Hasil untuk "Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention"

Minsoo Oh, Jing Dong-O’Brien

Jesús Blanco-Juárez, Jorge Buele

Industrial safety in high-risk sectors such as mining, construction, oil and gas, petrochemicals, and offshore fishing remains a strategic global challenge due to the high incidence of occupational accidents and their human, financial, and legal consequences. Despite international standards and advancements in safety strategies, significant barriers persist in the effective implementation of a Zero Accident culture. This scoping review, conducted under PRISMA-ScR guidelines, analyzed 11 studies selected from 232 records, focusing on documented practices in both multinational corporations from developed economies and local companies in emerging markets. The methodological synthesis validated theoretical models, practical interventions, and regulatory frameworks across diverse industrial settings. The findings led to the construction of a five-pillar model that provides the structural foundation for a comprehensive safety strategy: (1) strategic safety planning, defining long-term vision, mission, and objectives with systematic risk analysis; (2) executive leadership and commitment, expressed through decision-making, resource allocation, and on-site engagement; (3) people and competencies, emphasizing continuous training, communities of practice, and the development of safe behaviors; (4) process risk management, using validated protocols, structured methodologies, and early warning systems; and (5) performance measurement and auditing, combining reactive and proactive indicators within continuous improvement cycles. The results demonstrate that only a holistic approach, one that aligns strategy, culture, and performance, can sustain a robust safety culture. While notable reductions in incident rates were observed when these pillars were applied, the current literature is dominated by theoretical contributions and model replication from developed countries, with limited empirical evaluation in emerging contexts. This study provides a comparative, practice-oriented framework to guide the implementation and refinement of safety systems in high-risk organizations. This review was registered in Open Science Framework (OSF): 10.17605/OSF.IO/XFDPR.

Ilir Bejleri, Xingjing Xu, Karla Rodrigues Silva et al.

Indah Pratiwi, Robi Setyawan

Introduction: This study focuses on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) engaged in the manual production of bricks. Specifically, it addresses the repetitive tasks of hoeing, mixing clay, and lifting and carrying bricks, which are performed for prolonged periods. The aim is to assess and mitigate risk factors associated with these manual tasks that may lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Methods: The study involved 75 male workers with an average age of 43.52 ± 11.02 years, an average work experience of 14.18 ± 10.43 years, and an average body mass index (BMI) of 23.73 ± 2.59. The workers' manual material handling (MMH) activities were evaluated using the Workplace Ergonomic Risk Assessment (WERA) and Key Indicator Method (KIM). Additionally, the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire was used to identify areas of the body where workers experience pain related to their tasks. Results: The WERA assessment identified ten activities with a medium risk level, necessitating further analysis. The KIM assessment revealed six activities with a very high risk level and four with high risk. Recommendations were made for four high-risk activities, specifically suggesting the redesign of material transport carts. This intervention has the potential to reduce injury risk scores by up to 50%. Conclusion: The combined use of the WERA and KIM methods proves effective in assessing MMH risk in brick-production MSMEs, offering insights for targeted ergonomic interventions.

Niranyakarn Chantra, Phassakorn Klinkwan, Saovalug Luksamijarulkul et al.

Introduction: The informal workers in Bangkok have low income, high expenses, and inequity in health coverage, especially in Bangkok metropolitan area. Moreover, the urban lifestyle was severer than in rural area. However, their mental heaths were not directly determined.  Therefore, the objective of this study was aimed to determine the relationship among mental health and related factors including demographic data, health behaviors, and coping responses.  Methods: The research areas in Bangkok metropolitan area were included voluntarily which were Ladkrabang, Prawet, and Prapradang districts and the subjects were recruited from conventional sampling. They were interviewed by questionnaire. Results: The subjects were 94 male and 76 female informal workers. Most of them finished primary school and an average income was 9,019.68 bahts per month. The happiness score was 31.56 (S.D.=5.06). The mental state was 11.1(S.D.=3.04), mental capacity was 6.25 (S.D.=1.49), mental quality was 6.92(S.D.=1.31) and family support was 7.28 (S.D.=1.41). Conclusion: The happiness and work-family balance were in medium; the others were in high level. The work-family balance, medium work demands, financial status and occupations are the potential factors that affected to mental health status of the informal workers.  Discussion: The mental capacity and the work-family balance need to be improved for increasing their mental health status. Hence, the working schedule should be arranged and the monitoring of mental health status should be monitored in further study.

Bahaudin Mujtaba, Belal Kaifi, Eleanor Lawrence

A commitment to safety is not a once-a-year endeavor that requires minimum training or awareness, but rather, it is a comprehensive concern for all stakeholders. Every business should provide a safe environment for their workers. This paper provides an overview of safety concerns, legal requirements, and best practices based on a review of the literature and government fatality data in the workplace, especially in the construction industry. Managers and human resource professionals must ensure their workplace places are as safe as possible. Using personality assessments to identify high-safety risk professionals can be one tool in their toolbox for creating and sustaining a safe and healthy work environment.

Kuan-Ting Chen, Huei-Yen Winnie Chen

Previous studies have examined driving styles and how they are associated with crash risks relying on self-report questionnaires to categorize respondents based on pre-defined driving styles. Naturalistic driving studies provide a unique opportunity to examine this relationship differently. The current study aimed to study how driving styles, derived from real-road driving, may relate to crash severity. To study the relationship, this study retrieved safety critical events (SCEs) from the SHRP 2 database and adopted joint modelling of the number of the aggregated crash severity levels (crash vs. non-crash) using the Diagonal Inflated Bivariate Poisson (DIBP) model. Variables examined included driving styles and various driver characteristics. Among driving styles examined, styles of maintenance of lower speeds and more adaptive responses to driving conditions were associated with fewer crashes given an SCE occurred. Longer driving experiences, more miles driven last year, and being female also reduced the number of crashes. Interestingly, older drivers were associated with both an increased number of crashes and increased number of non-crash SCEs. Future work may leverage more variables from the SHRP 2 database and widen the scope to examine different traffic conditions for a more complete picture of driving styles.

Rui Liu, Hong-Bo Deng, Chuan-Lin Mou et al.

The leakage and diffusion of hazardous gases from steam methane reforming (SMR) equipment are investigated by Flame Acceleration Simulator (FLACS) software to optimize the layout of combustible gas detectors. A typical accident scenario, with the gases leaked from converter tubes with leak apertures of 5 mm, 25 mm, and 100 mm and medium pressure of 0.1 MPa, 1 MPa, and 10 MPa, is established. At the same time, the influence of the environment wind speeds from 0.2 m·s⁻¹ to 6 m·s⁻¹ on the diffusion process is also investigated. The research results show that the leakage source concentration and diffusion distance positively correlate with the leakage aperture. Suggestion on the distance between combustible gas detectors and possible leak point is within 5 m, 10 m, and 15 m in the scenario of the leak aperture of 5 mm (small-hole leak aperture), 25 mm (middle-hole leak aperture), and 100 mm (big-hole leak aperture). The most dangerous scenario is at the static ambient wind speed, and the diffusion process strengthens with the raising of wind speed. The turning point scenario occurs at a wind speed of 1 m·s⁻¹, where the flammable area is minimal. The medium pressure relates to the jet speed of the combustible gases. The wind speed should be comprehensively determined when considering the layout of the combustible gas detectors affected by this factor. The orthogonal experimental design shows that the most significant influence factor on the diffusion process of the combustible gas is the leak aperture, followed by the medium pressure and, finally, by the ambient wind speed. Recommendations are listed for the optimization of the layout of gas detectors in related enterprises.

Fandita Tonyka Maharani, Zena Lynch

Introduction: In 2009, UNESCO declared Batik Indonesia as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This study examines the occupational health and safety hazards and risks that arise in a Batik company based on a case example of a Batik company in Surakarta, Indonesia. In Indonesia, Batik is categorized as traditional attire. Two kinds of Batik are produced - Batik tulis (traditionally handcrafted) and Batik printing, which uses specific printing tools. The UK Health Safety Executive (HSE) risk assessment framework is referred to in this study, which consists of: hazard identification, population exposure, risk evaluation, precaution development, recording findings, and regular appraisal of systems. Methods: Both observation and interviews (of workers) at the Batik company were utilized for this study as well as an independent risk assessment. Results: The findings highlighted physical, ergonomic, chemical, mechanical, and biological hazards, originating from the materials, tools, and working methods utilized in the batik production. Conclusion: Many of the issues highlighted by this study can be addressed via in-depth risk assessment, using the POPMAR model to frame the activities. This approach can create a positive pathway, leading to a continuous cycle of improvement which puts the workers’ health at the forefront of the business activities. Keywords: Batik, workers, hazard identification, HSE Model, risk management

Olena Derhylova

В умовах відсутності в обраній предметній області закінченої теорії незамінним інструментом дослідника залишається модель об’єкта чи явища, що підлягає дослідженню. Не зважаючи на конкретні особливості моделі, слід зазначити, що процес отримання необхідної моделі завжди базується на ретельному вивченні об’єкта-оригінала. Якщо механізм функціонування об’єкта-оригінала доступний для розкриття та розуміння, а його окремі складові піддаються повному (в межах дослідження) вивченню, то в такому випадку природною є побудова та подальше застосування імітаційної моделі. Але теорія воєнної безпеки держави має справу з об’єктами та явищами, властивості яких в різній мірі, але завжди знаходяться в залежності від “людського фактору”, отже важко піддаються формалізації. Цей факт означає, що, як правило, “істинний” механізм функціонування об’єкту дослідження залишається для дослідника скритим, а вивчення властивостей окремих складових об’єкта дослідження в потрібній мірі неможливе. Проте і в таких випадках є потреба застосування в дослідженні відповідних моделей, причому сам об’єкт дослідження уявляється як деякий “чорний ящик”. Одним із різновидів видів моделювання, який враховує і притаманні певному суб’єкту особливості сприйняття ситуації, і нечіткість опису ситуації та об’єкту моделювання, та базується на застосуванні формальних методів, є когнітивне моделювання. В статті розглядається когнітивна модель науково-технічної сфери як складової забезпечення воєнної безпеки держави. На основі відомої моделі розглянуто способи визначення структури та параметрів моделі, її застосування для визначення найбільш впливових факторів на цілі функціонування системи, а також способи модифікації моделі для урахування поточних реалій.

Andrii Zinchenko, Kostiantyn Sjkolov, Oleh Hudyma

Гібридна війна є комбінацією традиційних та нетрадиційних методів ведення війни, які включають використання сил спеціального призначення, нерегулярних збройних формувань, інформаційну війну та пропаганду, дипломатичні заходи, кібератаки, економічний тиск та інше. Реалізація процесів забезпечення інформаційної безпеки передбачає обов’язкове здійснення  виявлення інформаційних загроз – кризових ситуацій. В умовах значної динаміки зміни та щільності потоку кризових ситуацій реалізації їх ідентифікації має такі собливості: складність формалізації ознак кризової ситуації для ідентифікації; ознаки кризової ситуації можуть формуватись у вигляді множини показників та (або) критеріїв; сукупність ознак може містити одночасно об’єктивні й суб’єктивні показники та мати стохастичну або нечітку невизначеність; відсутність частки інформаційних ознак кризової ситуації порівняно з еталоном; вимога отримання остаточного рішення про ідентифікацію у лінгвістичній формі з урахуванням ступеня наближення об’єкта ідентифікації до еталона; необхідність отримання пояснення сформованого рішення про ідентифікацію, що особливо важливо для інтелектуальних систем підтримки прийняття рішень; велика розмірність задачі ідентифікації в умовах жорстких вимог щодо оперативності виявлення кризової ситуації з щільністю їх потоку та значною динамікою зміни. Аналіз класичних підходів показує їх низьку ефективність для умов ідентифікації кризової ситуації. Останнім часом глибокий розвиток і широке розповсюдження одержали ідеї синергетики і методи самоорганізації, зокрема стосовно завдань управління. Самоорганізація виникає у системах і процесах, що мають властивості: відкритої архітектури; є нерівноважними; посилюють флуктуаційні процеси, мають позитивний зворотній зв’язок та достатню кількість взаємодіючих елементів чи перехідних станів. Існує унікальність задачі розпізнавання кризових ситуацій інформаційного спрямування. Вона полягає у суто специфічному переліку ознак для виявлення контрольованого процесу і алгоритму самоорганізації, що забезпечує розв’язок задачі в умовах великої розмірності, значної динаміки зміни та щільності потоку кризової ситуації. Метою даної статті є розробка методики ідентифікації кризових ситуацій інформаційного спрямування на основі самоорганізації

Bijan MAGHSOUDI KAMAL, Reza JAFARI NODOUSHAN, Mohammad NOURI

Abstract: Introduction: Today, commercial complexes are among the most important shopping centers in cities that account for one of the most important urban development infrastructures. Evaluation and management of fire is essential to prevent accidents and disasters such as fires. Due to the increased population density and slow access to safe and secure outdoor space during the disaster, human casualties and financial losses have increased. The aim of this study was to make strategic decisions in fire risk management in Aftab Gorgan commercial complex using artificial intelligence model. Method: In this study,  all technical documentation, including technical-physical and urban properties as well as notification and extinguishing system of the commercial complex under study were investigated. Later, the important and influential components of the design were identified, paired, weighted, and compared using Delphi questionnaires. In the next stage,  the SWOT matrix was applied and quadratic strategies were designed and modeled after designing a hierarchical tree to model and prioritize the strategies. Results: According to the outputs of the performed modeling using Matlab and Neuro-Solution 5 software, we found that in weighting and ranking of the eight designed strategies, only one strategy was ranked (and has equal priority) in both models and other scenarios were different. Therefore, integrating strategies for fire risk management was considered essential. Conclusion: The findings showed that the strategy of adopting the systematic and strategic-operational management approach of fire risk in Gorgan Aftab 3 Complex design were the most ideal possible strategies. This was due to the special attention paid to optimization of physical spaces and fire alarm systems as well as implementation of business classification and continuous excellence system of HSE-MS and crisis management.

Giuseppe Cantisani, Laura Moretti, Yessica De Andrade Barbosa

The attention to the most vulnerable road users has grown rapidly in recent decades. The experience gained reveals an important number of cyclist fatalities due to road crashes; most of which occur at intersections. In this study, dispersion of trajectories in urban intersections has been considered to identify the whole conflict area and the largest conflict areas between cars and bicycles, and the speeds have been used to calculate exposure time of cyclists and reaction time available to drivers to avoid collision. These data allow the summary approach to the problem, while a risk probability model has been developed to adopt an elementary approach analysis. A quantitative damage model has been proposed to classify each conflict point, and a probabilistic approach has been defined to consider the traffic volume and the elementary unit of exposure. The combination of damage and probability, permitted to assess the risk of crash, at the examined intersection. Three types of urban four-arm intersection, with and without bike paths, were considered. For each scheme, the authors assessed the risk of collision between the cyclist and the vehicle. The obtained results allowed the identification of the most hazardous maneuvers and highlighted that geometry and kinematics of traffic movements cannot be overlooked, when designing an urban road intersection. The strategy proposed by the authors could have a significant impact on the risk management of urban intersections. The obtained results and the proposed hazard estimation methodology could be used to design safer intersections.

V. V. Deryushev, E. E. Kosenko, V. V. Kosenko et al.

A model has been built for estimating the degree of uncertainty in making technical decisions. It is based on a comparison of the results of decisions made (training sample) with their assessment based on indicators adopted for the intended decision making.

Arie Adriaensen, Wilm Decré, Liliane Pintelon

With the introduction of Industry 4.0, occupational health and safety finds itself confronted with new types of hazards. Many Industry 4.0 innovations involve increased machine intelligence. These properties make socio-technical work in Industry 4.0 applications inherently more complex. At the same time, system failure can become more opaque to its users. This paper reviews and assesses safety analysis methods as the breakdown of interaction coupling in socio-technical systems on the one hand, and the degree of failure tractability on the other hand; the latter being used as a proxy for complexity. Previous literature confirms that traditional health and safety risk assessment methods are unable or are ‘ill-equipped’ to deal with these system properties. This paper studies the need to introduce new paradigms and safety methods related to complexity thinking with theories borrowed from the study of complex adaptive systems, all to assess the arena of abruptly changing hazards introduced by Industry 4.0. At the same time, this review makes clear that there is no one-solution-fits-all method. Occupational health and safety (OHS) covers many different hazard types and will need a combination of old, new and yet-to-be-developed safety assessment methods.

Asma Tabassum, William Semke

This work analyzes the severity and risk associated with automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) message drop-out in detect and avoid (DAA) function of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Performance assessment of the universal access transceiver (UAT) ADS-B message implies that, in some cases, ADS-B fails to update within a specified update interval, which is referred to as ‘drop-out’ in this work. ADS-B is a fundamental surveillance sensor for both class 1 and class 2 DAA systems. Message loss or drop-out has been found as one of the common limitations of the ADS-B system. The key feature of this study is incorporating the update rate of real ADS-B data transmitted from the manned aircraft. The data were received from the Grand Forks International Airport, North Dakota. Monte Carlo method has been adopted to resolve encounter scenarios in the presence of drop-out. The change in the alert triggered by the UAS DAA in the presence of ADS-B drop-out has been investigated. Furthermore, the risk matrices are created to quantify the associated risk with drop-out affected alerts. Simulation results depict that both the duration of drop-out and DAA look-ahead time affect the alert-triggering function of UAS. With a small look-ahead window and longer duration of drop-out, the number of warning alerts increases. Also, alerts are affected more during an overtaking encounter than that of a head-to-head encounter. A system-level analysis is also carried out to recognize the potential reasons behind the ADS-B drop-out.

Ali NEMATOLAHI, Hamideh MIHANPOUR, Zahra MANSOURI

Introduction: Stress is result of an interaction between an individual and a situation in which the person cannot meet the demands which is a common problem in work environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coping strategies on work stress among tile factory workers in Abadeh. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 288 people selected by systematic randomized stratified sampling method from workers of three active tile factories in Abadeh city in 2015. Samples were evaluated using Hellriegel & Slocum’s work stress questionnaire and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS) questionnaire. The data were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Results: The results showed that problem-focused coping with the beta coefficient (β = 0.320) and the significant level (P = 0.0005) were negative predictors and emotion-focused coping with beta coefficient (β = 0.329) and the significance level (P = 0.0005) were positive predictors of work stress. . The emotion-focused coping was also able to predict the changes related to work stress and its dimensions. However, avoidance-focus coping was not able to predict work stress and its dimensions. Conclusion: According to the findings, the effects of work stress of workers can be improved by increasing problem-focused strategies through training the use of these types of coping strategies and also reducing their emotion-focused coping.

Ratih Putri Ramadhani

Working in confined space has very high risks, therefore, one of the hierarchy control to manage identified risk is administrative by implementing Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). The implementation of SOP correlates with the worker behaviors. The purpose of this research is to find out correlation between knowledge, facilities, and supervision to implementation behaviors of sop in confined space. This study is an observational descriptive research using cross sectional approach. The subject is a total population of 19 cleaning workers in Ducting Dust Collector PT. X . The data provided in distribution of frequency tables and was analyzed using crosstabulation followed with Phi and Cramers V Coefficient to see the relation strength. The result of the study shows that most of the workers has a good behavior in implementing the working SOP in  confined space. According to Phi and CramersV Coefficient, Knowledge (0,57) and Facilities (0,57) has a strong relation with the implementation behavior of SOP in confined space. Supervision has no relationship at all with the implementation behavior of working SOP within the confined space.  Keywords: confined space, behavior, SOP

Muhammad Rizky Andriyanto

The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is one of the risk control measures that aim to protect workers from safety and health hazards. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to the behavior of the use of PPE in Production Unit I PT Petrokimia Gresik. This research was an analytic-observational research with cross sectional design. Sample in this research were 100 workers. The result was presented in the form of frequency distributions and cross-tabulations then analyzed by chi-square statistic. The results showed that the majority of the workers were well behaved in the use of PPE in the workplace. Statistical analysis showed that the knowledge (p = 0.019; r = 0.346) was the significant factors related to the behavior of the use of PPE and have lower relationships. The conclusion was that the higher the level of knowledge, the better behavior in the use of PPE, while suggestions for the company is the need to increase the amount of training related to K3 especially regarding PPE informally, supervisors to be more assertive to punish or sanction against employees who violate the rules, no matter the level of education, age, and length of service, and the need to increase K3-related surveillance and establish good communication with workers.   Keywords: behavior, personal protective equipment, policies, Gresik, fertilizers and chemicals