Hasil untuk "Metaphysics"

Michael J. Ardoline

Yu Xia, Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch

In this paper, I deal with Heidegger’s evolving account of metaphysics, since Heidegger’s persistent concern, the question of being, is a basic metaphysical question. To date, most Heidegger scholars have focused only on a particular stage of Heidegger’s philosophy: either his early attempt to deconstruct metaphysics, or his efforts to overcome metaphysics in the 1930s, or his late embrace of ‘releasement’ from metaphysics. However, these limited approaches fail to address Heidegger’s different understandings of metaphysics, which lie at the root of his changing approaches to the question of being. They also fail to explain whether there is any inner connection between the various approaches. Further, given Heidegger’s unremittingly negative attitude towards metaphysics, some scholars have even maintained that Heidegger thought it both possible and desirable to leave metaphysics behind altogether. I address these issues first by arguing that metaphysics for Heidegger has three interconnected meanings: initially it is the representation of the totality of things that are present-at-hand, a view subsequently developed into subjective representational thinking, and finally radicalized into an expression of the will to power. At each stage, Heidegger critiques the metaphysical tradition but never claims that it can be fully eliminated, since it is a mode of Dasein’s being and ultimately possiblized by being itself. For this reason, Heidegger’s own philosophy of being remains inseparable from metaphysics.

I. A. Babenko

The article considers five stages in the history of the discovery and attempts to substantiate Mendeleev’s periodic system of chemical elements. The first stage consists in the accumulation, systematic analysis of extensive empirical material and in the direct establishment of the periodic law of chemical elements by Mendeleev. At the second stage, attempts were made to atomic-electronic explanation of the periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of elements on the basis of quantum mechanics and the Pauli principle. The third stage is associated with the development of nuclear physics, as well as with the development of such chemical methods as radiochemical analysis, the chromatographic method of color, etc. At the fourth stage, a solution to the problem was proposed on the basis of group theory in the quantum mechanical understanding. The fifth stage is based on the relational substantiation of the periodic system of chemical elements of the Mendeleev’s table, corresponding to the method of describing hadrons.

N. V Gabdreeva, T. V Marsheva, G. S Kalinina

The paper deals with the problem of lacunarity, that is, the allomorphism of languages of different structures on heterogeneous material: translations of different times, lexicographic sources and opinion poll data of native speakers of the same language who study Russian, ways of eliminating lacunae at various historical stages in the development of the lexical system of different languages and the mismatch of signs of nomination, and also describes vector lacunarity in the speech etiquette of the Russian language from the point of view of translation into Arabic. The main approaches to the study of the phenomenon of lacunarity in modern linguistics are considered. A typology of lacunarity is proposed based on the material of languages with different structures.

D. G Egorov

The main problems of the concepts of consciousness: explanation of the mechanism of the psyche; substantiation of free will; tabula rasa problem; the nature of the principles of scientific theories and morality - do not have a satisfactory solution within the framework of materialistic concepts. There are reasons to believe that consciousness goes beyond space-time, which leads to the idea of substantiating the nature of consciousness from the standpoint of the relational paradigm of theoretical physics.

Elizabeth C. Shaw, Staff, James Chamberlain

S. A Vekshenov

The article makes an attempt to comprehend the worldview paradigms based on the dialectic of the concepts “part” - “whole”, on the one hand, and “time” - “eternity,” on the other. These paradigms are realized in theological concepts, mathematical theories and social doctrines. It is the social embodiment of these paradigms that is most acute. Analyzing the world of sets and its broader context of Neoplatonism, one can formulate a hypothesis about deep collisions of the leading doctrine of modern society and possible ways of resolving these collisions.

Gianni Vattimo

In this article, Italian philosopher and politician Gianni Vattimo (born 1936) problematizes the concept of “the end of metaphysics,” which was announced in the 20th century. In Vattimo’s opinion, the early 21st century sees a return of metaphysics. This points to a certain human need. Starting from two classic narratives – Friedrich Nietzsche’s postulation of the death of God, and Martin Heidegger’s critique of metaphysics – Vattimo proposes two alternatives: a «metaphysics of the authorized» and the «metaphysics of the downtrodden». Although the former has discredited itself, the latter hasn’t. It may be this latter metaphysics that answers the profound human need without offering totalitarian forms of control, oppression, or certainty in the existence of a single truth for all.

This volume collects together eleven essays on Alexander Baumgarten’s Metaphysics and its relation to the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The early chapters examine Baumgarten’s philosophy in its historical context, including its link with both Pietism and rationalism. The later chapters explore the many ways in which Kant criticized and built upon Baumgarten’s Metaphysics.

J. P. Moreland

Shawn Loht

Lucille Cairns

‘The Metaphysics and Poesis of Israel’ discusses the potency and ambivalence of Jerusalem as an aporetic ideal. It analyses the many connections relating to Israel, including those between the state of Israel and the Arab-Muslim world; Israelis and Palestinians; diasporic Jews and Israelis; religious and secular Israelis; and finally Ashkenazi and Sephardi/Mizrahi Israelis. The chapter also considers the image of Israel as marked by madness as well as the significance of the Hebrew language. Cairns concludes with a consideration on the frontier between Israelis living within internationally recognized Israeli boundaries and those living in the Occupied Territories.

Malcolm Schofield

Jacques Brunschwig

Abstract A 9 is both quite famous and quite short. At first reading, it looks like a sort of appendix to A 7, separated from it by the excursus on astronomy in A 8. It is officially devoted to the discussion of ‘some difficulties’2 concerning ‘the questions about intellect’.3 However, because of the number of these difficulties, the structure of the chapter is often described as fairly disorderly.4 Indeed, many commentators think that Aristotle does not clearly distinguish the questions he raises, that he answers them in a way which does not indicate which question he is actually answering, and that he leaves some of them without any answer. This assessment is perhaps a little less fair than is often thought.