Cerina Chhuon, Luis Vicente Herrera-Marcos, Shao-Yu Zhang
et al.
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a severe form of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), a glomerulopathy of presumably immune origin that is attributed to extrarenal pathogenic circulating factors. The recurrence of FSGS (rFSGS) after transplant occurs in 30% to 50% of cases. The direct analysis of patient plasma proteome has scarcely been addressed to date, mainly due to the methodological difficulties associated with plasma complexity and dynamic range. In this study, first, we compared different methods of plasma preparation, second, we compared the plasma proteomes of rFSGS and controls using two preparation methods, and third, we analyzed the early proximal signaling events in podocytes subjected to patient plasma, through a combination of phosphoproteomics and lipid-raft proteomics (raftomics). By combining immunodepletion and high pH fractionation, we performed a differential proteomic analysis of soluble plasma proteins and of extracellular vesicles (EV) obtained from healthy controls, non-INS patient controls, and rFSGS patients (n = 4). In both the soluble- and the EV-protein sets from the rFSGS patients, we found a statistically significant increase in a cluster of proteins involved in neutrophil degranulation. A group of lipid-binding proteins, generally associated with lipoproteins, was found to be decreased in the soluble set from the rFSGS patients. In addition, three amino acid transporters involved in mTORC1 activation were found to be significantly increased in the EV from the rFSGS. Next, we incubated human podocytes for 30 min with 10% plasma from both groups of patients. The phosphoproteomics and raftomics of the podocytes revealed profound differences in the proteins involved in the mTOR pathway, in autophagy, and in cytoskeleton organization. We analyzed the correlation between the abundance of plasma and plasma-regulated podocyte proteins. The observed changes highlight some of the mechanisms involved in FSGS recurrence and could be used as specific early markers of circulating-factor activity in podocytes.
The Apocalypse of John suggests a political theology. Particularly, Rev. 5, 9 provides a critique of the political-religious propaganda of the Roman Empire. It is unfortunate the scarce attention paid to this aspect among some commentators in order to achieve a complete understanding of the Christology of the Book of Revelation. These commentators, instead, give more importance to the liturgical aspect of the passage and neglect the theological relevance of the imperial cult practiced by the associations of Hymnodoi in some cities of Anatolia (such as Pergamum, Smyrna and Ephesus). Only a few research monographs that consider the historical background of the Book of Revelation address this issue. Bearing this in mind, the article aims to show that the original meaning of the afore-mentioned passage is the critique of the imperial cult.
Uwe Reusch, Olaf Bernhard, Ulrich Koszinowski
et al.
Heterotetrameric adaptor‐protein complexes AP‐1A and AP‐3A mediate protein sorting in post‐Golgi vesicular transport. AP‐1A and AP‐3A have been localized to the trans‐Golgi network, indicating a function in protein sorting at this compartment. AP‐3A appears to mediate trans‐Golgi network‐to‐lysosome and also endosome‐to‐lysosome protein sorting. AP‐1A is thought to be required for both trans‐Golgi network‐to‐endosome transport and endosome‐to‐trans‐Golgi network transport. However, the recent discovery of a role for monomeric GGA (Golgi localized γ‐ear containing, ARF binding protein) adaptor proteins in trans‐Golgi network to endosome protein transport has brought into question the long‐discussed trans‐Golgi network‐to‐endosome sorting function of AP‐1A. Murine cytomegalovirus gp48 contains an unusual di‐leucine‐based lysosome sorting signal motif and mediates lysosomal sorting of gp48/major histocompatibility complex class I receptor complexes, preventing exposure of major histocompatibility complex class I at the plasma membrane. We analyzed lysosomal sorting of gp48/major histocompatibility complex class I receptor complexes in cell lines deficient for AP‐1A, AP‐3A and both, to determine their sorting functions. We find that AP1‐A and AP3‐A mediate distinct and sequential steps in the lysosomal sorting. Both sorting functions are required to prevent MHC class I exposure at the plasma membrane at steady‐state.
Assistant Professor, KL Business School, KLEF, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, AP. India, Dr.Ch. Balaji, Dr. K. S. Venkateswara Kumar
et al.
The objective of the study is to examine the impact of Acquisitions on financial status of selected software companies in India. This study is based on Infosys, Panaya, CMC and TCS companies. It also estimates the pre and post-acquisition financial p
Seed Research and Technology Centre, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, AP, India, Ankaiah R, Balayenkulu N
et al.
Studies on seed vigour tests in Bt and non Bt cotton hybrids were taken up during 2007 at Seed Research and Technology Centre, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Irrespective of Bt and Non Bt cotton hybrids, TP (87%), S methods (85%) recorded higher germination than BP (83%) and soil method (82%). Among the vigour tests, first count (78%), final count (86%), brick gravel test (81%) and cold test (79%) recorded higher germination in all the Bt cotton hybrids than Non Bt hybrids which recorded superior values for speed of germination (74%), field emergence (76%), paper exhaustion test (68%) and tetrazolium test for viability. Bt cotton hybrids especially TCH 9 and PRCH 31 recorded higher germination in all germination testing methods as well as vigour tests. Germination and seedling vigour gradually declined with an increase in period of accelerated ageing from 0 to 30 days. Such decline was more in Non Bt cotton hybrids when compared to Bt cotton hybrids. Among different Bt cotton hybrids, PRCH 31 and TCH 9 have shown higher values in all vigour tests as against the other hybrids. There was a rapid decline in germination and vigour in NCS 145, NCS 207, Rudra and Sandeep.
AP50 is a subunit of the assembly polypeptide (AP) subclass AP-2 from bovine brain coated vesicles. It can be phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro on a threonine residue by means of the AP50 kinase activity associated with AP. We have undertaken an analysis of the amino acid sequence around the AP50 phosphorylation site. After phosphorylation in vitro of AP50 followed by tryptic cleavage, only one radioactive peptide was isolated following Mono-Q ion-exchange f.p.l.c. and reverse-phase h.p.l.c. The amino acid sequence of this peptide: Glu146-Glu-Gln-Ser-Gln-Ile-Thr-Ser-Gln-Val-Thr*-Gly-Gly-Ile-Gly-Tr p-Arg162, displayed two threonine residues. Analysis of the yield and radioactivity of the product from automated Edman degradation indicated that only Thr-156 was phosphorylated, reflecting the presence of a single phosphorylation site in AP50. AP phosphorylated the corresponding synthetic peptide on the same threonyl residue. We demonstrated that AP50 was a phosphorylation substrate unable to autophosphorylate. The enzyme involved in the AP50 phosphorylation was shown to be associated with AP-1 and with a soluble protein complex co-purified with APs but resolved from the latter by hydroxyapatite-column exclusion chromatography. This AP50 kinase activity corresponded to a 280 kDa protein complex according to gel-filtration data.