Hasil untuk "Metaphysics"

Ulrich Steinvorth

Pierfrancesco Basile

Guido Vanheeswijck

Abstract: In 1988, the Polish philosopher Leszek Kołakowski published his essay Metaphysical Horror , conceived as a philosophical and historical interpretation of the vicissitudes of metaphysics in Western philosophy. At the same time, Kołakowski's attempt to map out the history of that metaphysical horror was a way to escape from it. Put differently, he traced the evolution of metaphysical horror—from metaphysics to antimetaphysics—in Western philosophy while simultaneously pleading for the preservation of metaphysics, be it in a very specific shape. To clarify Kołakowski's idiosyncratic position regarding the status of metaphysics, the author's exposition falls into two parts, each in three steps. In the first part, mainly drawing upon a textual analysis of Metaphysical Horror, Kołakowski's portrayal of the evolution of Western metaphysics toward its marginalization in contemporary philosophy is summarized. Subsequently, his own concept of hermeneutical metaphysics in relation to the everlasting importance of man's metaphysical need for the Absolute is presented. In the second part, set up as an exercise in intellectual history, Kołakowski's concept of hermeneutical metaphysics is situated against the double background of his Oxford environment and of that of an Eastern-European ally regarding the vicissitudes of the metaphysical tradition. The conclusion is double. First, this twofold background makes it clear why his hermeneutical metaphysics is at the same time a historical metaphysics and a moral ontology, dependent on man's everlasting metaphysical need for the Absolute. Second, it clarifies why his hermeneutical metaphysics takes a unique position in contemporary philosophy, different from the current concept of analytic metaphysics, on the one hand, and from the present-day concept of post-metaphysics in Continental philosophy, on the other.

Guido Vanheeswijck

I. V. Odintsova

The article deals with the phonosemantic picture of the world as an object of metalinguistics. The phonosemantic picture of the world is a reflection on the sounding speech. It is a sound and semantic information model of the foreigner's speech formed on the material-physiological (articulatory-acoustic) abstract (phonological) levels.

Sanja Särman

Abstract: The author explores whether Spinoza can consistently maintain two doctrines which he espouses in his Ethics . The first doctrine is the equivalence between perfection, reality, being, and essence. The second doctrine is the Metaphysical Difference between that in which essence and existence are identical (God) and those things for which essence and existence are distinct (everything but God). The article is structured as follows. First, the author shows that these two key doctrines apparently clash. Second, she shows two ways in which this clash can be avoided. The first way consists in drawing a line between mere being and existence. This reading of Spinoza has sometimes been called “Platonist” in the secondary literature. The second way consists in denying that the Metaphysical Difference cuts reality at its joints. Instead, the Metaphysical Difference, on this reading, differentiates between appearances (those things in which essence and existence come apart) and reality (that thing in which they are one). This reading of Spinoza has sometimes been called Eleatic in the secondary literature. The author concludes by suggesting that, if the Spinozist rejects both the Eleatic and the Platonist approach, she is obliged to find another way to salvage her system.

Leonid G. Antipenko

Until recently, there was one unsolved riddle regarding the logic that Lobachevsky followed when creating his non-Euclidean (hyperbolic) geometry. This article shows that such a logic is implicitly present in him, and it coincides with the logic already formed now, called complementary-dialectical logic. This logic stems from Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. In the field of the geometric discipline of thought, complementary-dialectical logic makes it possible to combine the historical and logical aspects of the genesis of Lobachevsky’s geometry. Allows us to understand how and why imaginary points appear on a hyperbolic line, how they are related to points at infinity, etc. constructing a geometric picture of the world as part of the overall scientific picture.

Elizabeth C. Shaw, Mor Segev

Giulia Cabra

L. P Volkova

The article discusses the foundations of a new metaphysics in the historical and informationalrelational aspects. The connection of these issues with the physics of the interaction of elementary particles is emphasized and analyzed. The analogy of concepts in physics and computer science is revealed. The results of a thought experiment on building the structure of switching information flows in physical and mathematical research are analyzed and explained. The experiment is analyzed on the basis of logical conclusions and introduced analogies. The conclusion is drawn on the legality of the transition from a new metaphysics to the foundations of fundamental physics. It is proposed to consider the new approach information and relational.

Enrico Berti

Marta Borgo

Arianna Betti

Daniel D. Novotný

Kurt Smith

AbstractThis chapter looks specifically at Leibniz's conception of mathematical structure—an ideal structure underlying the very possibility of the actual world. Both his early and late views are considered. The chapter shows how it is that Leibniz employed mathematics as a metaphor aimed at explicating his metaphysical views. The metaphysical concepts of unity and harmony, for example, are made clearer by looking at how Leibniz conceived them via the mathematical concepts of function and determinant.