Hasil untuk "History America"

Maira Cristina Córdova

Este artículo aborda los daños ocasionados por la plaga de langostas y el clima adverso en el estado de Oaxaca entre 1880 y 1888. A partir del análisis exhaustivo de todos los comunicados mensuales de los jefes políticos del distrito disponibles en el Archivo General del Estado de Oaxaca, documentos sobre la comisión contra la langosta, un informe de un gobernador y un comisionado, así como periódicos de la época, se analizan las condiciones que favorecieron el surgimiento, desarrollo y permanencia de la langosta por un periodo de ocho años. El trabajo analiza las estrategias que emprendieron las autoridades y la población para erradicar a estos insectos y se explora cómo los efectos del clima y la plaga afectaron el abasto de alimentos en diversos puntos de la entidad, al mismo tiempo que los habitantes experimentaron continuas olas de enfermedades.

Clara Inés Carreño-Tarazona, Giovanni Fernando Amado-Oliveros

Este artículo analiza el tratamiento de la epidemia de la viruela desde el establecimiento de normativas sobre la salubridad pública en el Estado de Boyacá (Colombia) durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Primero se examinan las medidas administrativas para organizar los hospitales e implementar el aislamiento, luego se describen los organismos administrativos establecidos en los distritos del Estado y representados en las Juntas de Sanidad, finalmente se estudian las oficinas y el servicio sanitario de vacunación como mecanismo para controlar el avance de la enfermedad. A partir de la revisión de fuentes documentales oficiales se encontró que el Estado estableció todo un sistema administrativo y regulatorio para afrontar la epidemia.

Marcelo Moraes e Silva, Cyril Polycarpe, Daniele Cristina Carqueijeiro de Medeiros et al.

1913 marked Brazil's admission into the Olympic movement with the country's entry into the IOC. From then on, the country participated in international sports competitions, including the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, before organizing the first regional Latin American Games, in 1922, in Rio de Janeiro, under the Olympic administration. However, Brazil's recognition as an Olympic nation results from elements linked to the advent of organized sporting events, for which the written press has been relaying since the end of the 19th century. More particularly in the idealized representation of the Olympic myth, that of belonging to the world of progress and modernity. This article aims to analyze the messages and discourses established by the Brazilian press, which built an ideal of sports competition to consolidate the emerging Brazilian nation.

María Belén Salceek

Reseña del libro de Leandro Losada, La alta sociedad en la Buenos Aires de la belle époque. Sociabilidad, estilos de vida e identidades. Bernal, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 2021, 390 pp.

Jay C. Bullen, Chaipat Lapinee, Laura A. Miller et al.

Over 50 million people in South Asia are exposed to groundwater contaminated with carcinogenic arsenic(III). Photocatalyst-adsorbent composite materials are popularly developed for removing arsenic in a single-step water treatment. Here, As(III) is oxidised to As(V), which is subsequently removed via adsorption. We previously developed a component additive surface complexation model (CA-SCM) to predict the speciation of arsenic adsorbed onto TiO2/Fe2O3 under different environmental conditions, using surface complexes taken from studies of single-phase minerals. In this work, we critically evaluate this approach, using experimental observations of the surface structures of arsenic adsorbed onto TiO2/Fe2O3. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) indicates significant As(III) surface precipitation, and the possible formation of tridentate 3C complexes. EXAFS was unable to identify As binding modes for TiO2 and Fe2O3 surface complexes simultaneously, highlighting the challenge of analysing composite surfaces. FTIR and zeta potential analysis indicate that As(III)-Fe2O3 surface complexes are protonated at neutral pH, whilst As(III)-TiO2, As(V)-Fe2O3 and As(V)-TiO2 surface complexes are negatively charged. Our study confirms the speciation predicted by CA-SCM, particularly As(III) surface precipitation, but also introduces the possibility of tridentate As(III) at acidic pH. This study highlights how experiment and modelling can be combined to assess surface complexation on composite surfaces.

Rodrigo de Azevedo Weimer

Existe uma sólida tradição historiográfica, desde os anos 1980, sobre pobreza e territorialidade urbanas em Porto Alegre (`PESAVENTO, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2001, 2006; MONTEIRO, 1995; KERSTING, 1998; GERMANO, 1999; MATTOS, 2000; MAUCH, 2004; VIEIRA, 2017; XAVIER; BOHRER, 2018; ROSA, 2019). Ora dando ênfase a recortes de classe, ora aos raciais, esses importantes estudos convergem no sentido de esmiuçar os recursos simbólicos acionados para estigmatizar os subalternos, justificando a sua expulsão para regiões progressivamente distantes. Ainda que não sejam ignoradas pelos autores mencionados, existem dinâmicas econômicas que convém investigar melhor, particularmente os efeitos dos processos inflacionários e de desvalorização cambial que acompanharam os anos finais do Império e iniciais da República, culminando no período conhecido como Encilhamento. Os processos judiciais de despejo revelam-se fontes privilegiadas para abordar tais questões. Sem querer cair em dicotomias que contrapõem o cultural e o econômico, acredita-se haver aspectos ausentes nas explicações até o momento discutidas pela bibliografia.

Draves J, Tekiner H, Yale ES et al.

The term “vital sign” has been assigned to various phenomena with the presumptive intent to emphasize their importance in health care resulting in the emergence of eight vital signs with multiple designations and overlapping terms. This review developed a case definition for vital signs and identified and described the fifth through eighth vital signs. PubMed/Medline, Google and biographical databases were searched using the individual Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, vital sign and fifth, vital sign and sixth, vital sign and seventh, and vital sign eighth. The search was limited to human clinical studies written in English literature from 1957 up until November 30, 2021. Excluded were articles containing the term vital sign if used alone without the qualifier fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth or about temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate. One hundred ninety-six articles (122 for the fifth vital sign, 71 for the sixth vital sign, two for the seventh vital sign, and one for the eighth vital sign) constituted the final dataset. The vital signs consisted of 35 terms, classified into 17 categories compromising 186 unique papers for each primary authored article with redundant numbered vital signs for glucose, weight, body mass index, and medication compliance. Eleven terms have been named the fifth vital sign, 25 the sixth vital sign, three the seventh, and one as the eighth vital sign. There are four time-honored vital signs based on the case definition, and they represent an objective bedside measurement obtained noninvasively that is essential for life. Based on this case definition, pulse oximetry qualifies as the fifth while end-tidal CO2 and cardiac output as the sixth. Thus, these terms have been misappropriated 31 times. Although important to emphasize in patient care, the remainder are not vital signs and should not be construed in this manner.

Laura Caicedo

Ana-Mauríne Lara’s Erzulíe’s Skirt, a contemporary novel set in the Dominican Republic which follows the lives of multiple generations of women, constantly moves between and outside of borders, whether they be geopolitical, temporal, or in narrative form. Just as well, Rita Indiana’s Tentacle, a speculative novel also set in the Dominican Republic, challenges borders through the story of its main protagonist and his struggles with spirits, queerness, and the politics of a dying world. Both novels utilize the environment as a grounding force that provides insight into the respective trials the characters face, both within the scope of the orishas’ continued presence as both spirits and representatives of the land and water which informs much of the narratives, and the spatiotemporal politics of the Dominican Republic. Through the machinations of the spirits who guide the characters in both novels, and the consistent engagement with questions of family, queer lifeworlds, and time, Lara and Indiana demonstrate the interconnectedness of borders, environments, and time to varying ends. By providing narratives which begin to map out worlds beyond death, be they ends or beginnings, the authors contend with the violences of the past in ways that point to the potentialities of the future. What these futures look like, as Tentacle and Erzulie’s Skirt tell us, ultimately rely on the limitations or unboundedness of our imaginations.

Nacional de Colombia, Diseño Y Desarrollo, DE UN Prototipo et al.

Riccardo Badini

Mario Rufer

Henry M. Sheffer, C. Lewis

R. Bauer, I. Pool, L. Dexter

Frank Russell, Bernard L. Fontana

J. Deasey, F. Kaplan

J. Modell, F. Furstenberg, Theodore Hershberg

R. Remini, Francis Paul Prucha

The Great Father was widely praised when it appeared in two volumes in 1984 and was awarded the Ray Allen Billington Prize by the Organization of American Historians. This abridged one-volume edition follows the structure of the two-volume edition, eliminating only the footnotes and some of the detail. It is a comprehensive history of the relations between the U.S. government and the Indians. Covering the two centuries from the Revolutionary War to 1980, the book traces the development of American Indian policy and the growth of the bureaucracy created to implement that policy.

Chrystelle Fortineau-Brémond, Gabrielle Le Tallec-Lloret, Élodie Blestel

The motto chosen by the Spanish Real Academy (Real Academia Española, RAE) since 1715, « limpia, fija y da splendor », unequivocally shows what has been a long term concern for the last three centuries: set the standard and promote a given language. Having long favoured the cultivated Spanish model from the Northern and Central Peninsula —at the expense of the Southern peninsular practices and especially the American ones—, the RAE has chosen since 1999 to implement a real ideological watershed by engaging in collective work with the other 21 academies of the Spanish language in order to promote a « polycentric norm », as part of a « panhispanic language policy ». Even if the intention seems laudable, what about the achievement of this goal? Can the latest publications, in particular the imposing Nueva Gramática de la Lengua Española [NGLE], be read as the implementation of the rhetoric that the RAE keeps hammering in its prologues? After presenting the panhispanic discourse by situating it in a broader context, we will set it against the reality of grammatical analyzes in the NGLE by focusing on two particularly significant phenomena, where the gap between American and European practices slightly widens: the « sequence of tenses » and the « compound tenses », with the particular example of the pluperfect.

Rick Altman

Judite A. Gonçalves de Freitas

A study of court administrative and financial management in Late Mediaeval Portugal requires the compiling, comparison and analysis of different types of sources aimed at achieving a fuller understanding of the financial management conducted by royal officials. This study offers a historiographic overview of the research done so far on the subject of royal finances and the mediaeval Portuguese sources for the study of the court’s fiscal administration. At the same time it describes and classifies the principal archive sources for the study of the court’s financial organisation, highlighting the essential features and the degree of reliability of the various different types of historical sources. This analysis can provide a basis for comparison with the fiscal records of other Western kingdoms in the Late Middle Ages.