Hasil untuk "Auxiliary sciences of history"

Giovanna Marussi, Matteo Crosera, Stefano Fornasaro et al.

This study investigates 49 gold <i>solidi</i> issued between the 4th and 5th century AD to determine their chemical composition. The coins were first catalogued by recording mass, diameter, and thickness. All specimens underwent non-destructive µ-EDXRF analysis to identify main elements, followed by semi-quantitative fineness evaluation. To validate these results, six coins were randomly micro-sampled: material was dissolved in aqua regia and analysed by ICP-AES for gold quantification and ICP-MS for high precision trace element determination. The non-destructive analyses showed consistently high gold percentages, confirming authenticity and the extensive use of this noble metal during the studied period. Two distinct groups were identified based on the XRF Pt/Pd ratio, suggesting the use of gold from different sources. Comparison of μ-EDXRF and ICP-AES gold contents shows no statistically significant differences; however, this apparent agreement should be interpreted cautiously, as it mainly reflects the limited resolving power of ICP-AES at very high gold concentrations rather than definitive evidence for the absence of surface-related effects. Trace elements analysis detected low concentrations of Cu, Sn, and Pb suggesting the use of alluvial gold for minting. The presence and correlation of terrigenous elements (Al, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Sr) indicate soil as the burial site.

Chizhevsky Andrei A. , Ponomarenko Elena V. , Orudzhov Eduard I.

The issue of agriculture in the Ananyino cultural and historical region is one of the most acute in modern archaeology of the Volga region in the Early Iron Age. Since the end of the XIX century and up to the 80s of the XX century, it was considered indisputable that agriculture existed in this area already in the early Iron Age. However, in the 90s of the XX century, there appeared works that showed the shortcomings and incomplete validity of these views. As a result of studies in recent years, it was possible to receive both indirect (palynology data on the presence of pollen from cultivated plants, information about swidden agriculture, the presence of tools for cultivating the land in collections) and direct (barley and flax finds) evidence of the existence of Ananyino agriculture. Judging by the AMS analysis of barley from the Makaryevskoye hillfort, developed agriculture existed among the population of the post-Maklasheevka culture of ACHR already in the VIII–V centuries BC.

Hakan Ertep, A. Küşad Terci, Sevcan Sönmez

Tire Bandosu, 1923 yılında Tire’de kurulmuş, Cumhuriyet tarihinin ilk bandolarından birisidir. Yüzüncü yaşını doldurmuş olan bando her cuma akşamüstü bayrak töreni için Tire meydanında çalmakta, resmi bayramlarda ve törenlerde görevlerini yerine getirmektedir. 1923 yılında kurtuluş savaşı sonunda Yunan işgali biter. Tire’deki işgal kuvvetleri hızlı bir şekilde kaçarken, kendilerine ait bando enstrümanlarını askeri karargâh olarak kullandıkları Kurtuluş okulda bırakıp giderler. Savaştan yeni dönmüş olan Tireli Ali Başargan, İngiliz esiriyken Mısır’da askeri bandoda müzik eğitimi almış olduğundan, bu enstrümanları bulduklarında Tire’de bando kurmaya karar verir. Enstrümanları çalmayı bilen üç savaş gazisi Tireli, Ali Başargan, Demirci Mehmet Çavuş ve Berber Mehmet Ali Efendi bu şekilde bandoyu kurarlar ve ardından birçok kişiyi bandoya dahil ederler. Tire Bandosu, kuruluş yılının öneminin yanında, Atatürk'ün 1937'de Nazilli Basma Fabrikası'nı ziyareti sırasında kendisini karşılaması ve 1925’den 1943 yılına kadar her 9 Eylül’de İzmir’in kurtuluşu kutlamalarında görev alması ile tarihi bir değere sahiptir. Ağırlıklı olarak Tire'de yaşayan ve farklı meslek gruplarına ait çalışanlardan, bununla birlikte askeri bandodan emekli olmuş profesyonellerden de oluşan Tire Bandosu, Tire Belediyesinin desteği ile halen aktif bir şekilde hayatına devam etmektedir. Kuruluşunun ilk yıllarından bugüne kadar bandoda yer alan amatör ve profesyonel müzisyenlerin birlikte çalmalarının getirdiği sosyal, kültürel, manevi değerler, aidiyet duygusu, kimlik arayışı gibi olguların incelenmesi bu makalenin temel hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bunların yanında, Tire Bandosu'nun yıllar içinde devamının nasıl sağlandığı, sürekliliğin nasıl oluştuğu ve bunu bir arada tutan sosyolojik faktörlerin neler olduğu da bu araştırmanın önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu makale betimsel analiz yöntemiyle yazılan detaylı sözlü ve yazılı tarihi kaynaklara ulaşarak bilginin yayılmasını amaçlamaktadır.

Jiří Orna, Jiří Šneberger, Veronika Kočí Dudková et al.

Zvyšující se potenciál přírodovědných analýz rozšiřuje možnosti poznání složení stravy, které bylo dříve založeno především na vysoké výpovědní hodnotě ekofaktů. Proto byly k izotopovým analýzám vybrány soubory získané archeologickým výzkumem dvou plzeňských pohřebišť, a to pohřebiště u kostela sv. Bartoloměje na centrálním plzeňském náměstí a pohřebiště z lokality U Zvonu na východním historickém předměstí, kde stál měšťanský špitál se sakrální stavbou zasvěcenou sv. Máří Magdaleně. Výsledky provedených izotopových analýz byly porovnány s písemnými a archeologickými prameny. Řešeny byly také rozdíly ve stravě nejen mezi lokalitami, ale také s ohledem na historický vývoj města Plzně a také s ohledem na pohlaví a věk zkoumaných jedinců. Využita byla také metoda radiouhlíkového datování. Její provedení mělo umožnit získání dat k poznání chronologického vývoje zkoumaných lokalit.

Gustavo David Candela

Ahmet KARAKUŞ

Claes Westling

Man möter ofta föreställningen att livet förr var hårt, fattigt och grått. Från Huvudstad by intill Vadstena finns ett bevarat arvskifte från år 1666 som tvärtom vittnar om relativt välstånd. Arvskiften, bouppteckningar och testamenten från 1600-talets bondemiljö är ovanliga i våra arkiv och just det här arvskiftet kan ha bevarats för att det har hamnat på »fel ställe« i Vadstena stadsarkiv. Det beskriver dödsboet efter bondeparet Mårten Olofsson och Anna Eriksdotter och hur deras barn fördelade sitt arv. Gården de arrenderade av kronan var något större än en genomsnittlig gård i området vid samma tid. I sina hus hade de rejäla mängder mat, dryck och spannmål, ett omfattande textilförråd, silver och penningar samt en rikhaltig djurbesättning. Arvskiftet är därför ett mycket intressant vittnesbörd om tidens livsvillkor. Inte minst mot bakgrund av att 1600-talets första hälft hade präglats av ett mycket hårt tryck på befolkningen genom de ständiga expansionskrigen, pestepidemier, översvämning och dessutom, förmodligen, två svåra bränder på den aktuella gården i Huvudstad.

Totko Stoyanov

O. Pylypchuk, O. Strelko, Yu.A. Berdnychenko

The issue of the journal opens with an article dedicated to the formation of metrology as government regulated activity in France. The article has discussed the historical process of development of metrological activity in France. It was revealed that the history of metrology is considered as an auxiliary historical and ethnographic discipline from a social and philosophical point of view as the evolution of scientific approaches to the definition of individual units of physical quantities and branches of metrology. However, in the scientific literature, the little attention is paid to the process of a development of a centralized institutional metrology system that is the organizational basis for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. The article by Irena Grebtsova and Maryna Kovalska is devoted to the of the development of the source criticism’s knowledge in the Imperial Novorossiya University which was founded in the second half of the XIX century in Odesa. Grounding on a large complex of general scientific methods, and a historical method and source criticism, the authors identified the stages of the formation of source criticism in the process of teaching historical disciplines at the university, what they based on an analysis of the teaching activities of professors and associate professors of the Faculty of History and Philology. In the article, the development of the foundations of source criticism is considered as a complex process, which in Western European and Russian science was the result of the development of the theory and practice of everyday dialogue between scientists and historical sources. This process had a great influence on the advancement of a historical education in university, which was one of the important factors in the formation of source studies as a scientific discipline. The article by Tetiana Malovichko is devoted to the study of what changes the course of the probability theory has undergone from the end of the 19th century to our time based on the analysis of The Theory of Probabilities textbook by Vasyl P. Ermakov published in 1878. The paper contains a comparative analysis of The Probability Theory textbook and modern educational literature. The birth of children after infertility treatment of married couples with the help of assisted reproductive technologies has become a reality after many years of basic research on the physiology of reproductive system, development of oocyte’s in vitro fertilization methods and cultivation of embryos at pre-implantation stages. Given the widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies in modern medical practice and the great interest of society to this problem, the aim of the study authors from the Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was to trace the main stages and key events of assisted reproductive technologies in the world and in Ukraine, as well as to highlight the activities of outstanding scientists of domestic and world science who were at the origins of the development of this area. As a result of the work, it has been shown that despite certain ethical and social biases, the discovery of individual predecessor scientists became the basis for the efforts of Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe to ensure birth of the world's first child, whose conception occurred outside the mother's body. There are also historical facts and unique photos from our own archive, which confirm the fact of the first successful oocyte in vitro fertilization and the birth of a child after the use of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine. In the next article, the authors tried to consider and structure the stages of development and creation of the “Yermak”, the world's first Arctic icebreaker, and analyzed the stages of preparation and the results of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic. Systematic analysis of historical sources and biographical material allowed to separate and comprehensively consider the conditions and prehistory for the development and creation of “Yermak” icebreaker. Also, the authors gave an assessment to the role of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov in those events, and analyzed the role of Sergei Yulyevich Witte, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tian-Shansky in the preparation and implementation of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker. The authors of the following article considered the historical aspects of construction and operation of train ferry routes. The article deals with the analysis and systematization of the data on the historical development of train ferry routes and describes the background for the construction of train ferry routes and their advantages over other combined transport types. It also deals with the basic features of the train ferries operating on the main international train ferry routes. The study is concerned with both sea routes and routes across rivers and lakes. The article shows the role of train ferry routes in the improvement of a national economy, and in the provision of the military defense. An analysis of numerous artefacts of the first third of the 20th century suggests that the production of many varieties of art-and-industrial ceramics developed in Halychyna, in particular architectural ceramic plastics, a variety of functional ceramics, decorative tiles, ceramic tiles, facing tiles, etc. The artistic features of Halychyna art ceramics, the richness of methods for decorating and shaping it, stylistic features, as well as numerous art societies, scientific and professional associations, groups, plants and factories specializing in the production of ceramics reflect the general development of this industry in the first half of the century and represent the prerequisites the emergence of the school of professional ceramics in Halychyna at the beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of the next paper is to analyze the formation and development of scientific and professional schools of art-and-industrial ceramics of Halychyna in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. During the environmental crisis, electric transport (e-transport) is becoming a matter for scientific inquiry, a subject of discussion in politics and among public figures. In the program for developing the municipal services of Ukraine, priorities are given to the development of the infrastructure of ecological transport: trolleybuses, electric buses, electric cars. The increased attention to e-transport on the part of the scientific community, politicians, and the public actualizes the study of its history, development, features of operation, etc. The aim of the next study is to highlight little-known facts of the history of production and operation of MAN trolleybuses in Ukrainian cities, as well as to introduce their technical characteristics into scientific circulation. The types, specific design solutions of the first MAN trolleybus generation and the prerequisites for their appearance in Chernivtsi have been determined. Particular attention has been paid to trolleybuses that were in operation in Germany and other Western European countries from the first half of the 1930s to the early 1950s. The paper traces the stages of operation of the MAN trolleybuses in Chernivtsi, where they worked during 1939–1944 and after the end of the Second World War, they were transferred to Kyiv. After two years of operation in the Ukrainian capital, the trolleybuses entered the routes in Dnipropetrovsk during 1947–1951. The purpose of the article by authors from the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies of Ukraine is to thoroughly analyze unpaved roads of the late 18th – early 19th century, as well as the project of the first wooden trackway as the forerunner of the Bukovyna railways. To achieve this purpose, the authors first reviewed how railways were constructed in the Austrian Empire during 1830s – 1850s. Then, in contrast with the first railway networks that emerged and developed in the Austrian Empire, the authors made an analysis of the condition and characteristics of unpaved roads in Bukovyna. In addition, the authors considered the first attempt to create a wooden trackway as a prototype and predecessor of the Bukovyna railway.

Andrzej Pastwa

Recollecting the elementary truth that matrimony is an institution established by the Creator so that humankind can implement His purpose of love and that the triune God reveals Himself in history and enters a salutary Covenant with His people making the matrimonial communio personarum a living image, which reflects His own image, might seem a truism. We aim to demonstrate in this study, however, the fact that some regularity deserves a moment’s thought. The clarity/transparency of this image constitutes a continuous challenge for the pastoral activity of the Church, in which an auxiliary, although, significant role is played by theological sciences. An uninterrupted dialogue with the pluralistic world of thought and ideas concerning the search for a fuller truth about man and subsequently, looking for an appropriate communication language for this truth is their domain. The fact the Second Vatican Council recommends such a language, which optimally harmonizes the vetera et nova of the Catholic matrimonial doctrine, is corroborated by the unmatched teacher of personalism Saint John Paul II when he proclaims: Within the perspective of authentic personalism, the teaching of the Church confirms the possibility of establishing matrimony as an indissoluble relationship (vinculum indissolubile) between spouses, through its essence directed towards the good of the very spouses and children (Address to the Roman Rota, 1997; Dignitas connubii Instruction, 2005). It is exactly this affirmation of the personal­-centric optics that currently opens up new possibilities: firstly, an appropriate look at the title canonical paradigm of indissolubility through the prisms of a properly understood (on the ground of anthropological realism) relationship between nature and culture, secondly, a convincing realization of the postulate of inspiring/evangelizing the legal culture, in which the Church exists and functions.

Steffen Bettin

A new phase of energy transition makes auxiliary technologies such as energy storage and other flexibility options more important. Economic policy that aims to steer this transition needs to grasp the complex system dynamics underlying energy and society. This conceptual article gives an overview of energy technology innovation theories that exemplify the growing importance of flexibility for electricity usage. First, the article presents different conceptualizations of technology innovation and diffusion. Second, how energy systems are embedded in physical infrastructures and social power relations is shown with a brief history of electricity in contemporary industrialized societies. Third, energy innovation is discussed in context of challenges of the upcoming energy transition. Fourth, energy technology innovations are further contextualized in light of insights from political economy and energy social sciences. Finally, the discussed approaches are synthesized to amend the holistic technology innovation system approach for studying energy technology innovations such as energy storage.

Brent K.S. Woodfill, Alexander E. Rivas

Collaborative or community archaeology as a methodological approach has a long history and is becoming increasingly common in the Maya world. This article draws from the authors’ experiences on three distinct archaeological projects to discuss the benefits and obstacles we confronted while conducting collaborative research with contemporary Maya communities as well as lessons we learned that can increase the odds of a mutually beneficial partnership. After summarizing the history of the research projects and the expectations for and contributions of the scientific and community stakeholders, we propose several characteristics that were particularly helpful. These include the need for all parties to engage in sincere and sustained dialogue, to be flexible, and to take others in account when making any plans that affect them. Most importantly, we urge archaeologists to collaborate with community endeavors beyond those that are directly related to their research, offering a few examples of how archaeological skills, equipment, and social capital can be used to address a wide range of local concerns beyond patrimony and heritage.

Mieczysław Mejor

Brygida Kürbis, a medievalist from Poznań, who died in 2001, thanks to her publications, contributed a lot to increasing the importance of both editing medieval chronicles and source studies, which are auxiliary sciences of history. The author deliberately modified the postulated rules and principles of publishing written sources in editorial practice, depending on the type of released texts and publishing capabilities, changing over time.

V. Barshteyn

INTRODUCTION The Auxiliary Sciences of History (Special Historical Disciplines (SHD) – in Ukraine) are scholarly disciplines which help evaluate and use historical sources and are seen as auxiliary for historical research. SHD which study certain types of sources (numismatics, bonistics, phaleristics, philately, etc.), more precisely, the objects studied by these disciplines (table or art medals, commemorative coins from the moment of their appearance, paper banknotes and philatelic production), have been increased their informativeness and got in recent decades new function. This function, which has not yet been formulated quite clearly and unequivocally by experts, is to be a historical material source (or a manual) for studying history of: sciences (biology, medicine, physics, chemistry, etc.), types of art (painting, music, sculpture, architecture, etc.), geography, politics, etc. We mean that using information which has contained by medals, coins, banknotes, stamps, postal blocks and other material sources, one can study history, for example, the history of entomology . Among SHD sources devoted to entomology majority are the objects of philately, which is natural, given their large circulations issued by most countries of the world 6, 7, 8, 9, . It should be noted that the vast majority of stamps are not dedicated to entomologists, but insects. At the same time, numerous table medals belonging to the SHD sources are dedicated to the entomologists. There are some publications about one or

Yamina Taibi-Maghraoui

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à l’onomastique, qui est une science auxiliaire de l’histoire et de la linguistique. Nous consacrons ce travail en particulier à l’anthroponymie à base religieuse. De ce fait nous nous interrogeons sur l’origine et la formation des anthroponymes inscrits sur deux périodes d’étude de 1875/1885 et de 1962 /2010. Il s’agit de deux corpus recensés aux services d’état civil de la ville de Mostaganem.Dans cette étude diachronique, notre objectif est de rendre compréhensibles les conditions historiques et religieuses ayant produit des catégories anthroponymiques formées à l’aide de bases religieuses.Religious anthroponymy in AlgeriaAbstract In this article, we are interested in Onomastics, which was, initially, an auxiliary science of History and Linguistics that   become a transdisciplinary science mobilizing other sciences such as Sociology, Marketing, Law, and Literature. We dedicate this work in particular to religious-based anthroponymy. As a result, we wonder about the origin and formation of anthroponyms recorded over two study periods of 1875/1885 and 1962/2010. These are two corpuses identified at the civil registry services of the city of Mostaganem. In this diachronic study, our goal is to make understandable the historical and religious conditions that produced anthroponymic categories formed using religious bases.Keywords: Anthropony; religion; forms; theophore; hegirian.

P. Grandcolas

Biology has already experienced great divides that decreased its global coherence and its ability to answer important scientific and societal concerns. For example in the XXth century, the so-called “Life Sciences” developed remarkably in comparison to Natural History sciences. This way, the approaches on model organisms dominated or prevented other approaches from being carried out on more diverse organisms, which may have given a misleading feeling of generality for the results obtained. Another great divide is at risk of developing now with the rise of what could be called “Digital Biology,” separating from other “material-based” approaches in its tendency to consider digital data only. Some biologists adopt a somewhat essentialist view of species and DNA, considering that enough knowledge is now accumulated, and that species records can be kept and saved as digital data only (Grandcolas 2017). Examples of this include occurrence records without specimens or auxiliary documents, taxonomic descriptions based on photographs, DNA sequences without vouchers, and, lastly, DNA sequences without taxonomic names. This tendency puts at risk the sustainability, growth, and coherence of biological knowledge that is organized in a system wherein all data and notions are connected via specimens, with names and sequences being a retrieval means (Troudet et al. 2018). This tendency also ignores the robust foundation of biology, the data of which are linked to collections, vouchers, and stocks. The foundation of physical specimens exists for data concerning any live beings, be they rare wild species or selected lines of model organisms. There are now many calls for open and FAIR science, with results, methods, tools, and data not only findable, accessible, and interoperable but also re-usable. More than FAIR and digitally re-usable, data need to be sustainable. It is needed that their meaning and significance can be re-analysed, re-interpreted by going back as far as possible to material vouchers. We urge then scientists to consider this question by providing all necessary material elements to make open and FAIR data sustainable as well.

Hansang Lee

Werner Paravicini

Artykul (publikowany wcześniej w jezykach francuskim i niemieckim) przynosi refleksje o kondycji historycznego warsztatu badawczego, jego roli w profesjonalnym przygotowaniu historykow i potrzebie uprawiania nauk pomocniczych. The paper (earlier published in French and German) brings a reflection on the condition of the historians’ research workshop, its role in the professional preparation of historians and the need for practicing auxiliary sciences of history.

R. Brázdil, A. Kiss, J. Luterbacher et al.

Gabriel de Oliveira

This work aimed to present a gamification practice using the Deborah game (Double Entry Bookeeping or Accounting History) with the purpose of promoting the engagement of 64 students in the subject of Accounting Theory in an undergraduate course in accounting sciences. It was found that although the students initially felt difficulties in advancing the stages of the game, they considered it as an auxiliary tool (67.7%) and determinant (33.3%) in the learning of the discipline and in the historical evolution of accounting. 1. Introdução A Gamificação na educação apresentase como uma ferramenta pedagógica que visa promover a participação ativa e engajamento de alunos no processo de ensinoaprendizagem. Estudos têm sido realizados a fim de dar visibilidade a essa modalidade de metodologia ativa em que os alunos podem se tornar aprendizes engajados e motivados em aprender [Freitas et al 2016]. Experiências com a criação de jogos para desenvolver competências [Alves, Hostins e Raabe 2017], a utilização de um game relacionado à uma disciplina [Mioto et al. 2017] ou até mesmo a utilização de elementos de um jogo visando cativar os alunos para determinado assunto [Freitas et al. 2016] são possibilidades de gamificar no processo educativo, tanto no ensino básico quando no ensino superior. O estudo dessas experiências no ensino superior tem tido bons resultados a exemplo de [Toda et al. 2016] que propuseram um método para gamificar no ensino das Ciências Biológicas e resultouse que o método foi considerado divertido, interessante e engajador e [Lemos et al. 2017] que ao propor a utilização de um game no ensino de anatomia humana no curso de enfermagem, observaram a união entre a eficiência do jogo como uma tecnologia educacional e o aprendizado dos alunos. Diante disso e da relevância em explorar ainda mais tal tema em outros cursos do ensino superior, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar uma prática pedagógica DOI: 10.5753/cbie.wcbie.2018.333 333 Anais dos Workshops do VII Congresso Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (WCBIE 2018) VII Congresso Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (CBIE 2018)