Hasil untuk "Production capacity. Manufacturing capacity"

Punit Singh, Krishna Krishnan, Enkhsaikhan Boldsaikhan

Digital twin and artificial intelligence (DT-AI) technologies present hitherto unheard-of possibilities for dynamic production scheduling in smart manufacturing. Nevertheless, a careful examination of several studies reveals significant gaps in the current state of the discipline. This paper attempts to review advancements, gaps, and opportunities in the areas of DT-AI-based production scheduling. Articles chosen for this literature analysis were mostly published within the last eight years. Based on the literature, five enabling challenges that are consistently considered in the literature include Dynamic and Unforeseen Disruptions, High System Complexity, Real-Time Data Management, Integration and Interoperability, and Adaptability and Generalizability. This review not only identifies these enabling challenges but also provides tailored outlines of progress and future directions. The findings pave the way for resilient, scalable, and interpretable DT-AI systems for production scheduling that can handle uncertainty and optimize output in real time. DTs and AI can benefit manufacturing with data-driven intelligent planning and decision-making as well as model-based systems engineering principles. This review examines these advancements and trending research directions in production scheduling.

Danka Katrakova-Krüger, Sabine Weichert, Christoph Hartl

Laser welding has become well established for joining Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloys and extends the manufacturability of highly functional components with complex geometries. Published studies on the effect of laser welding on alterations to microstructure and properties of these alloys, however, mainly deal with conventional component dimensions and linear laser beam movement. In view of the increasing importance of microtechnology, research into joining of thin-walled Ni-Ti components is therefore of interest. At the same time, studies comparing oscillating and linear beam movement on other materials and the authors’ own work on Ni-Ti materials suggest that oscillating beam movement has a more favorable effect on alterations in material properties and microstructure. Therefore, laser welding of foils made of Ni55/Ti45 with 125 µm thickness was systematically analyzed using a fiber laser and circular oscillation. Amplitude <i>A</i> and frequency <i>f</i> were varied from 0 to 200 µm and 0 to 2000 Hz, respectively. Microstructural analysis showed that by increasing the frequency, grain refinement could be achieved up to a certain value of <i>f</i>. An increasing amplitude led to decreasing hardness values of the weld seam, while the influence of <i>f</i> was less pronounced. The analysis of the weld material using chip calorimetry (Flash DSC) revealed that the beam oscillation had fewer effects on the change in transformation points compared to a linear beam movement.

Enrico Dalpadulo, Mattia Pollon, Alberto Vergnano et al.

Design optimization through the integration of multiple functions into a single part is a highly effective strategy to reduce costs, simplify assembly, improve performance, and reduce weight. Additive manufacturing facilitates the production of complex structures by allowing parts consolidation, resulting in optimized designs, where multiple functions are integrated into a single component. This study presents a design for additive manufacturing method for integrating multiple lattice structures to achieve thermal management and shock absorption functions. The method follows modeling and simulation phases for dimensioning and optimizing solutions to deliver the design functions at different macro- and mesoscale levels. Hierarchical complexity was leveraged to design the two-levels structure in a single part, each delivering a specific function. Specifically, the external layer addresses energy absorption and thermal insulation, while the internal layer acts as a thermal battery by incorporating a phase change material. The design of a container carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle for the transport of healthcare and biological materials is presented. The container is shock-resistant and can maintain the content at 4 ± 2 °C for at least 1 h. As it operates passively without the need for additional energy-consuming devices, it is easy to operate and contributes to increased flight autonomy. A flight mission experiment for urgent transport of blood bags confirmed the capability of the container to preserve blood integrity. This case study demonstrates that the two-layer lattice structure design represents a highly efficient approach to multifunctional design optimization.

Endris Hussen Ahmed, Tilahun A. Teka, Kumela Dibaba Tolera et al.

Despite extensive research on agronomic and nutritional aspects, studies on the technological properties of newly released haricot bean varieties in Ethiopia remain limited. This study examines the geometrical, functional, and physical properties of six varieties, revealing significant variations in seed dimensions with DAB 96 having the longest length (15.1 mm), BZ 2 the narrowest width (6.25 mm), and Ado the greatest thickness (7.02 mm). Differences in sphericity and aspect ratio were also observed with Ado showing the highest sphericity (69.9 %) and Tafach the lowest aspect ratio (0.434). Functionally, DAB 96 exhibited the highest hydration capacity (0.351 g/seed), while Tafach had the lowest (0.195 g/seed), and cooking times varied significantly, with DAB 96 requiring the shortest time (24 min). These findings are crucial for the food industry, manufacturing, and production optimization as they inform the design of processing equipment tailored to specific bean dimensions, and guide the development of efficient processing techniques to reduce energy consumption and improve product consistency. Additionally, the study provides criteria for selecting bean varieties that align with industrial requirements, such as faster cooking times or higher hydration capacity, enhancing production efficiency, product quality, and sustainability in the haricot bean value chain to meet global food market demands.

Samy Selim, Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid, Yousef Alhaj Hamoud et al.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an emerging biopolymer synthesized by specific microbial strains, such as Komagataeibacter xylinus. It is distinguished by its ultrafine nanofibrillar architecture, exceptional mechanical strength, high water-holding capacity, and inherent biocompatibility. Unlike plant-derived cellulose, BC is chemically pure and free from lignin and hemicellulose, making it especially attractive for biomedical use. Recently, BC has gained prominence as a multifunctional platform for applications in wound care, antimicrobial therapies, tissue engineering, and sustainable infection control. Recent advances in bioengineering and materials science have significantly broadened the functional landscape of BC. Through incorporating antibacterial agents, such as silver nanoparticles, chitosan, essential oils, or antibiotics, BC composites demonstrate potent antimicrobial efficacy while maintaining safety and biocompatibility. These hybrid materials address the critical need for novel, biodegradable alternatives to synthetic polymers in the fight against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This brief review critically examines the latest progress in BC production technologies, structural functionalization strategies, and clinical applications, with particular emphasis on its antibacterial properties and regenerative potential. The molecular mechanisms underlying its interaction with microbial cells and host tissues are also explored. Furthermore, the review outlines key challenges, such as large-scale manufacturing, regulatory hurdles, and clinical validation, and presents forward-looking perspectives on how BC could revolutionize healthcare by supporting next-generation biomaterials and sustainable therapeutic solutions.

Lang Wei, Guang Yu, Weishao Feng et al.

Titanium alloy TC4 countersunk head bolts (CHB) are widely used in spacecraft structures, but the research on CHB does not receive enough attention at present. There are still some more opportunities worthy of in-depth research, such as insufficient research on CHB of high-strength fasteners for aerospace applications, an insufficient combination of CHB simulation tests with real working conditions, and inspection and testing methods. In this study, through the combination of finite element simulation and experiments, the working conditions of the CHB connection structure bearing tensile load and CHB screwing were analyzed, and the requirements of the CHB connection structure and installation of CHB were optimized. Based on the single-bolt tensile simulation, the working conditions of multi-bolt connection structures under eccentric load and single-bolt composite laminate connection structures under tensile load were analyzed. Meanwhile, the structure of CHB was further optimized, and the simulation analysis model of the CHB tightening process was established. The research shows that the larger fixing bolt countersunk angle <i>θ</i>₁ and the smaller countersunk fillet radius <i>r</i>, the better the ultimate bearing capacity of the connection structure will be. When the countersunk bevel angle of pressure plate <i>θ</i>₂ was greater than or less than 100°, the clamping force–angle slope will decrease, while when <i>θ</i>₂ was smaller, it will have a greater influence on the slope. The coaxiality <i>Φ</i> had little influence on the slope around the allowable tolerance range (0.3 mm), but the influence on the slope becomes greater when it exceeds the tolerance range. The research results provide a reference and basis for the layout of CHB and the use of composite materials in aerospace connection structures.

Marcos Rogério Rodrigues, Remo Augusto Padovezi Filleti, Maria Célia de Oliveira et al.

O método Kaizen tem como objetivo principal a redução dos custos operacionais por meio da melhoria contínua. Apesar da importância do uso dessa técnica, os resultados obtidos a partir da implantação de projeto Kaizen podem ser limitados, caso não haja um alinhamento entre seus objetivos e as diretivas da empresa. Para superar essa possível adversidade, o presente estudo propõe um procedimento para classificar projetos Kaizen por meio da priorização de seus indicadores, a partir do método multicritério Analytic Hierarchy Process (“Processo Analítico Hierárquico”, em português). Uma vez definido e estruturado o procedimento, ele foi aplicado por meio de um estudo de caso em uma empresa do ramo de máquinas e equipamentos da região de Campinas. Durante a realização do estudo de caso, três líderes de produção foram entrevistados para que avaliassem cinco projeto Kaizen diferentes em relação a quatro indicadores globais da empresa: Pessoal, Qualidade, Velocidade e Financeiro. A partir das avaliações individuais de cada líder para cada projeto, lançou-se mão de um método agregativo (i.e., média geométrica) para unificar os resultados de cada projeto e, assim, classificá-los de acordo com a aderência de cada um deles aos indicadores globais estudados.

Josemar Coelho Felix, Rodrigo Cesar Pedrosa Silva

Este texto tem como objetivo fornecer orientações sobre o estado atual da literatura sobre aspectos relacionados à aplicação de recursos computacionais para melhorar a gestão da manutenção de material rodante e, com base nisso, propor diretrizes para pesquisadores sobre o assunto. Este estudo apresenta uma revisão de literatura com artigos de pesquisa aplicada. Em conclusão, verificamos que programação linear, algoritmos genéticos e redes neurais trazem bons resultados no auxílio aos gestores de manutenção ferroviária. Importa referir que ainda existe uma preferência pela automatização do trabalho manual de forma a conseguir a redução de custos ou maximizar a utilização dos recursos de manutenção. Devido ao grande aumento de pesquisas sobre aplicações de recursos computacionais, este artigo traz generalizações de aplicações para o mesmo tema, que é a manutenção do material rodante e a dificuldade de gerenciamento desses ativos.

Thomas Hanemann, Alexander Klein, Heinz Walter et al.

The rapid tooling of mold inserts for injection molding allows for very fast product development, as well as a highly customized design. For this, a combination of rapid prototyping methods with suitable polymer materials, like the high-performance thermoplastic polymer polyetheretherketone (PEEK), should be applied. As a drawback, a huge processing temperature beyond 400 °C is necessary for material extrusion (MEX)-based 3D printing; here, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) requires a more sophisticated printing parameter investigation. In this work, suitable MEX printing strategies, covering printing parameters like printing temperature and speed, for the realization of two different mold insert surface geometries were evaluated, and the resulting print quality was inspected. As a proof of concept, ceramic injection molding was used for replication. Under consideration of the two different test structures, the ceramic feedstock could be replicated successfully and to an acceptable quality without significant mold insert deterioration.

Esmaeil Ghadiri Zahrani, Amirmohmmad Fakharzadeh Jahromi, Bahman Azarhoushang

The development of hydrophobicity on polymer surfaces in mass production is one of the most critical challenges in the plastic industry. This paper deals with a novel combined hot embossing process in which femtosecond laser ablation is utilized to texture the embossing stamps. By controlling the process temperature and axial forces, the laser textures were transferred to polymer surfaces, successfully resulting in hydrophobicity. Four different polymers, including ABS, PP, PA, and PC, along with two different laser textures, namely ball and pyramid, were tested. The laser and hot embossing parameters under which the textures were transferred to the polymers are introduced. The critical micro- and nano-features of the transferred textures that resulted in high hydrophobic contact angles are also discussed. The results indicate that PP and ABS have higher contact angles, respectively, while under the given parameters, PA and PC did not exhibit hydrophobic surfaces.

Naijela Janaina Costa Silveira, Diogo Ferraz, Diego Scarpa de Mello et al.

A produtividade mede o nível de eficiência que uma economia apresenta em produzir bens e serviços. Assim, aumentar a produtividade é a maneira mais rápida de se atingir crescimento econômico e bem-estar social. Este estudo busca estimar e comprar quatro modelos diferentes para o cálculo da Produtividade Total dos Fatores (Total Factor Productivity - TFP). Os modelos escolhidos foram: Olley & Pakes, 1996 - OP; Levinsohn & Petrin, 2003 - LP; Wooldridge, 2009 - Wool; e, Ackerberg, Caves e Frazer, 2015 - ACF. Os resultados sugerem que o modelo ACF (2015) é um aprimoramento dos modelos OP e LP, além de apresentar resultados com significância estatística. O modelo Wool (2009) também é um aprimoramento e, novamente, apresenta resultados similares. Como o modelo ACF apresenta maior dispersão, o modelo Wool apresenta-se como a melhor escolha.

Ziba Güley, Vincenzo Fallico, Tom Beresford

Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are responsible for converting lactose to lactic acid during cheese manufacturing and, as a result, play a critical role in defining the attributes of the final product. There is great interest in isolating novel starter LAB strains to provide alternatives to existing industry cultures or to help enhance the quality and safety of cheeses traditionally made without starter cultures addition [1].The Fast-Slow Differential Agar (FSDA) medium was developed in 1984 and still remains the standard to rapidly differentiate fast and slow milk-coagulating lactic streptococci and thus avoid screening a large number of isolates for acid production capacity [2]. However, we found that FSDA was unable to selectively isolate fast acid-producing strains from young, traditional, starter-free Izmir Brined Tulum cheeses, due to the presence of a diverse microbiome including Non-Starter LAB and spoilage Gram-negative microbiota [1, 3].Here, we describe a modified FSDA (mFSDA) with increased selectivity and recovery efficiency towards lactic streptococci, which was successfully used to rapidly isolate potential starters from Tulum cheeses [1] and could similarly outperform FSDA in raw milk cheeses and other varieties containing high levels of “background” microbiota. The main differences between FSDA and mFSDA media consist in the presence of nalidixic acid, ascorbic acid and yeast extract in mFSDA. These targeted additions provide mFSDA with a two-prong selectivity that (I) suppresses unwanted microbiota, and (II) increases the recovery efficiency of lactic streptocci adept to using milk nutrients. Specifically: • Nalidixic acid is an antibiotic that primarily inhibit Gram-negative bacteria [4]. • Ascorbic acid and yeast extract stimulate the growth of lactic streptococci [5] and were added to complement skim milk in creating an environment favoring the growth of lactose-positive, casein peptides-utilizing LAB. • The pH indicator bromocresol purple enabled the chromogenic discrimination between LAB with different acid production capability.

Krawiec Piotr, Warguła Łukasz, Domek Grzegorz et al.

The continuous increase in the use of the transmissions with V-belt, the introduction of new materials for the production of belts and the development of new manufacturing techniques have become the reason for undertaking research works on the possibilities of increasing the load capacity and durability of belts as well as reducing their influence on the environment. It is important to know the latest mechanical and rheological characteristics of the belts in terms of their strength characteristics and fulfilment of the conditions for the correct operation of the transmission. The results of these works will make it possible to determine the scope of applicability of these belts in propulsion and transport technology as well as to develop new geometrical forms of pulleys and V-belts.

Asanthi Jinasena, Odne Stokke Burheim, Anders Hammer Strømman

The increasing use of electric vehicle batteries in the world has a significant impact on both society and the environment. Thus, there is a need for the availability of transparent information on resource allocation. Battery manufacturing process details in this regard are not available in academia or the public. The available energy data on manufacturing has a high variation. Furthermore, different process steps have different energy and material demands. A process model can benchmark the energy usage, provide detailed process data, and compare various cell productions which in turn can be used in life-cycle assessment studies to reduce the variation and provide directions for improvements. Therefore, a cell manufacturing model is developed for the calculation of energy and material demands for different battery types, plant capacities, and process steps. The model consists of the main process steps, machines, intermediate products and building service units. Furthermore, the results are validated using literature values. For a case study of a 2 GWh plant that produces prismatic NMC333 cells, the total energy requirement on a theoretical and optimal basis is suggested to be <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>44.6</mn><mspace width="3.33333pt"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mrow><mi>in</mi><mspace width="4pt"></mspace><mi>production</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mrow><mi>cell</mi><mspace width="3.33333pt"></mspace><mi>capacity</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. This energy consumption in producing batteries is dominated by electrode drying, and dry room. Energy usage for a variety of cell types for a similar plant capacity shows that the standard deviation in the results is low (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>47.23</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>13.03</mn><mspace width="3.33333pt"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>).

Alexander V. Mamutov, Sergey F. Golovashchenko, Nicolas M. Bessonov et al.

Electro-Hydraulic Forming (EHF) is a high rate sheet metal forming process based on the electrical discharge of high voltage capacitors in a water-filled chamber. During the discharge, the pulsed pressure wave propagates from the electrodes and forms a sheet metal blank into a die. The performed literature review shows that this technology is suitable for forming parts of a broad range of dimensions and complex shapes. One of the barriers for broader implementation of this technology is the complexity of a full-scale simulation of EHF which includes the simulation of an expanding plasma channel, the propagation of waves in a fluid filled chamber, and the high-rate forming of a blank in contact with a rigid die. The objective of the presented paper is to establish methods of designing the EHF processes using simplified methods. The paper describes a numerical approach on how to define the shape of preforming pockets. The concept includes imposing principal strains from the formed blank into the initial mesh of the flat blank. The principal strains are applied with the opposite sign creating compression in the flat blank. The corresponding principal stresses in the blank are calculated based upon Hooke’s law. The blank is then virtually placed between two rigid plates. One of the plates has windows into which the material is getting bulged driven by the in-plane compressive stresses. The prediction of the shape of the bulged sheet provides the information on the shape of the preforming pockets. It is experimentally demonstrated that using these approaches, EHF forming is feasible for forming of a fragment of a decklid panel and a deep panel with complex curvature.

Kai Oßwald, Johannes Christoph Gissel, Ingo Lochmahr

Hand scraping is a manual metalworking method that is still used in many industries to obtain good planarity, low friction and good gliding properties of metal and plastic surfaces. However, it is characterized by low productivity and requires skilled and well-trained workers. This macroanalysis focuses on the strategy and procedure of the workers during the scraping operation. Forces and tool positions were acquired simultaneously and the resulting surfaces were measured after each scraping pass. Results show that in most instances differences between individual workers’ scraping styles are more significant than between consecutive scraping passes. This research was conducted in order to gather sufficient insight into the hand scraping method to take steps towards its automation.

Vikram Arjunwadkar, Nivedha Rajasekaran

Chenghao Xiang, Xusheng Zhou

Pursuing small critical dimensions (i.e. 14 nm or below) and high integration bring us lots of physical defects causing low yield and functionality failures for foundries. Under this circumstance, inspection, metrology and monitoring technologies are unprecedentedly vital for development of semiconductor industry. Optical and electron beam solutions are the most common two methods in semiconductor manufacturing. Hamamatsu Photonics is now aiming at optical inspection, metrology and monitoring systems market by providing light sources, photodetectors and failure analysis systems for semiconductor equipment manufacturers, foundries and research institutions. In this paper, features and potential applications of light sources, photodetectors (like image sensors, photomultiplier tubes/modules, silicon photomultipliers (modules), (avalanche) photodiodes (arrays) and so on), with the wavelengths ranging from UV to Infrared, are mainly discussed. In addition, Hamamatsu’s star product – failure analysis system to quickly locate faults or defects are introduced. In conclusion, Hamamatsu Photonics is dedicated to develop large varieties of light sources and optical sensors/detector/modules along with failure analysis systems and willing to improve the development of semiconductor and related industries, especially in China.

Benjamin Montavon, Philipp Dahlem, Martin Peterek et al.

Monitoring of the relative deviation between commanded and actual tool tip position, which limits the volumetric performance of the machine tool, enables the use of contemporary methods of compensation to reduce tolerance mismatch and the uncertainties of on-machine measurements. The development of a primarily optical sensor setup capable of being integrated into the machine structure without limiting its operating range is presented. The use of a frequency-modulating interferometer and photosensitive arrays in combination with a Gaussian laser beam allows for fast and automated online measurements of the axes’ motion errors and thermal conditions with comparable accuracy, lower cost, and smaller dimensions as compared to state-of-the-art optical measuring instruments for offline machine tool calibration. The development is tested through simulation of the sensor setup based on raytracing and Monte-Carlo techniques.

Alfin Nur Bintang, Shanty Kusuma Dewi

Material handling activities of sugar in PG Tjoekir storage warehouse is done manually. Continuous material handling activity can cause musculoskeletal disorders to workers. The distribution of questionnaires Nordic Body Map known some complaints experienced by workers in the process of material handling sugar. The OWAS and RULA methods are methods for evaluating and analyzing worker attitudes that can cause musculoskeletal disorders. Some activities in the storage warehouse PG Tjoekir is ranging from lifting, moving and putting sugar. OWAS method calculation results obtained risk level score 3. Risk level risk of RULA method 4. The calculation results show some worker posture causing musculoskeletal risk so that need improvement. Proposed repair work posture is to design two-wheeled hand truck. Hand trucks help reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries for workers.