Hasil untuk "Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare"

Dominikus Raditya Atmaka, Shintia Yunita Arini, Bian Shabri Putri Irwanto et al.

Introduction: Emotional eating, as a method of stress coping mechanism in workers, makes a person tend to consume more energy daily. Uncontrolled daily intake will lead to a high probability of a person developing metabolic syndrome in the future. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between working style to stress, coping mechanisms, and metabolic syndrome risk in sedentary workers. Method: This research is a cross-sectional study conducted at Kalla Group. Measurement of blood biochemistry (total cholesterol, blood glucose and uric acid) used FORA 6 Plus, blood pressure was measured using Omron digital sphygmomanometer 7130, waist circumference using Seca 201 measuring tape, and height using GEA microtoise. Measurements of body composition used Omron Karada Scan Hbf 375 Body Fat Composition Monitor Bioimpedance Analyzer. Stress was measured using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale K10 instrument. Coping mechanism was measured using Carver’s COPE Inventory. Result: Significant correlations were found for cholesterol levels (p = 0.044), waist circumference (p = 0.036), blood pressure (p = 0.042), and muscular percentage (p = 0.032). No significant correlations were found between working style for stress level (p = 0.683), coping mechanisms (p = 0.744), blood glucose (p = 0.128), uric acid (p = 0.380), visceral fat percentage (p = 0.128), and fat mass (p = 0.547). Conclusion: Significant correlations were found between working style for cholesterol levels, waist circumference, blood pressure, and muscular percentage, suggesting that different working styles may influence these health aspects.

Silvia De Gaetano, Elena Ponzo, Angelina Midiri et al.

In recent decades, the world has observed the emergence and re-emergence of a multitude of previously non-existent or re-emerging infectious diseases, for which there is a paucity of timely and effective preventative measures. The WHO has published a catalogue of priority pathogens that are likely to trigger future epidemics, with the objective of designing effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. The rationale behind these interventions is rooted in a comprehensive understanding of the aetiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of the target diseases. While it is imperative to acknowledge the pivotal role that evolutionary changes in pathogens play, it is equally important to recognise the influence of a multifaceted interplay of factors on the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. These include changes in human populations, the vectors and reservoirs of exposure, and environmental changes. This review summarises the aetiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of the ten WHO priority diseases, as well as those with high epidemic potential that are already the focus of specific control programme initiatives, such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria diseases. Furthermore, this review concentrated on the means of addressing these infections through public health surveillance and response systems. Such systems must be designed to rapidly detect unusual and unexpected disease patterns, track and share information in real time, and rapidly mobilise global responses, which are the most important ways to effectively contain transmission.

Beatrice Pattaro, Michele Dolcini, Andrea Brambilla et al.

Background: This study examines the role of the built environment in mitigating risk in healthcare facilities, with a particular focus on how the design of hospital infrastructures can influence and improve the safety of patients, staff, and visitors. Methods: A two-phase mixed-methods approach was adopted. First, a scoping literature review was conducted to identify design-based strategies targeting five categories of risk: healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), indoor air quality (IAQ), safety, falls, and emergency resilience. Based on this review, a structured questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of hospital facilities in Northern Italy to assess the implementation of the strategies emerged. Results: The literature review identifies recurring specific design solutions and strategies that have proven effective in mitigating risks in healthcare infrastructures in the following dimensions: infection mitigation, indoor air quality, falls reduction, safety, emergency preparedness. At the same time, survey data from (n = 9) hospitals indicate a significant implementation gap. Key shortcomings included a lack of spatial flexibility, limited environmental monitoring (especially for IAQ and acoustic conditions), and underutilization of antibacterial surfaces. Antibacterial flooring and wall finishes were absent in (n = 4/9) and (n = 6/9) of the facilities, respectively. IAQ monitoring was mostly confined to surgical areas, with (n = 0/9) facility reporting comprehensive building-wide monitoring. Only two (n = 2) facilities reported adaptable spaces suitable for emergency conversion and accessible green areas. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive overview of risk mitigation strategies in hospital design. The results reveal critical gaps in implementation, particularly in spatial flexibility, environmental monitoring, and antimicrobial surfaces. Future research should focus on developing adaptable design models that are context-sensitive, scalable, and capable of enhancing healthcare resilience in response to emerging global health threats.

Hye-Min Ku, Jong-Woo Kim, Mi-Kyoung Jun

<b>Background:</b> The use of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology is rapidly expanding in modern dentistry. However, differences may exist in educational experiences and utilization competencies between dental hygiene and dental technology students. <b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to assess CAD/CAM educational exposure and competencies by major and grade level. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 464 undergraduate students in Korea. The questionnaire covered general characteristics, CAD/CAM education experience, and competencies in scanning, CAD design, CAM operation, and post-processing. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples <i>t</i>-tests, and correlation analysis. <b>Results:</b> A total of 464 valid responses were analyzed. Dental technology students reported significantly higher experience with CAD/CAM education compared with dental hygiene students (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Scanning, CAD design, CAM operation, and post-processing competency were all significantly higher among dental technology students and senior (3–4 year) students compared with dental hygiene and junior (1–2 year) students (<i>p</i> < 0.001). CAD/CAM competencies varied significantly by major and grade level. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings emphasize the need to strengthen CAD/CAM training in dentistry curricula and to promote interdisciplinary digital dentistry education to prepare practice-ready graduates for a digitized clinical environment.

Jun Bai, Yuzeng Wang, Siwei Deng et al.

Abstract Microplastics (MPs), a brand-new class of worldwide environmental pollutant, have received a lot of attention. MPs are consumed by both humans and animals through water, food chain and other ways, which may cause potential health risks. However, the effects of MPs on embryonic development, especially placental function, and its related mechanisms still need to be further studied. We investigated the impact on fetal development and placental physiological function of pregnant mice by consecutive gavages of MPs at 0, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg body weight during gestational days (GDs 0–14). The results showed that continuous exposure to high concentrations of MP significantly reduced daily weight gain and impaired reproductive performance of pregnant mice. In addition, MPs could significantly induce oxidative stress and placental dysfunction in pregnant mice. On the other hand, MPs exposure significantly decreased placental barrier function and induced placental inflammation. Specifically, MPs treatment significantly reduced the expression of tight junction proteins in placentas, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration and increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in placentas. Finally, we found that MPs induced placental apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the GRP78/IRE1α/JNK axis, leading to placental dysfunction and decreased reproductive performance in pregnant mice. We revealed for the first time that the effects of MPs on placental dysfunction in pregnant animals. Blocking the targets of MPs mediated ER stress will provide potential therapeutic ideas for the toxic effects of MPs on maternal pregnancy.

Ilse Gosens, Jordi Minnema, A. John F. Boere et al.

Abstract Background Physiologically based kinetic models facilitate the safety assessment of inhaled engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). To develop these models, high quality datasets on well-characterized ENMs are needed. However, there are at present, several data gaps in the systemic availability of poorly soluble particles after inhalation. The aim of the present study was therefore to acquire two comparable datasets to parametrize a physiologically-based kinetic model. Method Rats were exposed to cerium dioxide (CeO2, 28.4 ± 10.4 nm) and titanium dioxide (TiO2, 21.6 ± 1.5 nm) ENMs in a single nose-only exposure to 20 mg/m3 or a repeated exposure of 2 × 5 days to 5 mg/m3. Different dose levels were obtained by varying the exposure time for 30 min, 2 or 6 h per day. The content of cerium or titanium in three compartments of the lung (tissue, epithelial lining fluid and freely moving cells), mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney, blood and excreta was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) at various time points post-exposure. As biodistribution is best studied at sub-toxic dose levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, total cell numbers and differential cell counts were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Results Although similar lung deposited doses were obtained for both materials, exposure to CeO2 induced persistent inflammation indicated by neutrophil granulocytes influx and exhibited an increased lung elimination half-time, while exposure to TiO2 did not. The lavaged lung tissue contained the highest metal concentration compared to the lavage fluid and cells in the lavage fluid for both materials. Increased cerium concentrations above control levels in secondary organs such as lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney, urine and faeces were detected, while for titanium this was found in lymph nodes and liver after repeated exposure and in blood and faeces after a single exposure. Conclusion: We have provided insight in the distribution kinetics of these two ENMs based on experimental data and modelling. The study design allows extrapolation at different dose-levels and study durations. Despite equal dose levels of both ENMs, we observed different distribution patterns, that, in part may be explained by subtle differences in biological responses in the lung.

Angela J. T. Bosch, Theresa V. Rohm, Shefaa AlAsfoor et al.

Abstract Background Air pollution has emerged as an unexpected risk factor for diabetes. However, the mechanism behind remains ill-defined. So far, the lung has been considered as the main target organ of air pollution. In contrast, the gut has received little scientific attention. Since air pollution particles can reach the gut after mucociliary clearance from the lungs and through contaminated food, our aim was to assess whether exposure deposition of air pollution particles in the lung or the gut drive metabolic dysfunction in mice. Methods To study the effects of gut versus lung exposure, we exposed mice on standard diet to diesel exhaust particles (DEP; NIST 1650b), particulate matter (PM; NIST 1649b) or phosphate-buffered saline by either intratracheal instillation (30 µg 2 days/week) or gavage (12 µg 5 days/week) over at least 3 months (total dose of 60 µg/week for both administration routes, equivalent to a daily inhalation exposure in humans of 160 µg/m3 PM2.5) and monitored metabolic parameters and tissue changes. Additionally, we tested the impact of the exposure route in a “prestressed” condition (high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)). Results Mice on standard diet exposed to particulate air pollutants by intratracheal instillation developed lung inflammation. While both lung and gut exposure resulted in increased liver lipids, glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion was only observed in mice exposed to particles by gavage. Gavage with DEP created an inflammatory milieu in the gut as shown by up-regulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and monocyte/macrophage markers. In contrast, liver and adipose inflammation markers were not increased. Beta-cell secretory capacity was impaired on a functional level, most likely induced by the inflammatory milieu in the gut, and not due to beta-cell loss. The differential metabolic effects of lung and gut exposures were confirmed in a “prestressed” HFD/STZ model. Conclusions We conclude that separate lung and gut exposures to air pollution particles lead to distinct metabolic outcomes in mice. Both exposure routes elevate liver lipids, while gut exposure to particulate air pollutants specifically impairs beta-cell secretory capacity, potentially instigated by an inflammatory milieu in the gut.

Álvaro Luis Fajardo Zapata, Yuri Lilian González Valencia, Jenny Fabiola Hernández Niño

Introducción: la calidad de vida en el trabajo (CVT) hace referencia a un concepto que abarca el bienestar del individuo al realizar su actividad laboral y que involucra varios aspectos como el ingreso económico, estabilidad, satisfacción laboral, y, además una armonía entre la vida personal y familiar. Objetivo: caracterizar la calidad de vida en el trabajo en el personal académico y administrativo de una universidad pública. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal orientado a caracterizar la calidad de vida en el trabajo de los funcionarios de una universidad pública a través de la aplicación del instrumento para evaluar la calidad de vida en el trabajo CVT-GOHISALO-versión corta, y que consta de 31 preguntas que evalúan siete dimensiones: soporte institucional para el trabajo, seguridad en el trabajo, integración al puesto de trabajo, satisfacción por el trabajo, bienestar logrado a través del trabajo, desarrollo personal del trabajador, y administración del tiempo libre. Resultados: este estudio encontró que los funcionarios de la universidad manifestaron sentirse satisfechos en seis de los siete aspectos valorados. La seguridad en el trabajo mostró una valoración de moderadamente satisfechos. Conclusiones: se hace necesario revisar por parte de la institución factores referidos al tipo de vinculación laboral, el desarrollo personal y los cargos dentro de la institución. Así mismo, se debe examinar la carga laboral de los funcionarios ya que la destinación de parte del tiempo libre para actividades laborales puede afectar su calidad de vida. Introduction: the quality of work life (QWL) refers to a concept that encompasses the well-being of the individual when carrying out their work activity and that involves various aspects such as income, stability, job satisfaction, and a harmony between personal and family life. Objective: to characterize the quality of life at work in the academic and administrative staff of a public university. Materials and methods: descriptive cross-sectional study aimed at characterizing the quality of work life of public university officials through the application of the instrument to assess the quality of life at work QWL-GOHISALO-short version and consisting of 31 questions that evaluate seven dimensions: institutional support for work, job security, job integration, job satisfaction, well-being achieved through work, worker personal development, and free time management. Results: this study found that university officials said they felt satisfied in six of the seven aspects assessed. Safety at work showed an assessment of moderately satisfied. Conclusions: it is necessary to review by the institution factors related to the type of labor relationship, personal development, and positions within the institution. Likewise, the workload of civil servants must be examined since the allocation of part of their free time for work activities can affect their quality of life

Lin Wu, Wen Wen, Xiaofeng Wang et al.

Abstract Background Iron oxide nanoparticles have been approved by food and drug administration for clinical application as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and are considered to be a biocompatible material. Large iron oxide nanoparticles are usually used as transversal (T 2) contrast agents to exhibit dark contrast in MRI. In contrast, ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) (several nanometers) showed remarkable advantage in longitudinal (T 1)-weighted MRI due to the brighten effect. The study of the toxicity mainly focuses on particles with size of tens to hundreds of nanometers, while little is known about the toxicity of USPIONs. Results We fabricated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with diameters of 2.3, 4.2, and 9.3 nm and evaluated their toxicity in mice by intravenous injection. The results indicate that ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles with small size (2.3 and 4.2 nm) were highly toxic and were lethal at a dosage of 100 mg/kg. In contrast, no obvious toxicity was observed for iron oxide nanoparticles with size of 9.3 nm. The toxicity of small nanoparticles (2.3 and 4.2 nm) could be reduced when the total dose was split into 4 doses with each interval for 5 min. To study the toxicology, we synthesized different-sized SiO2 and gold nanoparticles. No significant toxicity was observed for ultrasmall SiO2 and gold nanoparticles in the mice. Hence, the toxicity of the ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoparticles should be attributed to both the iron element and size. In the in vitro experiments, all the ultrasmall nanoparticles (< 5 nm) of Fe3O4, SiO2, and gold induced the generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently, while no obvious ROS was observed in larger nanoparticles groups. However, the ·OH was only detected in Fe3O4 group instead of SiO2 and gold groups. After intravenous injection, significantly elevated ·OH level was observed in heart, serum, and multiple organs. Among these organs, heart showed highest ·OH level due to the high distribution of ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoparticles, leading to the acute cardiac failure and death. Conclusion Ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoparticles (2.3 and 4.2 nm) showed high toxicity in vivo due to the distinctive capability in inducing the generation of ·OH in multiple organs, especially in heart. The toxicity was related to both the iron element and size. These findings provide novel insight into the toxicology of ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and also highlight the need of comprehensive evaluation for their clinic application. Graphical Abstract

Angélica Monsalve Robayo, Nathalia Alejandra Cubillos Forero, Maira Lizeth Peña Duarte et al.

Se reporta la intervención ocupacional realizada durante dos meses y medio en el servicio de Terapia Ocupacional de la IPS Quinta Mutis- Universidad del Rosario en Bogotá, Colombia, con un niño de 3 años y 9 meses de edad, diagnosticado con trastorno del espectro autista. El DSM-5 clasifica este diagnóstico dentro de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo, caracterizado por dificultades en la comunicación, la interacción social, los patrones repetitivos de comportamiento e intereses limitados. La metodología utilizada incluyó la evaluación a través de la entrevista a padres, la aplicación del instrumento propio del servido y de la escala del desarrollo de Merrill Palmer. La intervención se fundamentó en los principios de los enfoques de integración sensorial, adaptación espado temporal y el modelo de habilidades adaptativas; e incluyó actividades lúdicas de carácter motor y sensorial en ambientes estructurados y no estructurados. Se encontraron avances significativos en destrezas de regulación emocional, cognitivas, de comunicación y sociales, que ¡mpactaron en su desempeño familiar y escolar. Se concluye que la intervención dirigida a la modulación sensorial, la autorregulación, el seguimiento de instrucciones, los procesos atencionales y la interacción con pares, es fundamental para lograr avances en el desempeño ocupacional del niño.

Boxuan Liang, Yizhou Zhong, Yuji Huang et al.

Abstract Background Micro- and nanoplastic pollution has become a global environmental problem. Nanoplastics in the environment are still hard to detect because of analysis technology limitations. It is believed that when microplastics are found in the environment, more undetected nanoplastics are around. The current “microplastic exposure” is in fact the mixture of micro- and nanoplastic exposures. Therefore, the biological interaction between organisms among different sizes of micro- and nanoplastics should not be neglected. Results We measured the biodistribution of three polystyrene (PS) particles (50 nm PS, PS50; 500 nm PS, PS500; 5000 nm PS, PS5000) under single and co-exposure conditions in mice. We explored the underlying mechanisms by investigating the effects on three major components of the intestinal barrier (the mucus layer, tight junctions and the epithelial cells) in four intestine segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) of mice. We found that the amounts of both PS500 and PS5000 increased when they were co-exposed with PS50 for 24 h in the mice. These increased amounts were due primarily to the increased permeability in the mouse intestines. We also confirmed there was a combined toxicity of PS50 and PS500 in the mouse intestines. This manifested as the mixture of PS50 and PS500 causing more severe dysfunction of the intestinal barrier than that caused by PS50 or PS500 alone. We found that the combined toxicity of PS micro- and nanoplastics on intestinal barrier dysfunction was caused primarily by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis in the mice. These findings were further confirmed by an oxidants or antioxidants pretreatment study. In addition, the combined toxicity of PS micro- and nanoplastics was also found in the mice after a 28-day repeated dose exposure. Conclusions There is a combined toxicity of PS50 and PS500 in the mouse intestines, which was caused primarily by ROS-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis in the mice. Considering that most recent studies on PS micro- and nanoplastics have been conducted using a single particle size, the health risks of exposure to PS micro- and nanoplastics on organisms may be underestimated.

Ru Ma, Yi Qi, Xinying Zhao et al.

Abstract Background The biosafety concern of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) is rapidly expanding alongside with its mass production and extensive applications. The cardiovascular effects of SiNPs exposure have been gradually confirmed, however, the interaction between SiNPs exposure and atherosclerosis, and the underlying mechanisms still remain unknown. Thereby, this study aimed to explore the effects of SiNPs on the progression of atherosclerosis, and to investigate related mechanisms. Results We firstly investigated the in vivo effects of SiNPs exposure on atherosclerosis via intratracheal instillation of ApoE−/− mice fed a Western diet. Ultrasound microscopy showed a significant increase of pulse wave velocity (PWV) compared to the control group, and the histopathological investigation reflected a greater plaque burden in the aortic root of SiNPs-exposed ApoE−/− mice. Compared to the control group, the serum levels of total triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were elevated after SiNPs exposure. Moreover, intensified macrophage infiltration and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was occurred in plaques after SiNPs exposure, as evidenced by the upregulated CD68 and CHOP expressions. Further in vitro, SiNPs was confirmed to activate ER stress and induce lipid accumulation in mouse macrophage, RAW264.7. Mechanistic analyses showed that 4-PBA (a classic ER stress inhibitor) pretreatment greatly alleviated SiNPs-induced macrophage lipid accumulation, and reversed the elevated CD36 expression induced by SiNPs. Conclusions Our results firstly revealed the acceleratory effect of SiNPs on the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, which was related to lipid accumulation caused by ER stress-mediated upregulation of CD36 expression in macrophage. Graphical abstract

Paulo Emílio Corrêa Leite, Mariana Rodrigues Pereira, Georgina Harris et al.

Abstract Background The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the bottleneck of brain-targeted drug development. Due to their physico-chemical properties, nanoparticles (NP) can cross the BBB and accumulate in different areas of the central nervous system (CNS), thus are potential tools to carry drugs and treat brain disorders. In vitro systems and animal models have demonstrated that some NP types promote neurotoxic effects such as neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS. Thus, risk assessment of the NP is required, but current 2D cell cultures fail to mimic complex in vivo cellular interactions, while animal models do not necessarily reflect human effects due to physiological and species differences. Results We evaluated the suitability of in vitro models that mimic the human CNS physiology, studying the effects of metallic gold NP (AuNP) functionalized with sodium citrate (Au-SC), or polyethylene glycol (Au-PEG), and polymeric polylactic acid NP (PLA-NP). Two different 3D neural models were used (i) human dopaminergic neurons differentiated from the LUHMES cell line (3D LUHMES) and (ii) human iPSC-derived brain spheroids (BrainSpheres). We evaluated NP uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, viability, morphology, secretion of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, and expression of genes related to ROS regulation after 24 and 72 h exposures. NP were efficiently taken up by spheroids, especially when PEGylated and in presence of glia. AuNP, especially PEGylated AuNP, effected mitochondria and anti-oxidative defense. PLA-NP were slightly cytotoxic to 3D LUHMES with no effects to BrainSpheres. Conclusions 3D brain models, both monocellular and multicellular are useful in studying NP neurotoxicity and can help identify how specific cell types of CNS are affected by NP.

Vrilly Andhini

Chairs are an important component in determining comfort while sitting or doing a job with sitting. The aim of the research is to analyze the suitability between the size of the table and chair with anthropometry of the employee’s body. The number of respondents is 20 people. The variables of the study are measure of anthropometry and workstation. This is a descriptive research and using cross sectional approach. The measured variables are body anthropometry such as popliteal height, politeal but, hip width, shoulder height, shoulder width, elbow height. Variable work seats include seat height, seat base, length of seat base, width of seat, high backrest, width of backrest, elbow height. The results show that the dimensions of the workstation that corresponds to the body dimensions of the width of the seat base with the width of the hip the height of the backrest with the height of the sitting shoulder and the length of the elbow rest with the length of the forearm Dimensions that are inconsistent with the anthropometry of the body with the height of the chair with the popliteal height the length of the sitting base with popliteal buttock the width of the backrest with shoulder width the height of the elbow rest with the height of the sitting elbow. Conclusion is work chair is not accordance with anthropometry of employees because only 3 dimensions of work chairs are compatible with employee anthropometry. Keywords: anthropometry, chair, dimensions

Silvia Mayumi Okuma, Ana Flávia Marostegan de Paula, Gabriela Pereira do Carmo et al.

<p>A internação na UTI (Unidade de Terapia Intensiva),  e o processo de adoecimento podem gerar implicações negativas ao sujeito como alterações motoras, cognitivas e na participação nas atividades de vida diária. Muitos pacientes compartilham más experiências vivenciadas durante a internação em UTI (as quais desorganizam o sujeito, identificar as necessidades pode contribuir na elaboração do plano de tratamento adequado às demandas do paciente. Dessa forma,o objetivo do trabalho foi de  caracterizar o perfil desses pacientes atendidos pela Terapia Ocupacional na UTI Adulto. Realizou-se uma pesquisa transversal observacional da qual participaram 37 sujeitos internados na UTI adulto de um hospital público da Zona Leste do município de São Paulo no período de junho a agosto de 2016. Verificou-se que as características mais presentes entre os participantes dos grupos conforme gênero, idade e dias de internação foram:  fraqueza, dor, mobilidade reduzida, limitação no autocuidado, banho e higiene foram os mais presentes entre os participantes. Déficit cognitivo e queixa de memória foram os mais elencados no grupo dos idosos. A internação na UTI e o processo de adoecimento podem gerar implicações negativas ao sujeito como alterações motoras, cognitivas e na participação nas atividades de vida diária. Com base nos resultados identificou-se que os pacientes internados apresentaram fatores que interferem na participação nas atividades de vida diária (autocuidado, banho, higiene, arrumar-se no leito, alimentação e controle de esfíncter), e a atuação da Terapia Ocupacional pode contribuir de forma a minimizar os efeitos deletérios decorrentes da hospitalização</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p align="left">Many patients live bad experiences during their stay in ICU, that disrupt the subject. Identifying the needs of the person can contribute to the elaboration of the treatment plan. Thus, is importante to identify the profile of the patients treated by Occupational Therapy in an Adult Intensive Care Unit. The study consisted of an observational cross-sectional study in which 37 subjects were hospitalized in the adult ICU of a public hospital in the East of the city of São Paulo from June to August 2016. The presence of weakness, pain, reduced mobility, self-care limitation, bathing and hygiene were the most frequent among the participants according to gender, age and days of hospitalization. Cognitive deficit and memory complaints were the most prominent in the elderly group.<strong> </strong>ICU hospitalization and the process of illness may cause negative implications for the subject, such as motor and cognitive impairment and difficulties in activities of daily living. The data made it possible to identify the profile of the patients treated by Occupational Therapy in the adult ICU, which makes it possible to guide the practice itself.</p><p align="left"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Occupational Therapy, Intensive Care Unit, Adult.</p><p align="left"> </p><p align="left"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Muchos pacientes comparten de las malas experiencias vivenciadas durante la internação en UCI, las cuales desorganizan el sujeto. Identificar las necesidades del sujeto puede contribuir en la elaboración del plan de tratamiento adecuado a las demandas del paciente. De esa forma, se resalta la importancia de identificar el perfil de los pacientes atendidos por la Terapia Ocupacional en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos. Se realizó una investigación transversal observacional en que fueron evaluados 37 sujetos ingresados en la UCI de adultos de un hospital público de la Zona Este del municipio de São Paulo en el periodo de junio a agosto de 2016. Se verificó que presencia de flaqueza, dolor, movilidad reducida, limitación en el autocuidado, baño e higiene fueron los más presentes entre los participantes de los grupos según género, edad y días de internação. Déficit cognitivo y queja de memoria fueron los más elencados en el grupo de los ancianos. La internação en la UCI y el proceso de adoecimento pueden generar implicaciones negativas al sujeto como alteraciones motoras, cognitivas y en la participación en las actividades de vida diaria. Los datos posibilitaron identificar el perfil de los pacientes atendidos por la Terapia Ocupacional en la UCI de adultos, lo que posibilita a orientar la práctica.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave: </strong>Terapia Ocupacional, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Adulto.</p>

Tais Quevedo Marcolino

<p>Os aspectos narrativos em terapia ocupacional são valorizados na comunidade profissional, mas há dificuldade para apresentá-los publicamente (relatórios, prontuários, discussão de equipe). Em uma pesquisa-ação voltada para compreender o desenvolvimento profissional e do raciocínio clínico de terapeutas ocupacionais iniciantes, construída em formato de Comunidade de Prática, 18 encontros presenciais foram transcritos e submetidos à análise temática. Uma das subcategorias, "o discurso público em terapia ocupacional", indicou esse tema como um dilema, e a construção de sentidos sobre ele ao longo da pesquisa abarcou (a) escrever a prática de modo narrativo com afastamento da escrita biomédica dos relatórios, (b) a prática profissional como um processo construído na relação entre os sujeitos, (c) o desejo de reconhecimento desse trabalho narrativo pelo mundo biomédico. Investigar a prática pela escrita narrativa e compartilhá-la em um espaço formativo favoreceu a apropriação do raciocínio clínico/profissional e consequente diálogo com equipe. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para melhor compreensão destas características da prática em terapia ocupacional e melhoria da formação inicial e continuada, assim como para disparar questões de pesquisa dessa natureza.</p><span id="docs-internal-guid-0940ee17-1c07-6391-2e78-810c85b0b345"><span><br /></span></span>

Elisa Díaz, Angélica Espinoza, Ana Parada et al.

La investigación tiene como principal objetivo determinar de qué manera influye la motivación durante el juego para la generación de aprendizaje motor de dos niños con parálisis cerebral en un Centro Educacional Integral de la ciudad de Valdivia. Bajo los fundamentos teóricos de la Ciencia de la Ocupación y la Terapia Ocupacional, se pretende identificar cómo la motivación influye en la conducta motora de los niños, favoreciendo o dificultando un aprendizaje motor durante el juego. La metodología utilizada es de carácter cualitativo, siendo su diseño el estudio de casos. Los principales resultados demuestran que para generar una motivación y para que ésta, a su vez, tenga una influencia en la generación de aprendizaje motor en estos niños, se requieren factores externos durante el desarrollo del juego, a saber: tipo de juego –particularmente juego propuesto y juego social– , intereses del niño y factores contextuales, los cuales repercuten en su desempeño ocupacional. Se concluye que el juego otorga herramientas para el aprendizaje motor, existiendo factores determinantes para que este pueda transformarse en una ocupación significativa. La motivación es clave para generar gran influencia en el aprendizaje motor de niños con parálisis cerebral, que impacta positivamente en el desempeño ocupacional, observándose mayor interacción con los pares, involucramiento, conductas motoras adaptativas y aumento de la participación durante el juego.

J. Moriguchi, S. Sakuragi, K. Takeda et al.

Yauk Carole L, Williams Andrew, Thomson Errol M et al.

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Individuals with chronic lung disease are at increased risk of adverse health effects from airborne particulate matter. Characterization of underlying pollutant-phenotype interactions may require comprehensive strategies. Here, a toxicogenomic approach was used to investigate how inflammation modifies the pulmonary response to urban particulate matter.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Transgenic mice with constitutive pulmonary overexpression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α under the control of the surfactant protein C promoter and wildtype littermates (C57BL/6 background) were exposed by inhalation for 4 h to particulate matter (0 or 42 mg/m³EHC-6802) and euthanized 0 or 24 h post-exposure. The low alveolar dose of particles (16 μg) did not provoke an inflammatory response in the lungs of wildtype mice, nor exacerbate the chronic inflammation in TNF animals. Real-time PCR confirmed particle-dependent increases of CYP1A1 (30–100%), endothelin-1 (20–40%), and metallothionein-II (20–40%) mRNA in wildtype and TNF mice (p < 0.05), validating delivery of a biologically-effective dose. Despite detection of striking genotype-related differences, including activation of immune and inflammatory pathways consistent with the TNF-induced pathology, and time-related effects attributable to stress from nose-only exposure, microarray analysis failed to identify effects of the inhaled particles. Remarkably, the presence of chronic inflammation did not measurably amplify the transcriptional response to particulate matter.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data support the hypothesis that health effects of acute exposure to urban particles are dominated by activation of specific physiological response cascades rather than widespread changes in gene expression.</p>