectives. Our methodology employs a two-tier approach: First, a deterministic solver optimizes basic infrastructure requirements in the city region. Second, four specialized planning agents, each representing distinct sub-regions, propose demographic-specific modifications to a master planner. The master planner then evaluates and integrates these suggestions to ensure cohesive urban development. We validate our framework using a newly created dataset comprising detailed region and sub-region maps from three developing cities in India, focusing on areas undergoing rapid urbanization. The results demonstrate that this hybrid approach enables more nuanced urban development while maintaining overall city functionality.
Abstract Replacing the viscous damper of tuned mass damper (TMD) with the proposed inerter-enhanced dampers (IEDs), novel vibration mitigation methods, namely the IED-TMDs, are proposed. Unlike the TMD, which brings only one additional freedom into the system, the proposed IED-TMDs introduce more freedoms into the considered dynamic system. As a result, the traditional fixed-point theory cannot be used. To address this issue, this paper develops an extended fixed-point theory. Firstly, the inerter and the springs of the IED-TMDs are optimized considering that all four fixed points are of the same height. The closed-form solutions for the optimal inerter and springs of the IED-TMDs are obtained. Secondly, to obtain the optimal damping ratio for the IED-TMDs with multi-fixed points, a new optimization criterion is introduced. Different from the traditional fixed-point theory which controls the slope of the transfer function at the fixed points, the new optimization criterion assumes that the local peaks of the transfer function in between the four fixed points have the same height as the fixed points. And, a flat plateau is achieved in the transfer function. Further, the closed-form solutions for the optimal damping ratio are simplified in consideration of actual applications. Finally, the vibration mitigation performance of the IED-TMDs is evaluated. Results show that the vibration mitigation performance of IED-TMDs is superior to that of the conventional TMD. This superior vibration mitigation performance is more significant for the IED-TMDs with a smaller mass ratio.
Abstract The seismic failure mechanism of underground structures showing structural collapse is attributed to the deformation incompatibility between the central columns and the sidewalls, especially the insufficient deformation capacity of the central columns. Therefore, the approaches to improve the seismic performance of underground structures mainly aim at avoiding the damage of central columns. This paper presents a comparative study on the seismic performance of underground structures with the central columns retrofitted with different numbers of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) layers. Seismic capacity of the CFRP retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) columns was explored in detail through experimental and numerical approaches. Then numerical models were built and verified to simulate the behaviors of the CFRP retrofitting RC columns, and the seismic performance of the CFRP retrofitting underground structures was numerically simulated. Based on the numerical results, the damage of the CFRP retrofitting underground structures was calculated, and damage classification illustrated that the seismic performance of underground structures was enhanced remarkably. Finally, parametric studies were conducted to discuss about how the number of CFRP layers and the earthquake intensity affect the earthquake-induced damage of underground structures. Conclusions from this study could be referenced for seismic retrofitting of existing underground structures.
El Método híbrido fuerza-desplazamiento (HFD por sus siglas en inglés), combina las ventajas de ambos diseños sísmicos, aplicando el enfoque de diseño basado en desempeño, comenzando con un diseño por deformación, utilizando dichas variables de entrada en el mismo, en el cual se controlan los valores de derivas máximas de entrepiso y desplazamientos máximos de techo que sobrepasan el límite elástico de las secciones, empleando para esto tres niveles de desempeño. Cada uno de estos niveles se encuentran representados mediante un espectro elástico de aceleraciones y otro espectro elástico de desplazamientos, con los cuales llevar a cabo el diseño sísmico por fuerzas, donde el procedimiento implica modificar el espectro, escalando sus ordenadas y obteniendo así una representación de los tres niveles de desempeño. Se obtienen así las máximas respuestas de techo para cada nivel de desempeño y con estos se calculan los respectivos factores de reducción o de comportamiento. Para ilustrar la aplicación del Método, se estudió un edificio de 7 pisos, estructurado en marcos de acero resistentes a momento, ubicado en una zona de alta demanda sísmica, como lo es Valparaíso, Chile. El procedimiento se valida aplicando análisis dinámico no lineal de historia tiempo empleando registros de terremotos fuertes ocurridos en la zona de subducción
Understanding the relationship between spatial structures of cities and environmental hazard exposures (such as urban heat) is essential for urban health and sustainability planning. However, a critical knowledge gap exists in terms of the extent to which socio-spatial networks shaped by human mobility exacerbate or alleviate urban heat exposures of populations in cities. In this study, we utilize location-based data to construct human mobility networks in twenty metropolitan areas in the U.S. The human mobility networks are analyzed in conjunction with the urban heat characteristics of spatial areas. We identify areas with high and low urban heat exposure and evaluate visitation patterns of populations residing in high and low urban heat areas to other spatial areas with similar and dissimilar urban heat exposure. The results reveal the presence of urban heat traps in the majority of the studied metropolitan areas in which populations residing in high heat exposure areas primarily visit areas with high heat exposure. The results also show a small percentage of human mobility to produce urban heat escalate (visitations from low heat areas to high heat areas) and heat escapes (movements from high heat areas to low heat areas). The findings from this study provide a better understanding of urban heat exposure in cities based on patterns of human mobility. These finding contribute to a broader understanding of the intersection of human network dynamics and environmental hazard exposures in cities to inform more integrated urban design and planning to promote health and sustainability.
У статті розглянуто мережу контактів шведських мігрантів до України у 1782–1783 рр. і вплив на неї географічного чинника. Дані реконструйовано на основі пов’язаних відомостей про смертні випадки під час епідемії чуми серед переселенців і місця проживання на острові Даго (острів Гіюмаа, Естонія). Використано як методи ієрархічний кластерний аналіз, факторний аналіз (метод головних компонент) із varimax-обертанням, графічний метод просторового подання хронології подій і статистичний критерій Спірмена. Природні кластери встановлено на основі інформації про 335 смертних випадків. Використано перший рівень кластеризації, отримано шість кластерів. Пов’язати вдалося інформацію лише про 235 осіб із 335, тобто 70 %. Факторний аналіз проведено на основі інформації про таймінг смертних випадків на основі пов’язаних даних (235 випадків). У побудові гіпотез автор виходив із припущення, що порядок вимирання під час епідемії має бути не гомогенним, а дискретним, оскільки для поширення інфекції потрібно встановити «ефективний» контакт. Останнє ж можливо за більш тісних соціальних зв’язків. Результати дослідження демонструють, що порядок вимирання піддослідної групи не мав випадкового характеру й залежав від географічного розташування населених пунктів, із яких походили померлі. Соціальні зв’язки у групі мігрантів під час та одразу після переселення дублювали географічну структуру розташування рідних селищ у попередній період життя в Естонії. Хвороба поширювалась від тих, хто раніше мешкав на заході острова, до тих, хто жив на сході, незважаючи на те, що вони їхали на поселення у складі однієї групи, де відстань між переселенцями була порівняно незначною. Результати підтверджено статистично (rs = 0,737; n = 12; р > 0,01). На думку автора, затримку в передаванні інфекції зумовлено так званим соціальним карантином, в основі якого, у цьому випадку, лежить відстань між населеними пунктами, з яких походили переселенці, та наближеність цих місць до певних доріг. Автор припускає, що «консервація» географічної мережі у групі була пов’язана зі шлюбно-сімейними стосунками, які склалися ще в період життя на острові, оскільки на шлюбному ринку люди, зазвичай, шукають шлюбних партнерів із населених пунктів, розташованих неподалік.
Cities. Urban geography, Economic history and conditions
Joseph R. Burger, Jordan G. Okie, Ian Hatton
et al.
Understanding scaling relations of social and environmental attributes of urban systems is necessary for effectively managing cities. Urban scaling theory (UST) has assumed that population density scales positively with city size. We present a new global analysis using a publicly available database of 933 cities from 38 countries. Our results showed that (18/38) 47% of countries analyzed supported increasing density scaling (pop ~ area) with exponents ~5/6 as UST predicts. In contrast, 17 of 38 countries (~45%) exhibited density scalings statistically indistinguishable from constant population densities across cities of varying sizes. These results were generally consistent in years spanning four decades from 1975 to 2015. Importantly, density varies by an order of magnitude between regions and countries and decreases in more developed economies. Our results (i) point to how economic and regional differences may affect the scaling of density with city size and (ii) show how understanding country- and region-specific strategies could inform effective management of urban systems for biodiversity, public health, conservation and resiliency from local to global scales.
تسعى الدولة الي حوکمة العمران في مصر وذلک من خلال إصدار العديد من القوانين والتشريعات التخطيطية لرفع کفاءة التجمعات العمرانية، وتعتبر التعديلات المقترح تنفيذها على بنود قانون البناء الموحد من أهم التشريعات القانونية محل الدراسة في وقتنا الحالي.
تتناول الدراسة تحليل وتقييم الأثر البيئي جراء تطبيق التعديلات المقترحة على متوسط الطاقة المستهلکة بالوحدات السکنية سواء بالسلب أو الإيجاب، مع ذکر خاص لمدى توافق تلک التعديلات مع التوصيات المقترحة بأکواد البناء المصري المعنية بالنواحي البيئية للمباني السکنية، بالاضافة الي بعض التعديلات المقترحة والتي يوصي البحث بضرورة ضمها الي قانون البناء الموحد.
منهجية البحث: يتبع البحث المنهج الاستقرائي من خلال دراسة القوانين والمعايير الحاکمة لتصميم الوحدات السکنية والتي تشمل قانون البناء الموحد رقم 119 لسنة 2008 والضوابط والاشتراطات التخطيطية والبنائية للمدن المصرية 2020, والکود المصري لتحسين کفاءة استخدام الطاقة في المباني, بالاضافة الي الکود المصري للتهوية في المباني.
ثم المنهج التطبقي وذلک من خلال اقتراح النموذج السکني للدراسة التطبيقية واستخدام برامج المحاکاة البيئية (designbuilder and energy plus) لقياس تاثير المتغيرات التصميمية المقترحة (ارتفاع المبنى والمسافات البينية بين المباني المتقابلة, والبروزات الخارجية, وطبقات الغلاف الخارجي المصمت, وأبعاد ونسب الفتحات الخارجية, والمناور السکنية الداخلية) علي استهلاک الطاقة بالمبني السکني.
هذا وتشير نتائج الدراسة البحثية إلى أن تعديلات قانون البناء الموحد بمنظومة الاشتراطات الجديده2020 ذات تأثير ايجابي في زيادة الوفر في الطاقة المستهلکة للوحدات السکنية عن مثيلاتها في حال تطبيق قانون البناء الموحد لمقدار التوفير في الطاقة المستهلکة بمعدل 4% للمناور السکنية وبنسبة تتراوح ما بين 14 : 17% للبروزات ومن 12 : 16% لتأثير عرض الطريق وعلاقته بارتفاع المبني.
Egypt seeks to govern urbanization by issuing many planning laws to increase the efficiency of urban communities. The proposed amendments to the Building Law are considered one of the most important legal studies during these days.
The research focuses on analyzing and evaluating the environmental impact of applying amendments on the average energy consumption in residential buildings, whether negatively or positively. In addition to some proposed amendments, which the research recommends be included in the amendments.
Research Methodology depends on the inductive approach by studying the laws for the housing unit’s design, which include the Building Law No. 119 of 2008, the planning and building requirements for Egyptian cities 2020, the Egyptian Code for Energy in Buildings, and the Egyptian code for ventilation in buildings.
The second part depends on the applied approach by proposing the residential model for the applied study and using the environmental simulation programs (design builder and energy plus) to measure the effectiveness of the proposed design variables (building height, distances between opposite buildings, external shades, components of the building's external envelope, openings and courtyard) on the energy consumption of the residential building.
The results of the study indicate that the modification of the building law with the new requirements (2020) has a positive effect on the building's energy saving compared to the case of applying the building law. The modifications achieve 4% in energy savings for the courtyard, 14:17 % for the cantilevers, and 12:16 % for the relationship between road width and the building height.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
South Florida has been among the top foreclosure markets in the United States, but little research has explored whether this market presents different dynamics compared to other metropolitan areas. This research chooses Broward County to explore whether socioeconomic characteristics and certain public policy instruments relate to subprime lending and mortgage foreclosure patterns. Results indicate areas bounded by linear highways and railroads have a concentration of low-income black population and subprime loans. The spatial distribution of subprime loans is mostly explained by a higher percentage of minority and/or Hispanic population in a neighborhood. Yet, racial minorities, instead of Hispanic origin, contributes mostly to the concentration of subprime loans. The spatial pattern of foreclosures is more complex, determined not only by subprime loans but also possibly other factors associated with the mortgage crisis. This suggests that disadvantaged neighborhoods are disproportionally lacking favorable opportunities due to institutional and sub- cultural forces shaping the geography of subprime and foreclosure.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology