Hasil untuk "Biography"

Daniel Zeman

Kim England

Meiman Xiao, Ante Wang, Qingguo Hu et al.

Precisely controlling the length of generated text is a common requirement in real-world applications. However, despite significant advancements in following human instructions, Large Language Models (LLMs) still struggle with this task. In this work, we demonstrate that LLMs often fail to accurately measure their response lengths, leading to poor adherence to length constraints. To address this issue, we propose a novel length regulation approach that incorporates dynamic length feedback during generation, enabling adaptive adjustments to meet target lengths. Experiments on summarization and biography tasks show our training-free approach significantly improves precision in achieving target token, word, or sentence counts without compromising quality. Additionally, we demonstrate that further supervised fine-tuning allows our method to generalize effectively to broader text-generation tasks.

Juri Opitz, Corina Raclé, Emanuela Boros et al.

HIPE-2026 is a CLEF evaluation lab dedicated to person-place relation extraction from noisy, multilingual historical texts. Building on the HIPE-2020 and HIPE-2022 campaigns, it extends the series toward semantic relation extraction by targeting the task of identifying person--place associations in multiple languages and time periods. Systems are asked to classify relations of two types - $at$ ("Has the person ever been at this place?") and $isAt$ ("Is the person located at this place around publication time?") - requiring reasoning over temporal and geographical cues. The lab introduces a three-fold evaluation profile that jointly assesses accuracy, computational efficiency, and domain generalization. By linking relation extraction to large-scale historical data processing, HIPE-2026 aims to support downstream applications in knowledge-graph construction, historical biography reconstruction, and spatial analysis in digital humanities.

Ervita Kurnia Sari, Lelly Qodariah, Eko Digdoyo et al.

This research background is based on the decline of nationalism values among students due to the influence of modernization. The aim of this study is to analyze the biography and life of Paku Buwana X, to analyze Paku Buwana X's nationalism thought, and to identify the application of Paku Buwana X's nationalism as a learning resource in SMA Negeri 81 Jakarta. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques include interviews and observations. To test the validity of the data, source and method triangulation were employed. The subjects of this research are six eleventh-grade students. The results show that the values of nationalism taught and instilled by Paku Buwana X have positively shaped students' characters and patriotic spirit, especially through exemplification and real-life examples demonstrated by him. Furthermore, critical analysis reveals that stories and experiences of Paku Buwana X can serve as effective media to enhance patriotism and national awareness among students. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of nationalism-based learning models in high schools, as well as to strengthen the role of national figures as sources of inspiration and character education in schools. The study also recommends maximizing narrative approaches involving figures like Paku Buwana X as part of character and nationalism education strategies in the modern era.

Anil Ramakrishna, Yixin Wan, Xiaomeng Jin et al.

Unlearning aims to remove copyrighted, sensitive, or private content from large language models (LLMs) without a full retraining. In this work, we develop a multi-task unlearning benchmark (LUME) which features three tasks: (1) unlearn synthetically generated creative short novels, (2) unlearn synthetic biographies with sensitive information, and (3) unlearn a collection of public biographies. We further release two fine-tuned LLMs of 1B and 7B parameter sizes as the target models. We conduct detailed evaluations of several recently proposed unlearning algorithms and present results on carefully crafted metrics to understand their behavior and limitations.

Helge Kragh

No particle or signal carrying information can travel at a speed exceeding that of light in vacuum. Although this has for a long time been accepted as a law of nature, prior to Einstein's 1905 theory of special relativity the possibility of superluminal motion of electrons was widely discussed by Arnold Sommerfeld and other physicists. Besides, it is not obvious that special relativity rules out such motion under all circumstances. From approximately 1965 to 1985 the hypothesis of tachyons moving faster than light was seriously entertained by a minority of physicists. This paper reviews the early history concerning superluminal signals and pays particular attention to the ideas proposed in the 1920s by the little known Ukrainian physicist Lev Strum (Shtrum). As he pointed out in a paper of 1923, within the framework of relativity it is possible for a signal to move superluminally without violating the law of causality. Part of this article is devoted to the personal and scientific biography of the undeservedly neglected Strum, whose career was heavily and eventually fatally influenced by the political situation in Stalin's Russia. Remarkably, to the limited extent that Strum is known today, it is as a literary figure in a novel and not as a real person.

Vincent C. Müller

Hilary Putnam's biography and philosophical development reflect the history of Anglo-Saxon philosophy over the last 40 years. Putnam has influenced this history significantly for almost as long. In this introduction, the main aim is to present the context in which Putnam stands and from which his philosophical contributions can be understood. In the context of a sketch of Putnam's philosophical development, a preliminary historical classification of his work will also be attempted, even if this is not the place for a comprehensive critique or presentation: The introduction must remain at a fairly elementary level and of course cannot replace a reading of the texts. Since Putnam's work is certainly part of a rapprochement between 'analytic' and 'continental' philosophy, the introduction to the texts translated here should finally make clear what Putnam has to offer non-analytically oriented readers. Hilary Putnams Biographie und philosophische Entwicklung spiegeln die Geschichte der angelsächsischen Philosophie in den letzten 40 Jahren. Beinahe ebenso lange hat Putnam diese Geschichte wesentlich beeinflußt. In der vorliegenden Einleitung soll vor allem der Kontext dargestellt werden, in dem Putnam steht und aus dem heraus verständlich wird, was er philosophisch zu sagen hat. Im Rahmen einer Skizze von Putnams philosophischer Entwicklung soll zudem eine vorläufige philosophiehistorische Einordnung versucht werden, auch wenn hier nicht der Ort für eine umfassende Kritik oder Darstellung sein kann: Die Einleitung muß auf recht elementarem Niveau bleiben und kann eine Lektüre der Texte natürlich nicht ersetzen. Da Putnams Werk sicherlich Teil einer Annäherung von 'analytischer' und 'kontinentaler' Philosophie ist, soll bei der Einführung in die hier übersetzten Texte schließlich deutlich werden, was Putnam nicht analytisch orientierten Lesern zu bieten hat.

Elena Azmanova-Rudarska

This article examines the manner in which P. K. Yavorov’s poetic and narrative works, published in educational literature between 1902 and 1909, contribute to the construction of Gotse Delchev's image. Excerpts from the biography “Gotse Delchev,” parts of the memories “Haidushki longings” (“Haidushki kopnenija”) and fragments of the lyrical cycle “Haidushki songs” (“Haidushki pesni”) are analyzed. Relevant instances of Gotse Delchev’s involvement in events of symbolic importance are used to not only trace the techniques of literary mythologizing, but also in outlining his inclusion in national history narratives. This article proposed that certain lyrical excerpts of “Haidushki songs” perform the role of ritual elements which contribute to the perception of the hero as remarkable. The research interprets the processes by which communal cultural memory functions and focuses on literary mechanisms for activating and of conditioning students’ memory. Two layers of research are thus formed – the literary text and its foundations, and the cultural aspects of historical memory. Therefore, the hermeneutic reading of the literary text in its “internal” use and the cultural analysis of the phenomenon of “memory” as the basis of culture are preferred as research methods. The image of Gotse Delchev, both on a microtextual and a macrotextual level, is entirely shaped by classical meanings and values. The main thesis of the research is that the image of Gotse Delchev was consciously and purposefully idealized in order to be turned into an active figure of the collective Bulgarian memory. This turns it into a heroic emblem for the new Bulgarian history, emphasizing the social role of textbook literature.

Ioana Constandache

This research proposes a systematic and comprehensive investigation of Oscar Wilde's work focusing on The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890), widely regarded as the centrepiece of his aesthetic and philosophical discourse. The study begins by contextualizing the author's biography and education, emphasizing the decisive influence of Greco-Roman classicism and the reverberations of Victorian aestheticism. These cultural landmarks are examined to elucidate how they are intricately integrated into the novel's ideational and narrative structure. A detailed analysis of the paradigmatic oppositions Wilde mobilizes-idealism and materialism, spirit and body, truth and appearance-is offered to highlight the dialectical relationship between art and existence, a recurring theme throughout his oeuvre.  The analytical approach also considers Wilde's biographical condition, particularly his inner and social exile, reflected in the moral and aesthetic tensions experience by the protagonist within the context of a declining Victorian society. It aims to decode the novel's symbolic and aesthetic dimensions while situating it within the broader discourse of Wilde's contemporary aesthetic and ethical debates, exploring his ambivalence toward both traditional and modern values. This approach contributes to a nuanced and in-depth interpretation of Wilde's work, revealing the stratifications of his artistic discourse and the associated identity issues, in alignment with modern critical perspectives. 

Dennis Benders, Johannes Köhler, Thijs Niesten et al.

To efficiently deploy robotic systems in society, mobile robots must move autonomously and safely through complex environments. Nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) methods provide a natural way to find a dynamically feasible trajectory through the environment without colliding with nearby obstacles. However, the limited computation power available on typical embedded robotic systems, such as quadrotors, poses a challenge to running MPC in real time, including its most expensive tasks: constraints generation and optimization. To address this problem, we propose a novel hierarchical MPC scheme that consists of a planning and a tracking layer. The planner constructs a trajectory with a long prediction horizon at a slow rate, while the tracker ensures trajectory tracking at a relatively fast rate. We prove that the proposed framework avoids collisions and is recursively feasible. Furthermore, we demonstrate its effectiveness in simulations and lab experiments with a quadrotor that needs to reach a goal position in a complex static environment. The code is efficiently implemented on the quadrotor's embedded computer to ensure real-time feasibility. Compared to a state-of-the-art single-layer MPC formulation, this allows us to increase the planning horizon by a factor of 5, which results in significantly better performance.

Farhan Samir, Chan Young Park, Anjalie Field et al.

To explain social phenomena and identify systematic biases, much research in computational social science focuses on comparative text analyses. These studies often rely on coarse corpus-level statistics or local word-level analyses, mainly in English. We introduce the InfoGap method -- an efficient and reliable approach to locating information gaps and inconsistencies in articles at the fact level, across languages. We evaluate InfoGap by analyzing LGBT people's portrayals, across 2.7K biography pages on English, Russian, and French Wikipedias. We find large discrepancies in factual coverage across the languages. Moreover, our analysis reveals that biographical facts carrying negative connotations are more likely to be highlighted in Russian Wikipedia. Crucially, InfoGap both facilitates large scale analyses, and pinpoints local document- and fact-level information gaps, laying a new foundation for targeted and nuanced comparative language analysis at scale.

Masume Sadeqi, Mahin Panahi, Mahdi Nikmanesh

IntroductionThe effort of researchers in biography writing has led to a better knowledge of poets’ lives and works, but sometimes there are mistakes in the information. Therefore, it is necessary to review them to create a secure foundation by correcting errors or eliminating deficiencies. One of them is about Hosseini-e Shirazi.Hosseini Shirazi was a poet and mystic in Qajar era. He studied with his father, but the superficial sciences were little for him. He traveled searching for true knowlege and a spiritual teacher until he became Mirza Abo al-Qasem Sokut’s disciple in Shiraz and gained grace. After the death of Hosseini's father and the master, he became the successor and started preaching. Hosseini also composed Khamseh/Panj-Ganj (Vamaq and Azra, Mehr and Mah, Oshtornameh, Ilahinameh, and Vasf al-Hal). He also had a poem collection that is unavailable now. He died in 1249 AH and was buried in Shiraz.In the research about Hosseini's life and works, the authors found that Hosseini's birth year and mystical orientation were wrongly recorded in some biographies and books. There are different sayings about his hometown. In this research, an attempt has been made to answer the following questions: why is Hosseini's birth year in some books and certificates incorrect? Based on Hosseini's works, how can we find it and what are the opinions about his birthplace? Also, how close to the truth is Hosseini's attribution to Nematullahi in some newer texts? In the older sources and biographies, do they consider him a main member or follower of Nematullahi? In Hosseini's works, what signs and reasons are there to reject or prove this issue?Literature ReviewLimited research works have been published about Hosseini:Khamseh-e Hosseini (1324 AH), lithography of the first three Mathnavis of Khamseh, by Abdolhosein Zolreyasatein (1251-1332 AH). The correction of four mathnavis of Vamaq and Azra (1382), Mehr and Mah (1386), Oshtornameh (1386), and Vasf al-Hal (1392) from Khamseh-e Hosseini along with an introduction about the poet by Kavoos Hassanli and Kavoos Rezaei. Vasf al-Hal is the poet’s autobiography in verse, which is useful for knowing the his life. Hassanli and Rezaei have also written articles about Hosseini’s mathnavis. Jooya Jahanbakhsh has edited “The Explanation of Mowlavi’s Prose Prologues in Mathnavi” and added an explanation to that. “Introducing Ilahinameh by Hosseini-e Shirazi and the Influence of Mathnavi-e Ma’navi on It” (1401) is written by Masumeh Sadeqi and Mahin Panahi. The only PhD thesis about Hosseini is by Masumeh Sadeqi entitled Manuscript Correction and Structural Analysis of Ilahinameh Composed by Mohammad Hossein Hosseini-e Shirazi. Also, some literary biographies contain a brief description of Hosseini's biography and parts of his poems.In the introductions written by the editors on the four mathnavis of Vamaq and Azra, Mehr and Mah, Oshtornameh, and Vasf al-Hal, Hosseini's birth year is 1184 AH and his age is 65.  In the articles, 1184 is recorded but the researches show that incorrect. Hosseini's birthplace is also mentioned Karbala, while in some sources it is Shiraz. In the introduction to the revision of Oshtornameh and Vasf al-Hal citing Persian Poets and Scientists (Roknzadeh Adamiyat, 1337), Hosseini is considered “the head of the Akhawan Nematullahi dynasty”, while studies show it incorrect, too. MethodologyIn this research, with a descriptive-analytical and critical method, the poet's birth year has been determined by enumerating the definitive reasons with a careful examination of the first-hand sources about the poet's life and the documents obtained from Hosseini's works, especially Ilahinameh and Vasf al-Hal and the origin of the mistakes recorded in some biographies and books. To calculate the year, attention was paid to the chronograms of Ilahinameh and other signs placed in the text. The existing statements and the differences in the statements about the poet’s birthplace and the attribution of Hosseini to Nematullahi with solid reasons closer to the truth are mentioned. DiscussionThe year of Hosseini's birth is not mentioned in these works: Riaz al-Arefin, Majma al-Fosaha, Hadiqat al-Shoara, Tarayeq al-Haqayeq, Hosseini's Khamseh lithographic preface, Farsnameh Naseri, Al-Dhariyya, Reihanat al-Adab. Ebn-e Yusuf Shirazi, in The Manuscripts List of the Sepah-Salar High School Library, based on the chronogram of Ilahinameh and the age of the poet mentioned in the verses near the end of Ilahinameh considers the birth year to be 1184 AH; the mistake in the calculation of the numbers corresponding to the chronogram is quite obvious here and the most important reason for this mistake. According to the chronogram at the end of Ilahinameh, which indicates the year 1239, and the mentioning of 45 as the age of the poet, about 200 verses before the end, and also the record of 1237 as the date of composition at the end of the manuscript of Ilahinameh, it can be said that the poet’s birthdate is 1192 or 1194. The final verses of Ilahinameh mourning Abu al-Qasem Sokut, show that 1194 is more accurate.Hosseini's birthplace is recorded as Karbala in most of the biographies, but the poet spoke in such a way that it can be assumed to be Shiraz. Both DivanBeygi in Hadiqat al-Sho’ara and based on it Hassan Emdad in The Image of Persian Poets in a Thousand Years have recorded it as Shiraz; obviously, these are not enough reasons to prove that.Regarding Hosseini's mystical orientation, from the biography texts, only in Persian Poets and Scientists, Hosseini has been called “the head of the Nematullahi dynasty”. Hassanli and Rezaei have also mentioned it in the introduction to the revision of Oshtornameh and Vasf-al-Hal; however, none of the authors among the elders of the Nematullahi in other reliable sources such as Riaz al-Arefin, preface of Khamseh-e Hosseini and Tarayeq al-Haqayeq mention Hosseini as the head of the Nematullahi and they all introduce Hosseini as Abo al-Qasem Sokut’s disciple.According to Hosseini's statement in his works – and biographies – he had remained faithful in the devotion of Abo al-Qasem until his death. In the works written about Sokut, there have been hints about him as a member of Noorbakhshiya dynasty or Owaisiya and it is not far from the mind that Hosseini was also on the way of his master, or – as they have also said about Sokut – he was not a follower of any dynasty. Nematullahi’s followers were close to the Hosseini family, and perhaps the mistake of attributing Hosseini to Nematullahi was for that.ConclusionHosseini-e-Shirazi, a mystical poet of the Qajar era, was born in 1194 AH, according to the signs he placed in his works, especially Ilahinameh and Vasf al-Hal. He adhered to the principles of the Sharia, a mystic and the Twelver Shiite religion, and he was Abo al-Qasem Sokut’s disciple and remained loyal to him until his death.In the end, due to the existence of some mistakes and deficiencies in the registration and recording of information in the biographies, the necessity of revising the biographies and literary research about the lives of poets and writers is emphasized.

Benedetta Catricalà, Miriam Ledda, Marco Manca et al.

One issue in aging is how to stimulate the cognitive skills of older adults. One way to address it is the use of serious games delivered through humanoid robots, to provide engaging ways to perform exercises to train memory, attention, processing, and planning activities. We present an approach in which a humanoid robot, by using various modalities, propose the games in a way personalised to specific individuals' experiences using their personal memories associated with facts and events that occurred in older adults' life. This personalization can increase their interest and engagement, and thus potentially reduce the cognitive training drop-out.

Haoqiang Kang, Juntong Ni, Huaxiu Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in generating fluent text. However, they often encounter the challenge of generating inaccurate or hallucinated content. This issue is common in both non-retrieval-based generation and retrieval-augmented generation approaches, and existing post-hoc rectification methods may not address the accumulated hallucination errors that may be caused by the "snowballing" issue, especially in reasoning tasks. To tackle these challenges, we introduce a novel approach called Real-time Verification and Rectification (Ever). Instead of waiting until the end of the generation process to rectify hallucinations, Ever employs a real-time, step-wise generation and hallucination rectification strategy. The primary objective is to detect and rectify hallucinations as they occur during the text generation process. When compared to both retrieval-based and non-retrieval-based baselines, Ever demonstrates a significant improvement in generating trustworthy and factually accurate text across a diverse range of tasks, including short-form QA, biography generation, and multi-hop reasoning.

Fanny Jourdan, Titon Tshiongo Kaninku, Nicholas Asher et al.

Automatic recommendation systems based on deep neural networks have become extremely popular during the last decade. Some of these systems can however be used for applications which are ranked as High Risk by the European Commission in the A.I. act, as for instance for online job candidate recommendation. When used in the European Union, commercial AI systems for this purpose will then be required to have to proper statistical properties with regard to potential discrimination they could engender. This motivated our contribution, where we present a novel optimal transport strategy to mitigate undesirable algorithmic biases in multi-class neural-network classification. Our stratey is model agnostic and can be used on any multi-class classification neural-network model. To anticipate the certification of recommendation systems using textual data, we then used it on the Bios dataset, for which the learning task consists in predicting the occupation of female and male individuals, based on their LinkedIn biography. Results show that it can reduce undesired algorithmic biases in this context to lower levels than a standard strategy.

Silvana Santucci

Simplemente Clarice (2002) aborda la escritura de Lispector dando muestras de todo lo que es necesario en buen trabajo crítico dedicado a un autor: explora su biografía, la articula con la obra, coteja con las propias declaraciones y comunicaciones de la autora, todo eso, para presentarnos a Lispector de una manera nunca vista. Una Clarice cotidiana, simple, imbuida en su dimensión de nombre de pila, una mujer que escribe porque le produce “un placer intraducible” Abstract Simplemente Clarice (2002) approaches Lispector's writing with all that is necessary in a good critical work dedicated to an author: it explores her biography, articulates it with the work, compares it with the author's own statements and communications, all this, to present Lispector to us in a way never seen before. An everyday Clarice, simple, imbued with her first name, a woman who writes because it gives her "an untranslatable pleasure". DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10433588

Gustavo Rodrigues Rocha, Dean Rickles, Florian J. Boge

It will be presented in this chapter a historical account of the consistent histories interpretation of quantum mechanics based on primary and secondary literature. Firstly, the formalism of the consistent histories approach will be outlined. Secondly, the works by Robert Griffiths and Roland Omnès will be discussed. Griffiths' seminal 1984 paper, the first physicist to have proposed a consistent-histories interpretation of quantum mechanics, followed by Omnès' 1990 paper, were instrumental to the consistent-histories model based on Boolean logic. Thirdly, Murray Gell-Mann and James Hartle's steps to their own version of consistent-histories approach, motivated by a cosmological perspective, will then be described and evaluated. Gell-Mann and Hartle understood that spontaneous decoherence could path the way to a concrete physical model to Griffiths' consistent histories. Moreover, the collective biography of these figures will be put in the context of the role played by the Santa Fe Institute, co-founded by Gell-Mann in 1984 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where Hartle is also a member of the external faculty.

Rajitha Hathurusinghe, Isar Nejadgholi, Miodrag Bolic

We curated WikiPII, an automatically labeled dataset composed of Wikipedia biography pages, annotated for personal information extraction. Although automatic annotation can lead to a high degree of label noise, it is an inexpensive process and can generate large volumes of annotated documents. We trained a BERT-based NER model with WikiPII and showed that with an adequately large training dataset, the model can significantly decrease the cost of manual information extraction, despite the high level of label noise. In a similar approach, organizations can leverage text mining techniques to create customized annotated datasets from their historical data without sharing the raw data for human annotation. Also, we explore collaborative training of NER models through federated learning when the annotation is noisy. Our results suggest that depending on the level of trust to the ML operator and the volume of the available data, distributed training can be an effective way of training a personal information identifier in a privacy-preserved manner. Research material is available at https://github.com/ratmcu/wikipiifed.

Mostafa Hosseini

Shakespeare, Persia and the East is a slim book of Comparative Literature. Its main emphasis is on English and Persian literatures and cultures. Without doubt this is the most comprehensive book which is written in this area so far. Shakespeare, Persia and the East, as the title signifies, is about Shakespeare's knowledge and interest in Persia and the East. The book has an introduction, an index (a selection of translations of the works of Shakespeare in several Eastern languages), a bibliography, and an index of authors. It consists of five chapters: 1) a brief biography of Shakespeare, 2) the Tudors and the Safavids,3) Travelers to Persia and Commercial Relations, 4) Shakespeare and the Earl of Southampton and 5) Persian and other Eastern references in Shakespeare's plays. The first four initial chapters serve as an introduction to the last chapter which is the most important and somehow innovative part of the book.