Hasil untuk "Philosophy. Psychology. Religion"

Qianglong Wang, Ping Song, Yongxiang Hu et al.

This study examined how narcissistic traits influence women’s cognitive processing of verbal violence. Using a lexical decision task, an emotional Stroop task, and event-related potentials, we analyzed neural responses to violent versus neutral words in 70 women. Behaviorally, while narcissism showed no significant impact on performance in the Lexical Decision Task, a specific interference effect emerged in the emotional Stroop task, where higher narcissistic vulnerability predicted reduced accuracy for violent words relative to neutral ones. Notably, ERP results revealed a consistent pattern across both tasks: higher PNI total scores significantly predicted reduced amplitudes of early components, specifically the N170 and P2. Furthermore, in the emotional Stroop task, the vulnerability dimension emerged as a significant predictor of reduced EPN and P2 amplitudes. These findings suggest that when exposed to verbal violence, narcissistic women exhibit attenuated early evaluation and attentional allocation. This reflects a preemptive cognitive avoidance strategy used to protect the self-concept, driven primarily by a general narcissistic defensive pattern that manifests most acutely in vulnerable traits under high-interference conditions.

Karen Bullock

This chapter highlights the rationale informing the Declaration “Our Shared Responsibility to End Plastic Pollution, Protect Human Health, and Advance Social Justice for All,” which urges UN negotiators to incorporate provisions into the Treaty aimed at advancing human rights and protecting the vulnerable and the planet against plastic’s threats to human and planetary health.

Tuğberk Yakarlar, Efe Peker

Recent scholarship has studied the extensive transformation of Turkey’s Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet) over the past two decades as embodying a form of religious populism that mobilizes civilizational antagonisms. Based on a directed qualitative content analysis of Friday sermons, official publications, online material, broadcasts, and public statements by Diyanet leaders, this article makes three contributions. First, while confirming that the Diyanet promotes the civilizational unity of the ummah and casts Turkey as the spiritual custodian of a transhistorical Islamic world, the analysis shows that anti-elitist framings characteristic of populism are barely present in its rhetoric. Second, the article provides a detailed examination of <i>gönül coğrafyası</i> (geography of the heart), a widely invoked yet understudied concept through which the Diyanet reimagines Ottoman-Islamic heritage as a sacred topography of civilizational belonging and responsibility. Third, it examines how Europe is situated both outside and within this imagined geography: at once a constitutive and menacing “other” marked by Islamophobia and cultural decay yet also a moral frontier inhabited by Muslim diasporas through whom Turkish Islam extends its reach. By drawing such symbolic boundaries, the Diyanet frames Islam as both religious patrimony and ethical alternative to Western modernity, portraying itself as a key actor in the re-sacralization of modern life across borders.

Malena Tonelli

En la Enéada III4 (15), Plotino integra pasajes de diálogos de Platón en los que se encuentra la noción de daímon. El análisis se concentra en el alma –especialmente la individual– y en el modo en que debe comprenderse la conducta. Ahora bien, a pesar de que Porfirio lo tituló “Sobre el daímon que hemos recibido en suerte”, tomando el Fedón, Plotino parte de la capacidad que tiene el alma –antes de la combinación con el cuerpo– de elegir al daímon que la conducirá a un género de vida o a otro, a la luz del mito de Er de la República. Como se ve, la responsabilidad recae en esa elección, y el cuerpo parece no tener lugar en la conducta del individuo. La consecuencia indeseada sería que, una vez elegido el daímon, para el alma encarnada no es posible ni empeorar ni mejorar; por lo cual, según entiendo, el aprendizaje, la aspiración de alcanzar la virtud –acaso la tarea filosófica misma–, no tendría razón de ser. En este trabajo, me propongo ofrecer un acotado análisis de algunos pasajes de III4 (15) con vistas a examinar el problema de la elección y decisión del alma, y su comercio con el cuerpo.

Linglin Liang, Nazik Hangeldiyeva

Juan Camilo Cardona Castaño

La pandemia mundial brindó la oportunidad de reflexionar sobre el territorio y la existencia humana. El propósito de esta investigación fue explorar la relación con el espacio habitado desde la perspectiva de jóvenes de 15 a 17 años en situación de vulnerabilidad durante la pandemia. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque metodológico de investigación cualitativa con 26 jóvenes, precedido por una inmersión en campo, talleres participativos y diálogos de saberes. Se utilizó un mapa participativo como herramienta adicional. Los resultados revelaron que el espacio habitado adquirió importancia para los jóvenes durante la pandemia, al convertirse en un refugio que les permitió conectarse con la naturaleza y experimentar nuevas sensaciones, como sonidos, disfrutar del paisaje y disfrutar de la naturaleza. Reconocieron que, antes de la crisis sanitaria, este lugar carecía de valor para ellos, pero la pandemia los llevó a reconsiderarlo como un sitio de protección que los hizo sentir menos vulnerables. Aunque el objetivo se alcanzó parcialmente debido a las incertidumbres de la salud pública a nivel global, los participantes transformaron su percepción del espacio, generando un nuevo significado que fortaleció sus habilidades individuales para afrontar la pandemia de COVID-19.

Marco Antonio Ricse Caballero

Pensar desde el mal es un libro de filosofía política y de ética, donde se lleva a cabo una crítica algo acre de las instituciones y creencias del tiempo presente, por lo que las reflexiones allí contenidas son a modo de diagnóstico en un cuerpo de ideas que tienen una matriz histórica e incluso sociológica. No se trata en absoluto de una obra de ciencias sociales, sino de la ejecución de un tipo de discurso donde la historia política y el análisis de los acontecimientos sociales se desarrollan en extraña convivencia con una gran diversidad de recursos argumentativos, algo propio de la hermenéutica filosófica.

Behrouz Faramarzi Rad, somayhe robatmili, Khadejeh Aboulmaali alhosini et al.

Background: Alexithymia is a type of mood disorder that causes the inability to cognitively process emotional information and regulate emotions. Spouses' Alexithymia is one of the factors affecting couples' incompatibility and interaction, which has a negative effect on their interaction and compatibility. However, there is a research gap in the field of the ability to predict Alexithymia through the ability to process emotional information with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure in the target society, so in this research, the prediction of Alexithymia based on emotional processing with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure in married people is discussed. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a structural model for predicting Alexithymia based on emotional processing with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure. Methods: The method of descriptive research is correlation type using structural equations. The research population was all married women who referred to counseling and assistance clinics in Robat Karim city for consensual divorce in the year2019, and 200 people were selected by available sampling method. In order to collect data, Toronto Persian scale of emotional Alexithymia (Bashart, 2007), Emotional information processing questionnaire(Abolmaali,2019) and emotional self-disclosure scale (Snell, 2001) were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods and Also, structural equations and Spss, Lisrel software were used.. Results: The results showed that emotional self-disclosure plays a mediating role in the relationship between Alexithymia and emotional processing (p>0.05) and there is an indirect relationship between Alexithymia and emotional processing considering emotional self-disclosure as a mediating factor. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between emotional information processing and Alexithymia, so that among the variables of emotional processing, the variable of weakened and suppressed emotions predicts Alexithymia and in general, Alexithymia in couples can be predicted based on the mentioned variables. Therefore, these factors should be considered in prevention and treatment programs.

Jessica Berenice Flores-Mendoza, Paola Eunice Díaz-Rivera, Rolando Díaz-Loving et al.

La cardiopatía isquémica es la primera causa de muerte en México y el mundo. La dieta cardiosaludable es una de las principales medidas de prevención primaria que aporta elementos cardioprotectores que disminuyen el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, los pacientes no suelen adherirse a la dieta cardiosaludable, ya que esta depende de factores psicosociales, como las actitudes y el contexto. El objetivo de este estudio fue probar si las actitudes hacia disminuir el consumo de alimentos dañinos, las actitudes hacia aumentar el consumo de alimentos saludables, las barreras situacionales (entendidas como situacionales sociales, de trabajo y económicas que modifican la alimentación) y la intención conductual predicen la adherencia a la alimentación cardiosaludable. El estudio contó con la participación de 125 pacientes con diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica con una edad media 56 (DE=± 9.6); 44% mujeres y el resto hombres. Se diseñaron las escalas de actitudes conductuales, intención conductual y barreras situacionales hacia la alimentación cardiosaludable. También se adaptó el instrumento PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) para medir adherencia a la alimentación cardiosaludable. Todos los instrumentos mostraron indicadores de consistencia interna adecuados. Un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple por pasos mostró que la intención conductual, las barreras situacionales y la actitud favorable a disminuir el consumo de alimentos dañinos predicen la adherencia a la alimentación cardiosaludable explicando el 20.6% de la varianza. Un análisis de mediación mostró que la relación entre la intención y la alimentación cardiosaludable está parcialmente mediada por las barreras situacionales. Se discute el efecto del contexto.

Yusuf Avşar, Ozan Özdemir

Islamic (participation) banks in Turkey are required to apply international accounting standards in their accounting and reporting practices, while their counterparts in Bahrain apply the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standards. The main objective of this paper is to reveal the relation between Islamic and international accounting standards, discussed in previous studies, by comparing the compliance to AAOIFI accounting standards by Islamic banks in both Turkey and Bahrain. The source of information in this study is secondary data provided in the annual reports of the Islamic banks in Turkey and Bahrain for the year 2017. In order to measure compliance, an unweighted disclosure index was used. The outcomes of this study show that, since AAOIFI accounting standards are compulsory in Bahrain, the level of compliance with AAOIFI standards in relation to general presentation and disclosure in the financial statements of Islamic banks in Turkey is lower than the compliance achieved by their counterparts in Bahrain. Due to the average compliance level achieved by Islamic banks (using the unweighted disclosure index) in Turkey (54.6%), and since all banks in Turkey apply international financial reporting standards and international accounting standards, it is found that there is a relation between AAOIFI and International Accounting Standards Board standards even though they are different. Surprisingly, in the case of Bahrain’s Islamic banks, the standard deviation of the total compliance score is 8.66, which indicates an important difference among the Islamic banks in Bahrain in this regard. It is also found that the current practices of participation banks in Turkey do not adequately meet the financial statements and disclosure standards in accordance with the AAOIFI.

Yoachim Agus Tridiatno

The paper explores forgiveness in Islam starting from the Islamic bases, forgiveness as moral response, forgiveness needs repentance, and implementing forgiveness for promoting a peaceful world. It is library research based on articles and books which discussed the topics, and the secondary data about forgiveness in Islam. It aims to expose the soft side of Islam especially its struggle for peace and harmonious life.

Antonio Benítez-Burraco, Daniela Pörtl, Christoph Jung

Different factors seemingly account for the emergence of present-day languages in our species. Human self-domestication has been recently invoked as one important force favoring language complexity mostly via a cultural mechanism. Because our self-domestication ultimately resulted from selection for less aggressive behavior and increased prosocial behavior, any evolutionary or cultural change impacting on aggression levels is expected to have fostered this process. Here, we hypothesize about a parallel domestication of humans and dogs, and more specifically, about a positive effect of our interaction with dogs on human self-domestication, and ultimately, on aspects of language evolution, through the mechanisms involved in the control of aggression. We review evidence of diverse sort (ethological mostly, but also archeological, genetic, and physiological) supporting such an effect and propose some ways of testing our hypothesis.

Pavlo H. Petrov

утрішньому та зовнішньому середовищах. Досліджуються технології впливу політичних інститутів на суспільство (цільову аудиторію) в середині держави та за її межами у процесі формування іміджу транзитивних демократій. Пояснюється специфіка формування інформаційного масиву для транзитивних демократій в рамках впливу на внутрішню та зовнішню цільову аудиторію. Визначаються найбільш ефективні технології впливу на суспільство для політичних інститутів транзитивних демократій.

Siti Khomariyah, Khudriyah Khudriyah

The future challenge in education is creating individuals who are able to learn for life. The challenge of shifting values ​​in society will bring a value crisis. To avoid it is implementing of character education to improve the quality of faith and piety. This study aims to describe the implementation of character education. This research is a qualitative research. Using interview, observation, and documentation as techniques of collecting data, then the data was analyzed by Miles and Huberman models. The research results showed that the implementation of character education through: habitual worship before school, in the class, rest, and before going home; giving advice inside and outside the learning process; exemplary teacher in starting the application of character education; internalization by focusing on cognition dimension and value, as well as extracurricular and religious programs. The character values ​​applied are: sincerity, honesty, responsibility, hard work, and tasammuh.

Juan Wang, Juan Wang, Xinxin Shi et al.

The present study aimed to explore the joint effect of paternal and maternal parenting behaviors on adolescent’s school engagement, and the mediating role of mastery goal. A total of 2,775 Chinese adolescent participants (55.3% females, mean age = 15.70, SD = 1.57) from two-parent families were recruited in 2014, who rated their perceptions of emotional warmth, behavioral guidance, harsh discipline of their father and mother, as well as their own mastery goal and school engagement. Results showed that paternal and maternal parenting behaviors had interaction effects on school engagement with different interaction patterns. Specifically, the interactions of both parents’ emotional warmth and both parents’ behavioral guidance displayed strengthening patterns, where one parent’s high emotional warmth or behavioral guidance enhanced the positive relationship between the corresponding parenting behavior of the other parent and adolescents’ school engagement. By contrast, the interaction of both parents’ harsh discipline displayed an interfering pattern, where one parent’s high level of harsh discipline reduced the negative relationship between harsh discipline of the other parent and school engagement. Further, all three interaction effects between father and mother on school engagement were mediated by mastery goal. These findings underline the importance of viewing family from a systematic perspective and the benefits of supportive parenting behavior of both parents.

Nicholas eRosseinsky

Sevde Düzgüner

Gleisy Picoli

Com este artigo, pretendo fazer uma análise não só da origem etimológica dos termos latinos bonum e malum, como também de suas acepções nas doutrinas de Agostinho e Schopenhauer. O meu intuito é mostrar que o summum bonum de Agostinho, constituindo, com efeito, uma herança do ágathos platônico, possui uma significação moral. E, por conseguinte, a doutrina da negação da vontade de Schopenhauer, por ser uma retomada da ideia cristã da graça como summum bonum, deve também apresentar tal significação. Das minhas análises resultará que a tradução mais adequada para bonum e malum é, respectivamente, “bom” e “mau”, pois assim conserva-se o sentido original moral dos termos latinos, ao mesmo tempo em que se ressalta o papel moral que eles ocupam nas doutrinas dos filósofos mencionados.

J. Diller, Andrew E. Nuzzolilli

K. Kalaiselvan, K. Naachimuthu