Hasil untuk "Political Science"

Cyrill Otteni

This study examines how women’s political empowerment influences the gender gap in non-institutionalized political participation (protest, boycott and petition signing). It argues that gender differences in participation diminish as women attain greater political empowerment, defined as increasing equality in civil liberties, agency in civil society and public discourse, and political representation. Moreover, this paper emphasizes the significance of women’s political empowerment during the crucial formative years in young women’s political socialization. This study employs two extensive comparative survey datasets merged with data on female political empowerment from Varieties of Democracy, spanning nearly four decades and including 100 countries. Findings demonstrate that women’s political empowerment significantly reduces gender inequalities in non-institutionalized political participation, with the strongest effect occurring during the formative years. This research advances the understanding of the gender gap in political participation by demonstrating the pivotal role of women’s empowerment and the enduring influence of early socialization experiences.

Max Kaase

'Is democracy working?' was the theme of the International Political Science Association’s s 20th Political Science World Congress held in Fukuoka, Japan, in 2006, and it remains a fundamental theme for political science around the globe. In this article,1 I will discuss the historical development of the study of democracy through public opinion and behavior research. The article starts with a brief sketch of developments in Western democracies after World War II. With a general emphasis on comparative micro-survey research, it then traces major trends in the empirical study of political participation, with a particular emphasis on the Political Action Study (Barnes et al., 1979; Jennings et al., 1990). The significance of this study resides in its opening the way for political science to consider non-institutionalized acts of political participation not as a threat to pluralist democracies, but rather as an extension of the political repertory of democratic citizens. The article then discusses potential reasons for the observed unexpected decline of political support in Western democracies after the demise of totalitarian communism through the ‘velvet revolution’ in Central and Eastern Europe. In the conclusion, the article speculates about future developments in democratic governance in the light of encompassing social, economic and technological developments such as globalization and the Internet revolution.

Benjamin Storey

John S. Nelson

Mark D. Brewer

Social class is a concept that has proven notoriously difficult to define despite the fact that seemingly everyone thinks they know what it means. Despite the ambiguity surrounding the concept, most would agree that social class involves differentials in resources, economic positions, and status among various individuals and groups in a particular society. Whether and/or how such differentials affect the political organization and governance of the society in question is the primary focus of analyses of class and politics. Many would claim that the place of social class in politics has been a central question of those who study politics since the time of Aristotle, who famously argued in his Politics that the type of government a city had was determined by which social class held political power. Still others would argue that the examination of class and politics goes back even further to Aristotle’s teacher Plato, who in his Republic had Socrates explain that a truly just city requires its inhabitants be divided into three groupings based on natural abilities (and also age)—rulers, guardians, and farmers and craftsmen—and charged the guardians with preventing both wealth and poverty from entering the city because of the fact that the presence of either inevitably corrupts justice. Either way, it is clear that the concern with how the two interact goes back a long time. This entry looks specifically the role of social class in American politics. While it was once asserted by some that the United States was a classless society, or at least a society where class was irrelevant in the nation’s politics, it is now virtually unanimously accepted that social class has mattered politically. The leading pieces of research on this matter are briefly addressed here.

Kumkum Roy

Susan Welch

Kristi Andersen

Nolan McCarty

Bernard M. Jones

Gerald de Maio

L. J. Hume

Gunda Cannon-Kern, Theo Stammen

Mary E. Guy

Editors Philippine Political Science Journa

Scott D. Johnston, Lucian Pye