Myles B. Sherman, Nikita Kosogorov, Casey Law
et al.
We describe the design and commissioning tests for the DSA-110 Not-So-Fast Radio Burst (NSFRB) search pipeline, a 1.4GHz image-plane single-pulse search sensitive to 134ms-160.8s radio bursts. Extending the pulse width range of the FRB search by 3 orders of magnitude, the NSFRB search is sensitive to the recently-discovered Galactic Long Period Radio Transients (LPRTs or LPTs). The NSFRB search operates in real-time, utilizing a custom GPU-accelerated search code, \texttt{cerberus}, implemented in Python with JAX. We summarize successful commissioning sensitivity tests with continuum sources and pulsar B0329+54, estimating the 90% completeness $25σ$ flux (fluence) limit to be ~1200mJy (~160Jy ms). Future tests of recovery of longer timescale transients, e.g. CHIME J1634+44, are planned to supplement injection testing and B0329+54 observations. An offline DSA-110 NSFRB Galactic Plane Survey was conducted to search for LPRTs, covering $-3.5^\circ<b<5.7^\circ$ and $141^\circ<l<225^\circ$ (~770 square degrees) in Galactic coordinates. We estimate an upper limit Poissonian burst rate ~2 hr$^{-1}$ per square degree (~17 hr$^{-1}$} per $3^\circ\times3^\circ$ survey grid cell) maximized across the inner $|b|<0.25^\circ$ of the surveyed region. By imposing the ~1200mJy flux limit on two representative models (the magnetar plastic flow model and the White Dwarf-M Dwarf binary model), we reject with 95% confidence the presence of White Dwarf-M Dwarf binary LPRTs (beamed in a detectable direction) with periods between ~10-50s within ~95% of the surveyed region. Combined with the prevalence of LPRTs in the Galactic Plane, our results motivate further consideration of both White Dwarf-M Dwarf binary models and isolated magnetar models. We will continue to explore novel LPRT search strategies during real-time operations, such as triggered periodicity searches and additional targeted surveys.
We analyze the equivalents of the celebrated arcsine laws for Brownian motion undergoing Poissonian resetting. We obtain closed-form formulae for the probability density functions of the corresponding random variables in the cases of the first and second arcsine law. Furthermore, we obtain numerical results for the third law.
Background Living Labs have become established in European research as environments for user-centered innovation and co-creation. Yet, their potential as pedagogical infrastructures remains underexplored. This study investigates how Living Labs can foster experiential learning within EU-funded security research, focusing on the Horizon Europe project TENACITy , which integrates Living Labs into law enforcement training, offering a unique opportunity to examine how such settings can enhance adult and professional learning. Methods A qualitative research design was applied, combining semi-structured interviews with officers from Passenger Information Units (PIUs) who participated in Living Lab sessions and document analysis of project materials, including Deliverable D4.1 Training Methodology and Curricula . Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in participants’ accounts, interpreted through the theoretical lenses of experiential learning, andragogy, transformative learning and communities of practice. Results Five interrelated dimensions of learning were identified: (1) active engagement and concrete experience, (2) processing and dialoguing, (3) linking experience to theory and practice, (4) testing and applying new knowledge and (5) preparation, support, and learning conditions. These dimensions demonstrate how Living Labs operationalize Kolb’s experiential learning cycle, embody Knowles’ principles of self-directed and problem-centered learning, align with Illeris’ holistic model integrating cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions, and reflect Wenger’s emphasis on collective meaning-making. Limitations included tool immaturity, reliance on synthetic datasets, and uneven facilitation. Conclusions Living Labs represent hybrid ecosystems that combine innovation and learning. When intentionally designed and pedagogically facilitated, they can strengthen professional capacity building by linking technological development with authentic, reflective, and collaborative learning. The findings suggest that Living Labs should be embedded as integral, sustained components of training in EU-funded research projects, reinforcing the reciprocal relationship between innovation and education.
Kohta Murase, Conor M. B. Omand, Deanne L. Coppejans
et al.
Fast-rotating pulsars and magnetars have been suggested as the central engines of super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe) and fast radio bursts, and this scenario naturally predicts non-thermal synchrotron emission from their nascent pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). We report results of high-frequency radio observations with ALMA and NOEMA for three SLSNe (SN 2015bn, SN 2016ard, and SN 2017egm), and present a detailed theoretical model to calculate non-thermal emission from PWNe with an age of about 1-3 yr. We find that the ALMA data disfavors a PWN model motivated by the Crab nebula for SN 2015bn and SN 2017egm, and argue that this tension can be resolved if the nebular magnetization is very high or very low. Such models can be tested by future MeV-GeV gamma-ray telescopes such as AMEGO.
This paper demonstrates the additive and multiplicative version of a long-run law of unexpected shocks for any economic variable. We derive these long-run laws by the martingale theory without relying on the stationary and ergodic conditions. We apply these long-run laws to asset return, risk-adjusted asset return, and the pricing kernel process and derive new asset pricing implications. Moreover, we introduce several dynamic long-term measures on the pricing kernel process, which relies on the sample data of asset return. Finally, we use these long-term measures to diagnose leading asset pricing models.
An essential role of information in microscopic thermodynamics (e.g. Maxwell's demon) opens a challenging question if there exists a formulation of the second law of thermodynamics based only on pure information ideas. Here, such a formulation is suggested for unitary processes by introducing information as a full-valuable physical quantity defining an (objective) microscopic information entropy as 'information about microstate'. We show that various forms of entropy (Boltzmann, Shannon, Clausius) are in fact only a special cases of information entropy whose general form is found out. An observer plays here the role of a special (information) reference frame (IRF) towards which the entropy is defined. Some paradoxes or misunderstandings connected with the concept of entropy or the content of the second law arise by describing a situation without specifying a concrete IRF. Typically, the Boltzmann statistical approach cannot be symmetrically used towards the past as towards the future in one IRF. The information second law is full usable at meso- or microscopic scales: the information form of the generalized second law is found out too.
This paper consider the mesoscopic limit of a stochastic energy exchange model that is numerically derived from deterministic dynamics. The law of large numbers and the central limit theorems are proved. We show that the limit of the stochastic energy exchange model is a discrete heat equation that satisfies Fourier's law. In addition, when the system size (number of particles) is large, the stochastic energy exchange is approximated by a stochastic differential equation, called the mesoscopic limit equation.
We re-visit the Area Law in Turbulence discovered many years ago \cite{M93} and verified recently in numerical experiments\cite{S19}. We derive this law in a simpler way, at the same time outlining the limits of its applicability. Using the PDF for velocity circulation as a functional of the loop in coordinate space, we obtain explicit formulas for vorticity correlations in presence of velocity circulation. These functions are related to the shape of the scaling function of the PDF as well as the shape of the minimal surface inside the loop. The background of velocity circulation does not eliminate turbulence but makes observable quantities in inertial range \textbf{calculable}. The scaling dimension of velocity circulation as a function of large area remains unknown. Numerical experiments \cite{S19} suggest transition for log-log derivative of circulation moments $\left<Γ^p\right>$ by the loop area from Kolmogorov index $\frac{2p}{3}$ at $p <4$ down to approximately $0.58 p$ for $4 \leq p \leq 10$ within available Reynolds numbers. We argue that Area Law applies to these moments only in the limit $p\rightarrow \infty$ when they are dominated by the tails of the PDF. So, these numerical experiments suggest that the scaling index in Area law is less then $\frac{2}{3}$.
Charles J. Law, Dan Milisavljevic, Kyle N. Crabtree
et al.
Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features commonly observed in optical/near-infrared spectra of stars and thought to be associated with polyatomic molecules that comprise a significant reservoir of organic material in the universe. However, the central wavelengths of almost all DIBs do not correspond with electronic transitions of known atomic or molecular species and the specific physical nature of their carriers remains inconclusive despite decades of observational, theoretical, and experimental research. It is well established that DIB carriers are located in the interstellar medium, but the recent discovery of time-varying DIBs in the spectra of the extragalactic supernova SN2012ap suggests that some may be created in massive star environments. Here we report evidence of short time-scale (10-60 d) changes in DIB absorption line substructure toward 3 of 17 massive stars observed as part of a pathfinder survey of variable DIBs conducted with the 1.5-m Tillinghast telescope and Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph (TRES) at Fred L. Whipple Observatory. The detections are made in high-resolution optical spectra (R = 44000) having signal-to-noise ratios of 5-15 around the 5797 and 6614 angstrom features, and are considered significant but requiring further investigation. We find that these changes are potentially consistent with interactions between stellar winds and DIB carriers in close proximity. Our findings motivate a larger survey to further characterize these variations and may establish a powerful new method for probing the poorly understood physical characteristics of DIB carriers.
Gompertz's law tells us that for humans above the age of 35 the death rate increases exponentially with a doubling time of about 10 years. Here, we show that the same law continues to hold even for ages over 100. Beyond 106 there is so far no statistical evidence available because the number of survivors is too small even in the largest nations. However assuming that Gompertz's law continues to hold beyond 106, we conclude that the mortality rate becomes equal to 1 at age 120 (meaning that there are 1,000 deaths in a population of one thousand). In other words, the upper bound of human life is near 120. The existence of this fixed-point has interesting implications. It allows us to predict the form of the relationship between death rates at age 35 and the doubling time of Gompertz's law. In order to test this prediction, we first carry out a transversal analysis for a sample of countries comprising both industrialized and developing nations. As further confirmation, we also develop a longitudinal analysis using historical data over a time period of almost two centuries. Another prediction arising from this fixed-point model, is that, above a given population threshold, the lifespan of the oldest person is independent of the size of her national community. This prediction is supported by available empirical evidence.
María E. Spina, Alejandro M. F. Rivas, Gabriel G. Carlo
We find the Weyl law followed by the eigenvalues of contractive maps. An important property is that it is mainly insensitive to the dimension of the corresponding invariant classical set, the strange attractor. The usual explanation for the fractal Weyl law emergence in scattering systems (i.e., having a projective opening) is based on classical phase space distributions evolved up to the quantum to classical correspondence (Ehrenfest) time. In the contractive case this reasoning fails to describe it. Instead, we conjecture that the support for this behavior is essentially given by the strong non-orthogonality of the eigenvectors of the contractive superoperator.
In this paper, motivated by the notion of independent identically distributed (IID) random variables under sub-linear expectations initiated by Peng, we investigate a law of the iterated logarithm for capacities. It turns out that our theorem is a natural extension of the Kolmogorov and the Hartman-Wintner laws of the iterated logarithm.
We propose an extension to the standard model where three exotic fermion 5-plets and one scalar 6-plet are added to the particle content. By demanding that all interactions are renormalizable and standard model gauge invariant, we show that the lightest exotic particle in this model can be a dark matter candidate as long as the new 6-plet scalar does not develop a nonzero vacuum expectation value. Furthermore, light neutrino masses are generated radiatively at one-loop while the baryon asymmetry is produced by the CP-violating decays of the second lightest exotic particle. We have demonstrated using concrete examples that there is a parameter space where a consistent solution to the problems of baryon asymmetry, dark matter and neutrino masses can be obtained.
In this paper we give a rigorous proof of the equivalence of some different forms of Faraday's law of induction clarifying some misconceptions on the subject and emphasizing that many derivations of this law appearing in textbooks and papers are only valid under very special circumstances and not satisfactory under a mathematical point of view.