Hasil untuk "Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages"

Henry W. Nordmeyer

Walter A. Reichart

Ralph de Gorog, Einar Haugen

Henry W. Nordmeyer

Henry W. Nordmeyer

Natalia Nastas

The linguistic macro-psychopedagogy as a value system in solving the educational problems relating to the acquisition of universal knowledge, skills, abilities and values is one of the fundamental characteristics of all international social problems. The macro-psycho-pedagogical field of linguistic disciplines concerns the scientific study of language. It pays attention to the complex phenomena of evolution and development of languages. At the present time there is a macro-linguist aspect imposed by the conditions of social and political life in the regions annexed by the great empires of Europe. The interest of foreign language learning in schools, universities and in society has been created for all educational actors for lifelong learning. From the requirements of broadening intercultural and work agreements, entering the social life, becoming a necessity imposed by the technical-scientific revolution, but also the requirements of increasing professionalism of psycho-pedagogical language at the universal, epistemological and individual-specialized level, engaged in communicative and participatory progression: communication, culture, connection, comparison, community, bringing them in line with European and international requirements.

O. V. Shapochkina

The paper describes the category of voice in Old Germanic languages on the basis of historical linguistics. The inventory of voice precategory constructions in Gothic-Scandinavian and West German areas has been outlined. The aim of the paper is to analyze peculiarities of the category of voice in Old Germanic languages in the context of "inverted synchrony". The results of typological studies concerning specifics of origin and development of the category of voice have significantly broadened the idea of its functioning, and determined the asymmetry of voice oppositions within the paradigm. The key findings resulted in grammatical voice distribution on active, reverse, passive, reciproc, mediopassive voices and different levels of grammaticalization. It has been established the grammatical category of voice is dynamic and acquires various transformations. In the historical periods of its formation the categoty of voice exemplified features of mobility within open dynamic systems. It has been found that in Old Germanic the voice grammatical constructions were not formed completely, that is why the periphrastic constructions were the first implementers of the category of voice and were the basis for emergence of grammatical constructions with elements of categorial content. The author of the paper outlines system relations in the paradigm of the category of voice, marked by gradual qualitative changes, which were extremely intense at the end of the Old Germanic period. Prospects for the following studies lie in the formation of grammatical means for realization the voice pre-category constructions in the ancient period of the studied languages.

E.G. Stanley

Richard P. Ingham

Hans Frede Nielsen

Sara M. Pons-Sanz

Aurelia Usonienė

Abstract. This paper concerns the syntax-semantics interface in the analysis of two complementation types of the English verbs of seeming, namely structures containing phrases with the copula to be and those with zero copula (look/seem/appear to bePvs. 0 P). The aim of this study is to see what kind of modal meaning can be attributed to the verbs under investigation and how the observed meanings are dependent upon the complement type.

Wolfgang Liepe

Gerhard P. Knapp