Hasil untuk "Applications of electric power"

M. Zhao, X. Xu, B. Zhu et al.

A large-scale database of two-dimensional UEDGE simulations has been developed to study detachment physics in KSTAR and to support surrogate models for control applications. Nearly 70 000 steady-state solutions were generated, systematically scanning upstream density, input power, plasma current, impurity fraction, and anomalous transport coefficients, with magnetic and electric drifts across the magnetic field included. The database identifies robust detachment indicators, with strike-point electron temperature at detachment onset consistently $T_\mathrm{e,{target}} \sim 3{-}4$ eV, largely insensitive to upstream conditions. Scaling relations reveal weaker impurity sensitivity than one-dimensional models and show that heat flux widths follow Eich’s scaling only for uniform, low D and χ . Distinctive in–out divertor asymmetries are observed in KSTAR, differing qualitatively from DIII-D. Complementary time-dependent simulations quantify plasma response to gas puffing, with delays of $5-15$ ms at the outer strike point and ∼ 40 ms for the low-magnetic-field-side radiation front. These dynamics are well captured by first-order-plus-dead-time models and are consistent with experimentally observed detachment-control behavior in KSTAR (Gupta et al 2025 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion (submitted)).

Julia Nako, Costas Psychalinos, Shahram Minaei

Simple designs of current-mode quadrature oscillators are presented in this work. The main achievement, with regards to the literature, is the minimization of the required transistor count accomplished by the utilization of a suitable lossless integration stage. The derived post-layout simulation results confirm the validity of the presented concept and show that the resulting structure has attractive characteristics in both frequency and time-domain.

Lefeng CHENG, Tao ZOU, Manqi NI et al.

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, there has been a profound structural transformation in electricity markets, particularly in the operational paradigm where demand-side resources participate in market mechanisms. This evolution underscores the critical role of demand-side flexibility in enhancing grid resilience and accelerating low-carbon transition pathways. The traditional supply-side regulation is gradually shifting towards a multi-agent decision-making model dominated by demand-side management, involving complex interactions among government, electricity suppliers, grid operators, and consumers. Evolutionary game theory (EGT), as an important tool for studying multi-agent dynamic games and strategy evolution, demonstrates unique advantages in analyzing demand-side participation in the electricity market. Unlike traditional game theory, EGT accounts for bounded rationality, incomplete information, and dynamic strategy adaptation, enabling effective analysis of market equilibrium and stability under different incentives and policy frameworks. A comprehensive review of the applications of EGT in the electricity market is provided in this paper, focusing on the strategy evolution and equilibrium mechanisms of demand-side participation. It explores how EGT helps to understand and predict strategy adjustments and the impact of policy incentives on market stability in multi-agent games. The paper also looks forward to future research directions. By organizing and analyzing the existing literature, this review offers a theoretical framework and practical reference for policymakers, market regulators, and researchers to facilitate the collaborative evolution and sustainable development of the electricity market under the context of renewable energy.

Wanlu Xie, Weili Li, Haoyue Tang et al.

Abstract The comparison between conventional single three‐phase permanent magnet (STP‐PM) machine and dual three‐phase permanent magnet (DTP‐PM) machine has primarily focused on performance and fault‐tolerance ability. However, electromagnetic vibration behaviour is one of vital indicator for evaluating the comprehensive performance of the machine. In this paper, the mechanism of the effect on the vibration performance of the STP‐PM machine and DTP‐PM machine with different winding layouts is analysed. First, the coil electromagnetic force phasor diagrams with different winding layouts are given. Moreover, the harmonic distribution of the armature magnetomotive force (MMF) and air‐gap electromagnetic force density (AEFD) in PM machines are analysed in detail, and vibration predictions are given. The result demonstrates that the PM machine with single‐layer winding exists high amplitude of the armature MMF sub‐harmonic components, especially at the first‐order, while the DTP‐PM machine can effectively suppress the fifth‐ and seventh‐ order harmonic components. And the AEFD amplitude at the major orders of DTP‐PM machine with double‐layer is the lowest which is of great significance to reduce vibration acceleration at 2fe. Finally, the modal test and vibration measurement for a manufactured 24slot/22pole DTP‐PM machine are carried out to validate the theoretical analysis and simulated results.

WANG Huating, CHEN Heng, XU Gang et al.

The energy saving and emission reduction transformation of thermal power enterprises can reduce the coal consumption of thermal power supply, and then effectively reduce the growth of carbon dioxide emissions, which is of great significance to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Taking a 630 MW unit as an example, the system units of four waste heat utilization schemes (low-temperature economizer scheme, secondary low-temperature economizer scheme, bypass flue scheme and turbine boiler coupling scheme) were compared, and the key technical parameters and power saving effect were compared and analyzed. Moreover, a reference for the upgrading and technical transformation of energy conservation and emission reduction in China’s power industry was put forward. The results show that the exhaust gas temperature is reduced to 90 ℃, The coal consumption rate of power supply is reduced by 1.88 g/(kW⋅h) in the low-temperature economizer scheme, 2.16 g/(kW⋅h) in the secondary low-temperature economizer scheme, 2.29 g/(kW⋅h) in the bypass flue scheme, and 2.66 g/(kW⋅h) in the turbine boiler coupling scheme.

Hikaru Makino, Toru Tanzawa

This paper is an extended version of a previously reported conference paper regarding a low-power design for NAND Flash. As the number of bits per NAND Flash die increases with cost scaling, the IO data path speed increases to minimize the page access time with a scaled CMOS in IOs. The power supply for IO buffers, namely, VDDQ, decreases from 3 V to 1.2 V, accordingly. In this paper, the way in which a reduction in VDDQ can contribute to power reduction in the BL path is discussed and validated. Conventionally, a BL voltage of about 0.5 V has been supplied from a supply voltage source (VDD) of 3 V. The BL path power can be reduced by a factor of VDDQ to VDD when the BL voltage is supplied by VDDQ. To maintain a sense margin at the sense amplifiers, the supply source for BLs is switched from VDDQ to VDD before sensing. As a result, power reduction and an equivalent sense margin can be realized at the same time. The overhead of implementing this operation is an increase in the BL access time of about 2% for switching the power supply from VDDQ to VDD and an increase in the die size of about 0.01% for adding the switching circuit, both of which are not significant in comparison to the significant power reduction in the BL path power of the NAND die of about 60%. The BL path is then designed in 180 nm CMOS to validate the design. When the cost for powering the SSD becomes quite significant, especially for data centers, an additional lower voltage supply, such as 0.8 V, dedicated to BL charging for read and program verifying operations may be the best option for future applications.

ZHOU Haifeng, XU Wei, SHA Licheng et al.

Based on the new energy power prediction data with the highest probability of occurrence to check the security and stability of the deterministic dispatching plan, the conclusion is quite different from the actual situation of the power grid. In order to improve the adaptability of the results, a security and stability checking method of dispatching plan considering uncertainty of new energy is proposed. Based on the quantitative assessment results of the safety and stability of traditional deterministic dispatching plan, a safety and stability margin minimization model with confidence interval constraints on the predicted power of new energy stations is constructed to realize effective identification of high-risk planning modes. Based on the active power sensitivity, the equivalence aggregation and uncertainty variable dimensionality reduction of new energy stations are carried out to improve the efficiency of the security and stability margin minimization model. Based on the parallel processing platform, the multi-mode grouping parallel security check of the dispatching plan is carried out. The results of security and stability check considering the uncertainty of new energy power prediction are obtained. The proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy and timeliness of the security and stability check of the high-proportion new energy grid dispatching plan. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an actual grid case.

Vicentiu-Iulian Savu, Chris Brace, Georg Engel et al.

Equivalent circuit models represent one of the most efficient virtual representations of battery systems, with numerous applications supporting the design of electric vehicles, such as powertrain evaluation, power electronics development, and model-based state estimation. Due to their popularity, their parameter extraction and model parametrization procedures present high interest within the research community, with novel approaches at an elementary level still being identified. This article introduces and compares in detail two novel parameter extraction methods based on the distinct application of least squares linear regression in relation to the autoregressive exogenous as well as the state-space equations of the double polarization equivalent circuit model in an iterative optimization-type manner. Following their application using experimental data obtained from an NCA Sony VTC6 cell, the results are benchmarked against a method employing differential evolution. The results indicate the least squares linear regression applied to the state-space format of the model as the best overall solution, providing excellent accuracy similar to the results of differential evolution, but averaging only 1.32% of the computational cost. In contrast, the same linear solver applied to the autoregressive exogenous format proves complementary characteristics by being the fastest process but presenting a penalty over the accuracy of the results.

Abderrahim Zemmit, Yacine Benchenina, Mohammed Moustafa Bouzaki et al.

In this study, we engineered an advanced electrolyzer utilizing Matlab Simscape. Our primary objective is to Green hydrogen production has emerged as a cornerstone for achieving sustainable energy transitions. Electrolyzer systems play a pivotal role in converting renewable energy into hydrogen, yet their performance is heavily influenced by the design, operation, and integration with renewable energy sources. This study presents an advanced modeling and simulation framework for electrolyzers, emphasizing the optimization of green hydrogen production under dynamic operational conditions. The proposed model incorporates key factors such as temperature, pressure, and electrical input variability to accurately predict electrolyzer performance. By integrating renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, and employing novel optimization techniques, this study demonstrates significant improvements in efficiency and hydrogen yield. Comprehensive validation is performed using real-world data, highlighting the model's applicability for large-scale deployment. This research provides a robust foundation for developing cost-effective, efficient, and sustainable green hydrogen production systems, addressing critical challenges in renewable energy integration and contributing to the global energy transition.

Xueying Qiu, Pan Sun, Enguo Rong et al.

Abstract In some wireless charging applications where the coil spacing varies in real time, such as UAV, electric boat and tram, etc., the traditional direct impedance matching method is difficult to identify the mutual inductance timely and accurately, thus affecting the efficiency optimization effect of the system. In this paper, an indirect impedance matching method without parameter identification is proposed, this method is based on the characteristic that the optimal voltage gain of the resonator is only related to its inherent parameters, and impedance matching can be achieved by controlling the voltage gain in real time. To further improve the efficiency of the system, a single-sided detuning design method is used to achieve soft switching of the inverter. Based on the optimal voltage gain expression derived by using both the indirect impedance matching method and the single-sided detuning design method, a compound control strategy for a series-series-compensated topology with dual-side power control is proposed to improve efficiency and stabilize the output voltage. A hardware prototype is built and a peak DC-to-DC efficiency with the optimal output resistance R L at about 28.9 Ω is 91.58%. When the output resistance R L is 100 Ω, the efficiency improved by 7% after using the proposed strategy.

Vasiliev Mikhail, Rosenberg Victor, Goodfield David et al.

A number of modern glass and window products based on novel glazing designs, low-emissivity thin-film coatings, and proprietary fluorescent interlayer types have been developed recently. Advanced windows of today can control properties such as thermal emissivity, heat gain, colour, and transparency. In novel glass products, solar energy harvesting through PV integration is also featured, enabled by either patterned-semiconductor thin-film energy conversion surfaces, or by using luminescent concentrator-type approaches to achieve higher transparency. Typically, semitransparent and also highly-transparent PV windows are purpose-designed, for applications in construction industry and agrivoltaics (greenhousing), to include special types of luminescent materials, diffractive microstructures, and customized glazing systems and electric circuitry. Recently, significant progress has been demonstrated in building integrated high-transparency solar windows (featuring visible light transmission of up to 70%, with electric power output Pmax ∼ 30−33 Wp/m2, e.g. ClearVue PV Solar Windows); these are expected to add momentum towards the development of smart cities and advanced agrivoltaics in greenhouse installations. At present (in 2023), these ClearVue window designs are the only type of visually-clear and deployment-ready construction materials capable of providing significant energy savings in buildings, simultaneously with a significant amount of renewable energy generation. The objective of this study is to place the recent industrialised development of ClearVue® PV window systems into a broader context of prior studies in the field of luminescent concentrators, as well as to provide some details on the measured performance characteristics of several ClearVue window design types deployed within the building envelope of a research greenhouse, and to elucidate the corresponding differences in their energy harvesting behaviour. An evaluation of the practical applications potential of these recently developed transparent agrivoltaic construction materials is provided, focussing on the measured renewable energy generation figures and the seasonal trends observed during a long-term study. This article reports on the measured performance characteristics of research greenhouse-based agrivoltaic installation constructed at Murdoch University (Perth, Australia) in early 2021.The solar greenhouse at Murdoch University has demonstrated great potential for commercial food production with significant energy savings due to on-site energy production from its building envelope.

LI Jianlin, SHAO Chenxi, ZHANG Zedong et al.

Hydrogen energy is an important part of China's new energy system,and its market scale and application scenarios are also expanding. Under the guidance of various national policies,provinces and cities have issued relevant policies in the fields of fuel cell vehicles and other fields according to their regional characteristics,which has accelerated the pace of hydrogen energy commercialization to a certain extent. In terms of fuel cells and other aspects,this paper sorted out the national and local hydrogen energy policies,and analyzed the application fields of hydrogen energy,the policy points of the future development planning of provinces and cities,and the profit model. Finally,the corresponding suggestions and prospects were given for the current process of hydrogen energy commercialization,which provide a reference for improving the efficiency of hydrogen energy in the future.

Alessandro Lidozzi, Marco di Benedetto, Thierry A. Meynard et al.

After several decades of technological evolution, power electronics applications have become extremely important for electric/hybrid propulsion systems, smart grids, renewable energy systems, energy saving, and bulk energy storage, besides the typical applications in industrial automation and high-efficiency energy systems. In all these applications, a power conversion system with high efficiency and power density is required without sacrificing the system's power quality. The paper describes the specific characteristics and the scalar modulation strategy of a new multi-level multiplexed inverter topology for medium-voltage AC applications. The proposed power converter configuration is intended for high-power applications aiming to reduce the active device's voltage rating and losses exhibiting a resulting low switching frequency of the power switches. The proposed modulation strategy aims to reduce the computational burden and simplify the implementation process, which are at the basis of any possible industrial adoption. Simulation results and full Hardware-In-the-Loop verification support the analysis. The Hardware-In-the-Loop assessment has enabled the development of a suitable modulation strategy, and the testing of the power converter is a safe environment.

LIU Jun, DEND Yi, YANG Yanxi et al.

Ash plugging of the rotary air preheater widely used in large-scale power station often occurs and even reduces the efficiency of the boiler in sever cases. Therefore, a deep learning-based method was proposed for analyzing the evolution of ash accumulation for the infrared compensation images of the air preheater rotor. The sample data of the infrared compensation images of air preheater rotor was preprocessed, and the denoised image was transformed into the gray-level curve image, and the Gaussian filtering method was used for the image enhancement. Then, the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was established, the correlation statistics were calculated, and five different types of texture feature parameters of angular second moment (ASM) energy, contrast, entropy, inverse difference moment (IDM) and correlation were extracted. Finally, a deep belief network (DBN) model was established, which was trained with those preprocessed infrared images. The testing results show that the proposed method can not only detect effectively and monitor the ash accumulation of the air preheater rotor, but also predict the occurrence of ash blockage in advance, so as to guide the operators to optimize the operation of the ash blowing system and ensure the normal operation of the air preheater.

Jian Wang, Xi Wang, Chaoqun Ma et al.

Abstract With the advent of the electric power big data era, semantic interoperability and interconnection of power data have received extensive attention. Knowledge graph technology is a new method describing the complex relationships between concepts and entities in the objective world, which is widely concerned because of its robust knowledge inference ability. Especially with the proliferation of measurement devices and exponential growth of electric power data empowers, electric power knowledge graph provides new opportunities to solve the contradictions between the massive power resources and the continuously increasing demands for intelligent applications. In an attempt to fulfil the potential of knowledge graph and deal with the various challenges faced, as well as to obtain insights to achieve business applications of smart grids, this work first presents a holistic study of knowledge‐driven intelligent application integration. Specifically, a detailed overview of electric power knowledge mining is provided. Then, the overview of the knowledge graph in smart grids is introduced. Moreover, the architecture of the big knowledge graph platform for smart grids and critical technologies are described. Furthermore, this paper comprehensively elaborates on the application prospects leveraged by knowledge graph oriented to smart grids, power consumer service, decision‐making in dispatching, and operation and maintenance of power equipment. Finally, issues and challenges are summarised.

Muhammad Aqeel Anwar, Ghulam Abbas, Irfan Khan et al.

Due to the impediments of voltage source inverter and current source inverter, Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) has become notorious for better power quality in low and medium power applications. Several modifications are proposed for impedance source in the form of Quasi Z-Source Inverter (QZSI) and Neutral Point Clamped Z-Source Inverter (NPCZSI). However, due to the discontinuity of the source current, NPCZSI is not suitable for some applications, i.e., fuel cell, UPS, and hybrid electric vehicles. Although in later advancements, source current becomes continuous in multilevel QZSI, low voltage gain, higher shoot-through duty ratio, lesser availability of modulation index, and higher voltage stress across switches are still an obstacle in NPCZSI. In this research work, a three-level high voltage gain Neutral Point Clamped Inverter (NPCI) that gives three-level AC output in a single stage, is proposed to boost up the DC voltage at the desired level. At the same time, it detains all the merits of previous topologies of three-level NPCZSI/QZSI. Simulations have been done in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to show the effectiveness of the proposed inverter topology.

Fanny Spagnolo, Fabio Frustaci, Stefania Perri et al.

Connected component analysis is one of the most fundamental steps used in several image processing systems. This technique allows for distinguishing and detecting different objects in images by assigning a unique label to all pixels that refer to the same object. Most of the previous published algorithms have been designed for implementation by software. However, due to the large number of memory accesses and compare, lookup, and control operations when executed on a general-purpose processor, they do not satisfy the speed performance required by the next generation high performance computer vision systems. In this paper, we present the design of a new Connected Component Labeling hardware architecture suitable for high performance heterogeneous image processing of embedded designs. When implemented on a Zynq All Programmable-System on Chip (AP-SOC) 7045 chip, the proposed design allows a throughput rate higher of 220 Mpixels/s to be reached using less than 18,000 LUTs and 5000 FFs, dissipating about 620 μJ.

Marius Lolea, Simona Dzitac, Eva Barla et al.

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the calculation methods of the electromagnetic field(EMF) parameters in relation to the possibilities of implementation in some software applications. The software applications referred to are generated either by developing numerical analysis and simulation algorithms using general software or by accessing modules designed to solve electromagnetic field problems within dedicated software products. Some correlations are made between the calculation of EMF's characteristic sizes and the possibilities for PC implementation, taking into account certain criteria such as the advantages or deficiencies of applying calculation models, the approximations and rendering of real phenomena, computational errors and calculating time etc. The examples of the paper are focused especially on numerical analysis solutions adapted to the components of electrical networks or equipments specific to the electric power domain.

V. S. Ostrenko

Ця стаття присвячена обгрунтуванню методики визначення додатку до значення теплового опору напівпровідникового приладу для постійного струму, який дає можливість визначити максимальну температуру напівпровідникової структури приладу при навантажені імпульсами струму.