Hasil untuk "Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling"

C. Béné, R. Arthur, H. Norbury et al.

Wisdom Akpalu, Chukwuone Nnaemeka

Abstract Capture fisheries in many developing countries are overcapitalized and biologically overexploited, necessitating the promotion of aquaculture to mitigate the deficit in animal protein requirements, create jobs, reduce poverty, and improve the livelihoods of individuals and communities. Over the last two decades, total aquaculture output and its contribution to domestic fish production have surged, reaching 19% and 26% by 2021 (from 1% and 6% in 2000) in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. The two main species cultivated are tilapia and catfish. While Nigeria is Africa’s second-largest aquaculture producer, Ghana experienced the fastest growth in aquaculture production between 2006 and 2019. Despite the potential benefits, the sectors in both countries face critical challenges, including high feed costs and a lack of technical expertise. In addition, aquaculture can impose a negative externality on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. As a result, aquaculture’s social, economic, and environmental sustainability benefits are context and species-specific, hence an empirical conundrum. This study employs the Aquaculture Performance Indicators (APIs) for a comparative assessment of tilapia farms in Nigeria and Ghana. We found that the overall economic sustainability score is similar for both countries, but Ghana outperforms Nigeria marginally in social and environmental performance.

S. Cooke, S. C. Danylchuk, Sean R Tracey et al.

Recreational anglers often engage in catch-and-release (C&R) whereby some of their catch is returned to the water (either to comply with harvest regulations or voluntarily) with the assumption that fish will survive and experience negligible impacts. Despite the assumption that C&R is usually harmless to fish and, thus, helps reduce overall fishing mortality, a large evidence base shows a proportion of released fish will not survive. Even if the event is not lethal, each individual fish will experience some sublethal impact (e.g., injury and stress). There is some debate within the recreational fisheries science and management community regarding the extent to which sublethal impacts or even mortality of individual fish matter, given that fisheries management efforts often focus on whether excessive overall mortality affects population size or quality of angling. Here, we embrace the perspective that individual-level outcomes matter in the context of responsible and sustainable C&R in recreational fisheries and their management. We outline 10 reasons why there is a need to account for individual outcomes of C&R fish to generate resilient fisheries under a changing climate and in the face of other ongoing, increasing, and future threats and stressors. Fostering better handling practices and responsible behaviors within the angling community through education will improve interactions between fish and people while ensuring more successful releases and ecological benefits across fisheries. We acknowledge that cultural norms and values underpin ethical perspectives, which vary among individuals, regions (e.g., rural vs. urban), and geopolitical jurisdictions, and that these can dictate angler behavior and management objectives as well as how individual-level C&R impacts are perceived. Our perspective complements a parallel paper (see Corsi et al., 2025) that argues that individual fish outcomes do not matter unless they create population-level impacts. Creating a forum for discussing and reflecting on alternative viewpoints is intended to help identify common ground where there is opportunity to work collectively to ensure recreational fisheries are managed responsibly and sustainably.

Samson Afewerki, M. Olsen, Tonje C. Osmundsen et al.

This article aims to shed light on the recent sustainable transformation dynamics of the Norwegian aquaculture industry. Drawing on perspectives from the socio‐technical transition studies this article investigates how this process has been shaped by a specific policy instrument known as development licenses (DL) launched in 2015. The article captures the DL as a transformative innovation policy instrument and shows how this has played a key role in steering the directionality of the technological innovations in the sector to instigate the sustainable transformation process of the industry. The article reveals that the DL has prompted the emergence of new challenged‐oriented innovation systems through reorientation and reconfiguration processes. These processes specifically involved both the mobilization of actor‐networks in the industry, including a functional reorientation by the key regulatory organ—the Directorate of Fisheries—and harnessing locally available pre‐existing knowledge and skills—particularly in the Petro‐maritime industry. The licensing scheme means that the industry is currently in the process of transition to becoming a sector based on multiple aquaculture production technologies. However, we suggest that addressing the long‐term sustainable transformation imperatives of the sector will largely depend upon the ability to identify and support further development of promising niche aquaculture technologies.

S. G. Mitin, S. N. Seregin, A. Kolmakov et al.

The trends of recent years show that aquaculture products have already outstripped the products of industrial fisheries. The situation is understandable – the growing population of the Earth requires the production and consumption of more and more different types of food. And here fish products and seafood play an important role as sources of animal protein necessary for a full life of every person.  FAO forecasts an increase in aquaculture production to 201 million tons by 2030, with most of the increase coming from developing countries.

Senyue Tan, Jiamin Wei, Ailan Diao et al.

Previous studies showed that interplay between liver and adipose tissue was important for animals to adapt to high-fat diets (HFDs). While the mechanisms of adaptation to HFD are not fully understood in fish, we hypothesize that interaction between these key tissues will be crucial. The present study evaluated the physiological and biochemical characteristics and gene expression profiles of hepatopancreas and adipose tissue of Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus; initial weight, 20.01 ± 0.01 g) fed diets containing either 6% lipid (normal-fat diet [NFD]) or 12% lipid (HFD) for up to 10 weeks. While growth was not affected, serum and hepatopancreatic lipid contents increased significantly in tilapia fed HFD compared to fish fed NFD at 6 weeks (p <0.05). In addition, feeding HFD for 6 weeks induced hepatopancreatic injury as shown by increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in serum and higher expression of genes related to inflammation (tnfβ and il-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in hepatopancreas (p <0.05). However, after feeding HFD for 10 weeks, serum and hepatopancreatic lipid contents and injury indices decreased, whereas mesenteric fat index (MFI) and expression of genes related to glucose (GLU) metabolism (pfk, g6pd, and glut2) in hepatopancreas increased significantly compared to the NFD group (p <0.05). Significant expansion of mesenteric adipose tissue was observed in tilapia fed HFD, due mainly to adipocyte hypertrophy at 6 and 8 weeks and hyperplasia at 10 weeks. With the expansion of mesenteric adipose tissue, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammation increased at 8 weeks, but decreased at 10 weeks. The data indicated that excess dietary lipid accumulated initially in hepatopancreas of tilapia consuming HFD, but prolonged intake promoted mesenteric adipose tissue development, potentially mitigating hepatopancreas damage caused by excess lipid deposition. Additionally, enhanced hepatopancreatic glycolysis may contribute to the adaptation of tilapia to HFD intake.

Marwah Sifa Safira Mosyafwa, Ahmad Shofy Mubarak, Laksmi Sulmartiwi

Artemia salina is a natural food source known for its high nutritional quality. It is commonly used in larval rearing due to its ability to produce long-lasting cysts that can hatch at any time. These characteristics make A. salina very suitable for sustainable cultivation. In this study, the feed consisted of rice bran suspension enriched with Isolated Soy Protein (ISP) meal. The aim was to investigate the effect of different protein concentrations in the rice bran suspension feed on cyst production in A. salina broodstock. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments included P0 (without ISP meal, 25% protein concentration), P1 (ISP meal, 40% protein concentration), P2 (ISP meal, 45% protein concentration), P3 (ISP meal, 50% protein concentration), and P4 (ISP meal, 55% protein concentration). Data analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that variations in protein concentration with the addition of ISP flour had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on total cyst production and cyst production per broodstock of A. salina. The highest total cyst production (710.67 cysts/L) was achieved in P4 with a protein concentration of 55%, while the highest cyst production per broodstock (28.67 cysts/broodstock) occurred in P2 with a protein concentration of 45%.

Cláudia Aragão, Rita Colen, Rita Teodósio et al.

The aquaculture industry must continue to reduce its reliance on finite marine ingredients and promote biocircularity to enhance sustainability. This study evaluated the effects of no-fishmeal (FM) diets and fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) on the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Following established conditions, two FPHs were prepared from the enzymatic hydrolysis of discards from whole-body blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and gurnard heads (Trigla spp.); the former contained a higher proportion of large peptides (LPs), while the latter had more small peptides (SPs). Four isoproteic (48%) and isolipic (16%) diets were tested: a commercial (COM)-like diet with 35% FM, 10% poultry meal, and 5% soy protein concentrate; a FUTURE (FUT) diet, without FM or soy protein concentrate, containing 25% poultry meal; and two FUT diets supplemented with FPH (FUTLP and FUTSP). Gilthead seabream (initial weight ± 8.0 g) was distributed into 500 L tanks at an initial density of 1.4 kg m−3 and fed the experimental diets to apparent satiety for 8 weeks. Sampling was performed at the end of the growth trial, followed by a digestibility trial. Nutrient and energy digestibilities were significantly lower in the FUT than in the COM diet, with protein and energy digestibilities being 7% and 16% lower, respectively, in the FUT treatment, leading to higher nitrogen losses. Growth performance and feed utilization were negatively impacted in the FUT treatment, with weight gain of only 310 ± 33% compared to 482 ± 22% in the COM treatment. Additionally, immune responses in plasma and antioxidant status in the liver were slightly impaired in the FUT treatment. Supplementation of FPH to the FUT diet mitigated or even reversed these negative effects. The results confirmed that including small- and medium-sized peptides in no-FM diets is more beneficial than using larger ones.

Wahyu Fitrianda Mufti, Lisa Nesti, Suci Oktri Viarani

The great potential of fishery resources in the Indian Ocean can be optimally utilized by the community of West Sumatra if adequate fishery infrastructure is available. The development of this infrastructure should ideally synergize with the outputs and outcomes of previous coastal area development programs in West Sumatra. One initial step to create this synergy is to analyze the conditions of the capture fisheries and the available infrastructure in the coastal areas, namely fisheries facilities and infrastructures, as well as the capture fisheries area development programs. This research utilized data and information obtained from field observations, interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), questionnaire surveys, and secondary data from government agencies. The readiness of the area was assessed by the index of infrastructure availability relative to the infrastructure needs for the planned targets. The analysis concludes that the availability of fisheries facilities and infrastructures had a moderate category status, respectively 63% and 72%. Among several types of facilities, some still need to be constructed, such as clean water supply and ice factories to maintain the quality of fish.

J. Blanchard, R. Watson, E. Fulton et al.

A. T. Taylor, Zachary L. Bellapigna, Bruce G. Pohlot

As taxonomic studies revise our understanding of biodiversity, both fisheries managers and the angling public must adapt to best conserve fisheries. Unfortunately, communication gaps between scientists and anglers may result in lags and inaccuracies in the taxonomic information available to anglers. We updated the International Game Fish Association (IGFA)'s black bass Micropterus spp. world records to current taxonomic consensus. Seven new species were acknowledged for all‐tackle world record availability, and four of seven existing species records were revised. Florida Bass M. salmoides (formerly M. floridanus), Neosho Bass M. velox, and four members of the Redeye Bass species complex (M. cahabae, M. chattahoochae, M. tallapoosae, and M. warriorensis) are now recognized. Additionally, Alabama Bass M. henshalli—an emerging invasive species—is now distinguished from the smaller, broadly distributed Spotted Bass M. punctulatus. A misidentified specimen resulted in vacant all‐tackle records for Shoal Bass M. cataractae and Redeye Bass M. coosae. Genetic verification is warranted in the future, but implementation may create accessibility barriers to record submissions. We hope these efforts will encourage anglers to learn more about black bass diversity, to pursue their own world record catches, and to gain awareness of the conservation challenges threatening this iconic group.

Darus Sa'adah Johanis Paransa, Kurniati Kemer, Rene Charles Kepel et al.

The objective of this research was to identify the morphology and molecular profile of crab caught from the coast of Tambala Village, Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. Crabs were collected from the intertidal zone at night during the lowest tide. Crabs were morphological identified by description of shape, color and size of the carapace. Molecular identification was done through DNA barcoding including DNA extraction, amplification of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and electrophoresis. Morphological and genetic analysis identified the crab species as Metopograpsus oceanicus.

Heppy Septiawan, Bayu Primasari

Ikan hiu adalah jenis ikan bertulang rawan (Elasmobranchii) yang berperan sebagai predator puncak dalam rantai makanan dan juga memiliki peranan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem di lautan. Saat ini, keberadaan hiu terancam punah akibat aktivitas penangkapan berlebih yang disebabkan meningkatnya permintaan komoditas sirip di pasar internasional. Salah satu basis pendaratan hasil tangkapan hiu di Indonesia terletak di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Tegalsari Kota Tegal, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Tekanan terhadap populasi hiu di kawasan ini tidak hanya berasal dari peningkatan usaha tangkapan, namun juga dari kondisi perairan dan habitat yang terus mengalami degradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja pengelolaan perikanan hiu di PPP Tegalsari dengan pendekatan Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) serta menyusun rekomendasi untuk tindakan pengelolaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pengelolaan perikanan hiu di PPP Tegalsari berada pada kondisi baik dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan domain sebesar 73,39. Tindakan pengelolaan diprioritaskan pada domain ekonomi dan sumber daya ikan yaitu diversifikasi usaha dan kemudahan penyediaan akses permodalan bagi rumah tangga perikanan, membuat regulasi pembatasan upaya penangkapan dan ukuran minimal ikan hiu yang boleh ditangkap; serta peningkatan pengawasan terkait selektivitas alat tangkap dan metode penangkapan.

D. Pauly, D. Zeller

Abstract Comments are provided on several points in the 2016 State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture produced by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It is shown that data assembled by FAO from submissions by countries suggest a “stable” trend mainly because the declining catches of a number of countries with reliable statistics is compensated for by unreliable statistics from countries where reporting increasing catches may be politically expedient, e.g., China, Myanmar. Also, concerns are raised as to why FAO chose to ignore the well-documented data ‘reconstruction’ process, which fills the gaps that exist in data reported by countries to FAO. It is being ignored despite its importance for governance and resource conservation being well known. This process and its findings could be used by FAO to encourage countries to improve their data reporting, including retroactive corrections. This is important in view of successive analyses of the status of fisheries resources undertaken by FAO (published in current and past SOFIAs) and also in modified form by the Sea Around Us . This suggests a degradation of marine fisheries, and, if trends continue, a crisis by mid-century. Finally, comments are presented on the proposition that aquaculture will overtake wild capture fisheries in terms of food production, notably because current aquaculture requires huge quantities of wild-caught fish as feed. Indeed, this emphasis on aquaculture-as-substitute for fisheries raises issues of food security and malnutrition in developing countries, from which much of the fish used as feed originates.

S. Purcell, D. Williamson, P. Ngaluafe

Abstract Market prices of seafood underpin harvest and management strategies for fisheries and aquaculture. Beche-de-mer (processed, dried sea cucumbers) are highly valued in Asian markets. Market prices of Pacific Island beche-de-mer were previously reported from data collected in 2011. Recent economic slowdown in China and government austerity policy have dampened demand for certain luxury seafood products. This study presents updated data on prices, and relationships with product size, of beche-de-mer from 24 species of Indo-Pacific sea cucumbers sold in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, China. Average retail prices were highest in Hong Kong. Prices per individual increased exponentially with increasing beche-de-mer length for three high-value species, Holothuria fuscogilva (white teatfish), H. lessoni (golden sandfish) and H. scabra (sandfish). However, for seven other species, price per unit weight did not relate significantly to product length. Across 20 species, average prices increased by an average of 16.6% from 2011 to 2016, equating to an increase of 2.4% p.a., slightly exceeding China’s average CPI increase over the same period (2.1% p.a.). Products that were traditionally lower value appear more accepted in the marketplace. The analysed relationships offer rationale for large minimum legal size limits to improve the economic performance of fisheries for the high-value species H. fuscogilva, H. lessoni and H. scabra . The disproportionately high prices for larger specimens of these species also challenge a rethink of optimal harvest strategies for aquaculture operations. Lastly, the findings provide evidence of increasing demand and retail prices for these luxury seafood products in an ambiguous market climate.

K. Brander, K. Cochrane, M. Barangé et al.

H. Browman, S. Cooke, I. Cowx et al.

We revisit the evidence attributing sentience-pain-suffering to aquatic animals. The objective is to inform readers of the current state of affairs, to direct attention to where research is needed, and to identify “wicked” questions that are difficult to resolve unequivocally. By separating the ethical from the scientific debate, applying organized skepticism to the latter, and taking a pragmatic approach that does not depend on resolving the “wicked” questions, we hope to focus and strengthen research on aquatic animal welfare. A second but closely-related objective is to briefly summarize the research used to support the regulations governing the welfare of aquatic animals, particularly its limitations. If you interact with aquatic animals, these regulations already affect you. If the regulatory environment continues on its current trajectory (adding more aquatic animal taxa to those already regulated), activity in some sectors could be severely restricted, even banned. There are surely some lively debates and tough choices ahead. In the end, extending legal protection to aquatic animals is a societal choice, but that choice should not be ascribed to strong support from a body of research that does not yet exist, and may never exist, and the consequences of making that decision must be carefully weighed.

Mariana SOARES, Priscila GONÇALVES, Delano Dias SCHLEDER et al.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of protein hydrolysate of poultry by-product and swine liver in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei and its effect on the intestinal microbiota and on the enzymatic activity of the hepatopancreas. Shrimp (10.94 ± 0.90 g) were fed with diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of replacement of salmon by-product meal by protein hydrolysate, in triplicate. The hepatopancreas enzymatic activity and composition of intestinal microbiota was studied. It was observed that the protein hydrolysate in the diet changed the enzymatic activity of the shrimp when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Amylase activity increases directly with the percent of protein replacement in the diet. Metagenomic analysis revealed change in the gut biome of the shrimps. The increasing levels of protein replacement provided greater richness in the 75% and 100% treatments, were mainly related to changes in the abundances in the families Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae. A reduction in the abundance of the Vibrionaceae family was observed with the inclusion of protein hydrolysate in the diet. These results indicate that the protein hydrolysate demonstrated beneficial changes when added at concentrations of 25% in the diet of L. vannamei.

I. Cowx, Richard Ogutu-Owhayo