Hasil untuk "Plant culture"

Lei Gong, Nadiyah M. Alabdallah, Nadiyah M. Alabdallah et al.

Stomatal pores, controlled by surrounding guard cells, play a crucial role in balancing carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and water loss in plants. Recent studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have identified the TARGET OF TEMPERATURE 3 (TOT3)–plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase (AHA1) module as a key player in stomatal movement, though its exact role in vascular plants is not yet fully understood. TOT3, a transcriptional regulator, influences the activity of AHA1, which regulates ion fluxes essential for stomatal opening. Under high-temperature conditions, TOT3 promotes stomatal opening, while OST1, a key regulator of drought-induced stomatal closure, inactivates TOT3 through phosphorylation. This phosphorylation serves as a molecular switch, adjusting stomatal aperture in response to heat and drought stress. Moreover, light may also impact stomatal movement via the TOT3–AHA1 interaction. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying the TOT3–AHA1 module, its integration with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and its role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Understanding this pathway could contribute to developing crops with enhanced water-use efficiency and resilience to abiotic stress.

T. Ray

A. Tamime, R. Robinson

F. G. AL-Gebouri, S. M. Eidan

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the winter and spring seasons on some biomarkers and semen characteristics of Holstein bulls (n = 20) during the Coronavirus pandemic period. Semen was collected for 16 weeks and evaluated weekly, along with the determination of some biomarkers. Sperm concentration, live sperm percentage, the concentrations of the most amino acids, essential, non-essential, and total amino acids, all carboxylic acids, omega 3, 6, 9, total fatty acids, and total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, increased (P<0.05) in semen of spring compared to the winter season. Moreover, the percentage of plasma membrane integrity was higher in the winter than the spring season. The concentration of malondialdehyde in semen decreased (P<0.05) in the semen during the winter compared to the spring season. These biomarkers may have played a role in the fertility and semen quality or were affected by the season and repercussions of the Corona pandemic (feed shortage stress). In conclusion, the level of some amino and carboxylic acids can be adopted as an indicator of climate change (season) and semen quality of bulls or energy level in the diet.

Vineeta Pandey, Aarshi Srivastava, Akhtar Ali et al.

The begomoviruses are the most economically damaging pathogens that pose a serious risk to India’s chilli crop and have been associated with the chilli leaf curl disease (ChiLCD). Chilli cultivars infected with begomovirus have suffered significant decreases in biomass output, negatively impacting their economic characteristics. We used the C-mii tool to predict twenty plant miRNA families from SRA chilli transcriptome data (retrieved from the NCBI and GenBank databases). Five target prediction algorithms, i.e., C-mii, miRanda, psRNATarget, RNAhybrid, and RNA22, were applied to identify and evaluate chilli miRNAs (microRNAs) as potential therapeutic targets against ten begomoviruses that cause ChiLCD. In this study, the top five chilli miRNAs which were identified by all five algorithms were thoroughly examined. Moreover, we also noted strong complementarities between these miRNAs and the AC1 (REP), AC2 (TrAP) and betaC1 genes. Three computational approaches (miRanda, RNA22, and psRNATarget) identified the consensus hybridization site for CA-miR838 at locus 2052. The top predicted targets within ORFs were indicated by CA-miR2673 (a and b). Through Circos algorithm, we identified novel targets and create the miRNA-mRNA interaction network using the R program. Furthermore, free energy calculation of the miRNA-target duplex revealed that thermodynamic stability was optimal for miR838 and miR2673 (a and b). To the best of our knowledge, this was the first instance of miRNA being predicted from chilli transcriptome information that had not been reported in miRbase previously. Consequently, the anticipated biological results substantially assist in developing chilli plants resistant to ChiLCD.

P. Christou, T. L. Ford, M. Kofron

M. E. Schmöger, M. Oven, E. Grill

Edvinas Misiukevičius, Ingrida Mažeikienė, James Gossard et al.

Chromosome doubling in ornamental plants, as shown by our study in daylilies (<i>Hemerocallis</i> spp.), has great potential to increase tolerance to abiotic stress. Drought is the most critical growth-limiting factor in a changing climate. Drought tolerance is one of the decisive factors for the survival, productivity, and appearance of perennial ornamental plants. Understanding and elucidating the molecular mechanisms that determine plant response to abiotic stress is essential. De novo transcriptome assembly of diploid and autotetraploid <i>Hemerocallis</i> spp. cv. Trahlyta was performed under artificially induced stress to elucidate the molecular mechanisms related to plant response to drought. In daylily mRNA, 237,886 transcripts were detected, and 42.4% of them were identified as annotated unigenes. In the experiment, diploid plants were more stressed, with 2871 upregulated or downregulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) responding to drought, while tetraploid plants had 1599 DEGs. The proportion of upregulated DEGs differed by 1.3 times between diploid and autotetraploid genotypes, whereas the proportion of downregulated DEGs was 1.8 times greater in diploid plants. Signaling pathways related to the drought response were activated in daylilies, and key candidate genes were identified in both ploidy genotypes. In autotetraploid plants, more drought-related pathways were activated than in diploids—43 and 19, respectively. The most abundant DEGs in both cases were KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), metabolic (ko01100), and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (ko01110) pathways. Summarizing the data, it was found that autotetraploid plants of the daylily have a wider potential for adaptation to drought stress. Therefore, they adapt faster and better to adverse drought conditions by activating alternative signaling pathways. The comparative transcriptome analysis of diploid and autotetraploid plants allows us to understand the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance and it is also essential for daylily breeding programs to develop drought-resistant genotypes in the future.

R. Lichter

R. Creelman, M. Tierney, John E. Mullet

H. Marschner, V. Römheld

Andreza Cerioni Belniaki, Mayla Daiane Correa Molinari, Fernando Augusto Henning et al.

Abstract: A systematic approach was employed with the objective of compiling updated and more promising information on the quality of soybean seeds, traits, treatments and analysis techniques. Among the 6,899 academic materials retrieved between 2017 and 2022, 57 of them were included in the study, separated into three groups: Group 1 - Theoretical materials addressing traits related to seed vigor, which can be used in biotechnological strategies and improvement of different species; Group 2 - Practical materials that apply techniques of treatment of soybean seeds; and Group 3 - Practical materials that apply techniques to evaluate vigor in soybean seeds. From the approach used, it was possible to observe that several genes, proteins and QTLs are associated with seed vigor. Seed treatment techniques focus on the use of biological and physical products, but there is a lack of studies validating these benefits in the field. Among the methods for evaluating the vigor of soybean seeds, the techniques of image analysis (visible light, LIBS, NIR, FTIR, FT-NIR, HSI-NIR, FHSI, Hyperspectral, Fluorescence spectral) and the use of software (Vigor-S®, SVIS®, SAPL®, IJCropSeed, Ilastik, VideometerLab®, MATLAB, ENVI®) stand out.

Sun-Jung Kwon, Soo-Jung Han, Myung-Hwi Kim et al.

Plant viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens, and most depend on insect vectors for transmission between plants. Viral infection causes various physiological and metabolic changes in host traits, which subsequently influence the behavior and fitness of the insect vectors. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), one of the most widespread pathogens in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), is transmitted by aphid vectors in a non-persistent manner. Here, we examined whether CMV infection in pepper affects the behavior of aphid vectors (Myzus persicae and Aphis glycines) in pepper. Aphid preference test revealed that significantly more aphids were attracted to CMV-infected pepper plants than to healthy plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a significant activation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in CMV-infected pepper plants. Indeed, gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that ethylene emission was significantly increased by CMV infection in pepper plants. Elevated ethylene emission in ethephon-treated healthy pepper increased their attractiveness to aphids. In contrast, aphid preference decreased after chemical inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis in CMV-infected pepper plants. Our results suggest that the ethylene emitted by CMV infection is a volatile cue that regulates the attractiveness of pepper plants to M. persicae and A. glycines.

Suchismita Prusty, Ranjan Kumar Sahoo, Subhendu Nayak et al.

Micronutrients are essential for plants. Their growth, productivity and reproduction are directly influenced by the supply of micronutrients. Currently, there are eight trace elements considered to be essential for higher plants: Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, B, Mo, and Cl. Possibly, other essential elements could be discovered because of recent advances in nutrient solution culture techniques and in the commercial availability of highly sensitive analytical instrumentation for elemental analysis. Much remains to be learned about the physiology of micronutrient absorption, translocation and deposition in plants, and about the functions they perform in plant growth and development. With the recent advancements in the proteomic and molecular biology tools, researchers have attempted to explore and address some of these questions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of micronutrients in plants and the proteomic/genomic approaches used to study plant nutrient deficiency and toxicity.

P. Sterk, Hilbert Booij, G. A. Schellekens et al.

Yukoh Hiei, T. Komari, T. Kubo

Jonathan H. Crane, Pollyana Cardoso Chagas, Edvan Alves Chagas

Robert Gruszecki, Grażyna Zawiślak, Michał Rybiński et al.

Suszenie surowców zielarskich jest podstawowym sposobem ich utrwalania, a wydajność tego procesu określa się współczynnikiem usychalności. Celem pracy było zebranie i wstępne przeanalizowanie współczynników usychalności zamieszczonych w publikacjach z zakresu zielarstwa, by stanowiło to impuls do dalszych badań w tym zakresie. Podawana usychalność surowców zielarskich często się różni, co może wynikać z różnic charakterystyki porównywanych surowców przed suszeniem i po suszeniu (kwiaty–kwiatostany, okorowany–nieokorowany, otarty lub nieotarty, z nasionami lub bez nasion), różnice te mogą wynikać również z niejednakowego stopnia dosuszenia surowca oraz miejsca jego pozyskania. Usychalność surowców ma duże znaczenie dla praktyki zielarskiej, ponieważ umożliwia określenie zapotrzebowania na surowiec zielarski i racjonalną gospodarkę ograniczonymi i cennymi zasobami roślin, szczególnie tych pozyskiwanych ze stanu naturalnego. Wydajność procesu suszenia, pomimo że w dużej mierze zależy od suchej masy surowca, jest również modyfikowana przez inne czynniki, np. sposób przygotowania surowca czy metodę suszenia, a wyjaśnienie tych zależności ma znaczenie zarówno dla praktyki, jak i nauki zielarskiej.

Yuman Cao, Jinlong Liu, Yuanying Li et al.

Phosphorus is one of the essential macronutrients required by plant growth and development, but phosphate resources are finite and diminishing rapidly because of the huge need in global agriculture. In this study, 11 genes were found in the Phosphate Transporter 1 (PHT1) family of Medicago truncatula. Seven genes of the PHT1 family were available by qRT-PCR. Most of them were expressed in roots, and almost all genes were induced by low-phosphate stress in the nodule. The expression of MtPT6 was relatively high in nodules and induced by low-phosphate stress. The fusion expression of MtPT6 promoter-GUS gene in M. truncatula suggested that the expression of MtPT6 was induced in roots and nodules by phosphate starvation. In roots, MtPT6 was mainly expressed in vascular tissue and tips, and it was also expressed in cortex under low-phosphate stress; in nodules, it was mainly expressed in vascular bundles, cortical cells, and fixation zone cells. MtPT6 had a close relationship with other PHT1 family members according to amino acid alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Subcellular localization analysis in tobacco revealed that MtPT6 protein was localized to the plasma membrane. The heterologous expression of MtPT6 in Arabidopsis knockout mutants of pht1.1 and pht1.4 made seedlings more susceptible to arsenate treatment, and the phosphate concentrations in pht1.1 were higher in high phosphate condition by expressing MtPT6. We conclude that MtPT6 is a typical phosphate transporter gene and can promote phosphate acquisition efficiency of plants.

V. Georgiev, J. Weber, Eva-Maria Kneschke et al.