Hasil untuk "Folklore"

Sanita Reinsone, Ilze Ļaksa-Timinska, Haralds Matulis et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic, declared a global crisis by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020, dramatically altered society’s daily routines, social interactions, and digital media consumption. This paper aims to evaluate how leveraging crowdsourcing techniques in combination with digital archiving strategies can effectively capture real-time autobiographical reflections during a period of crisis. The study focuses on the formation of the Latvian Pandemic Diary Collection, initiated through an open-call crowdsourcing initiative that was launched on 17 March 2020 to collect people’s recordings of their personal thoughts and emotional responses in this period of profound change and uncertainty. Methodologically, the project employed a versatile rapid-response crowdsourcing framework and dynamic digital archiving strategy, coupled with an intense outreach and social media campaign to encourage diary submissions.  The diary project has resulted in an open-access digital collection of 2,333 daily entries by 238 participants, offering unique insights into the societal shift towards digital modes of professional, social, and educational interaction in response to the pandemic’s constraints. Although the methodology applied proved effective in eliciting relatively widespread public engagement, difficulties became apparent in relation to the scalability of the approach and getting different segments of society to participate in the project through the crowdsourced-driven digital collection of autobiographical narratives in a rapidly changing social context.

Dagmar Kutsar

Understanding the child and childhood depends on the content attached to these concepts. Different images have prevailed in different times and they reflect in modern understandings of children. Drawing on Philippe Ariès’ seminal work, Centuries of Childhood, the paper offers a glimpse of images of children through time. History has portrayed the vulnerable, fragile child who needs protection and the immature child who needs to be educated and disciplined. Both images are represented in adults’ and children’s perceptions of today’s children. These perceptions in turn influence the way adults treat children. For example, a parent who sees the child as vulnerable and fragile may be overprotective and limit the child’s autonomous behaviour; another parent may not be able to negotiate with the child and may be easily punitive in situations where the child makes mistakes. According to children, they do not misbehave deliberately, but because they are immature and lack knowledge and experience. Understandably, they also agree with the image of a vulnerable child – in some situations they need to feel safe and protected. With the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child by the UN General Assembly in 1989 and its ratification by state governments, the image of the socially competent child began to develop vigorously. The current article focuses on the competent image of the child, according to which a child is an active social agent and socially competent according to age to evaluate his or her lived life. The paper recalls keynotes of Ivar Frønes and Asher Ben-Arieh at international children’s well-being conference which was held in Tartu in 2019. According to them, while an adult thinks about life lived today, and thinking about tomorrow is the quest to “think out of the box”, a child has to live life forward each day, i.e., find solutions here and now, harnessing their innovative energy; for example, when confronted with new situations that require new solutions, or when interpreting and reproducing knowledge individually and collectively, shaping the world in which they live and, last but not least, bringing about change around them, e.g., contributing to the parent’s growth into parenthood. The challenge of modern childhood is to understand social processes in a forward-looking way, focusing not on future adulthood but on the here-and-now of childhood. Children use their innovative energy in everyday interactions and play, which is an important part of their lives. In a broad sense, play is action, it is practice of living, including the development of new skills and self-socialisation. There is plenty of innovative energy in children in their free play. In conclusion, it has to be said that, as society develops more rapidly, innovative energy and thinking are increasingly becoming a challenge for adults too. The article is based on the introductory presentation of the winter conference of folklorists, “Playing and Playfulness in Folklore”, held in Kuremaa Castle on 2–3 March 2023.

Saefu Zaman, Reza Amarta Prayoga, Bayu Permana Sukma et al.

This research focuses on the process of political elite capture which is associated with the current political context and the dialogic space that occurs in the narrative text of the folklore Asal Usul Raja Negeri Jambi (AURNJ) [The Origins of the King of Jambi]. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data were obtained from the recording and documentation of Jambi folklore 2: Asal Usul Raja Negeri Jambi (AURNJ) by Kaslani (1997). The results of the analysis produce several conclusions. First, there are symptoms of the political phenomenon of elite capture of village elders in perpetuating their power in the election of the King of Jambi. Second, this phenomenon also fostered the practice of dynastic familism. In the belief of village elders, the king must be chosen from their lineage, meaning that people in their circle are worthy to be king. Third, the deadlock in finding a leader figure was experienced by village elitist elders in the political contestation of the election of the king. This stalemate then awakened the elite village elders to open equal participatory dialogue spaces. This is nothing but to open up opportunities for candidates for kingship outside their circle of power. Fourth, the paradox of elite capture political dynamics in AURNJ's story describes a situation similar to contemporary political phenomena, namely the thirst for power and building political dynasties for personal and group interests as a security strategy and perpetuation of the arena of exposure to power.

Daniel MOCANU

In the complex landscape of contemporary Romanian religious music, the last decades have been marked by a phenomenon of crystallization and diffusion of a new musical genre, with deep roots in the popular music tradition. This genre, defined by specific structural, thematic and functional characteristics, has succeeded in imposing itself within the Koinonikon liturgical ritual, in some cases replacing the traditional musical repertoire of the period. Initially, Christian ceremonial folk songs were associated with certain liturgical feasts dedicated to the Virgin Mary, fulfilling an occasional function of marking important moments in the church calendar. Through oral transmission and adaptation to the religious context, these songs entered the collective consciousness and became an integral part of the religious practices of rural communities during pilgrimages. Over time, under the influence of socio-cultural and religious factors, Christian ceremonial folk songs underwent a revalorization and an expansion of their original functions. They have thus gone beyond the strict liturgical ritual of pilgrimages and have been integrated into various forms of cultural and religious expression, such as folksong festivals or religious events: camps, competitions. An emblematic case in this respect are the pilgrimage songs, especially those associated with the Nicula Monastery. These songs, originally intended to accompany pilgrimages to the monastery, have spread nationwide, becoming a symbol of Romanian religious and cultural identity for the musical genre of Christian ceremonial folk songs.

Óscar Abenójar Sanjuán, Alfonso Boix Jovaní

Presentación del monográfico sobre Épica, folklore y literatura comparada: nuevas perspectivas.

Maria Skeppstedt, Rickard Domeij, Fredrik Skott

A topic modelling tool was adapted to requirements for a collection of Swedish folk legends. To offer an overview of a list of folk legend texts, which had been automatically extracted by the topic modelling tool, snippet text versions of the folk legends were displayed. The snippets were constructed from the full-text versions of the legends using the sentences most relevant to the topics extracted by the topic modelling algorithm. In addition, collection-adapted data was constructed for performing a pre-processing of the folk legend texts, before they were submitted to the topic modelling algorithm. This data consisted of a collection-adapted stop word list and word lists for improving the quality of clusters of semantically similar words.

Ida Ayu Laksmita Sari

This article discusses one of the Japanese mythological creatures in the youkai category, the kappa which is believed to be river guardians. Data is taken from the anthology of Japanese folklore Mangga Nippon Mukashi Banashi 101 edited by Sayumi Kawauchi. Folklore used as the object of research are two titles that were chosen selectively which are "Kasa Uri Ohana" (Ohana the Umbrella Seller) and "Kappa no Amagoi " (Rain Calling Prayer from Kappa). Data were analyzed with Peirce's semiotic trichotomy theory, namely icons, indices and symbols, and literary anthropological theory. This article concluded three things related to the form of a kappa, where they are believed to be present and the status of kappa in the Japanese belief system. Kappa in Japanese mythology resembles a frog's shape but has scales and has a weakness in its skull. Kappa is believed to live in rivers in Japan. Kappa is present and has a special place in Japanese society's trust, evidenced by the existence of kappa temples. Unlike other Japanese youkai, the kappa is believed that before the form of the kappa he was a god whose rank was demoted, therefore it was believed that he could be begged for rain. The existence of kappa, thus, not only has negative attributes but also positive ones.   Abstrak Artikel ini mengkaji sosok kappa, salah satu makhluk mitologis dan gaib Jepang yang masuk kategori youkai (hantu) dan dipercaya sebagai makhluk penjaga sungai. Data diambil dari antologi cerita rakyat Jepang Mangga Nippon Mukashi Banashi 101 dengan editor Sayumi Kawauchi. Cerita rakyat yang digunakan sebagai objek penelitian ada dua judul yang dipilih secara selektif, yaitu “Kasa Uri Ohana” (Ohana si Penjual Payung) dan “Kappa no Amagoi” (‘Doa Pemanggil Hujan dari Kappa). Data dianalisis dengan teori trikotomi semiotika Peirce, yaitu ikon, indeks, dan simbol, serta teori antropologi sastra. Artikel ini menyimpulkan tiga hal, yaitu wujud kappa, tempat mereka dipercaya hadir, dan eksistensi kappa dalam sistem kepercayaan Jepang. Kappa dalam mitologi Jepang menyerupai wujud katak, tetapi bersisik dan memiliki kelemahan di tempurung kepalanya. Makhluk gaib ini dipercaya tinggal dan sekaligus menjadi penjaga sungai-sungai di Jepang. Kappa hadir dan memiliki tempat yang khusus dalam kepercayaan masyarakat Jepang, yang dibuktikan dengan terdapatnya kuil kappa. Tidak seperti youkai Jepang lainnya, kappa dipercaya bahwa sebelum berwujud kappa dia adalah dewa yang derajatnya diturunkan. Oleh karena itu, kappa diyakini bisa dimohon untuk mendatangkan hujan. Dengan demikian, eksistensi kappa tidak saja memiliki atribut negatif, tetapi juga positif.

Laura Flöter

Ob Babadook, Sandmann oder Boogeyman: Kinderschreckfiguren gehören längst zum Motivfundus phantastischen Erzählens und sind so zum Forschungsobjekt der Geisteswissenschaften geworden. Eigentlich aber haben sie ihren angestammten Platz in einer ganz anderen Disziplin: Der Kinderschreck gehört ursprünglich ins Reich der Pädagogik. Ursprünglich Figuren aus der regionalen Folklore oder Entitäten allgemeinen Spuk- und Dämonenglaubens, entdeckte im Grunde erst die Schwarze Pädagogik die Macht, welche die geschickte Ansprache kindlicher Vorstellungen und Ängste dem Erziehenden über seinen Zögling gab – die Kinderschreckfigur ist deren zynische Verkörperung: Erst das sogenannte magische Denken, das Kinder in einer umschreibbaren Entwicklungsphase zeigen (und das sich ironischerweise als Vorstufe des genuin rationalen Denken verstehen lässt), erlaubt, das Phantastische zum Mittel von Erziehung zu machen. Dieser Vortrag beschäftigt sich mit der Entstehungsgeschichte dieser besonderen Erscheinungsform des Phantastischen, mit seinem Ursprung und den gesellschaftlichen, sozialen und pädagogischen Mechanismen, welche es in Schreckensgestalt bekleidet – und die ihre Inszenierung in Film, Literatur oder bildender Kunst motivieren. Dazu gehört schließlich auch die Frage nach dem „Realitäts-Status“ der Kinderschreckfigur – einem Geschöpf zwischen (phantastischer) kindlicher Einbildung und (reeller) erwachsener Machtausübung.

Khalim M. Abdullin

The analysis of cartographic sources of the 18th century specifies and supplements ideas of scientists of the spatial structure of quarters in general and separate details of planning in particular. In the Tatar settlement of Kazan of the middle of the 18th century, there were serious processes related to eviction of a part on the new territory and filling of the freed territories with new architectural and planning sites. As a result, the Tatar Quarter structure, which hardly changed in the 16th–17th centuries, underwent significant changes. Examination of these changes as concerning all settlement, and some of its interesting details is given in this article. The historical analysis of changes is comp¬lemented with modern geoinformation methods. Data on the specifics of the Old Tatar, New Tatar and New Epiphany quarters, old and new cemeteries of the Tatar settlement have been outlined, information on brick production in the territory of the Tatar Quarter during the specified period is given.

Marcelo Campagno

La contienda entre Horus y Seth (Papiro Chester Beatty I) y La disputa de Verdad y Mentira (Papiro Chester Beatty II) –dos de los textos más significativos de la literatura egipcia del Reino Nuevo– presentan un destacado conjunto de caracterí­sticas comunes. Aquí­ se considerarán dos cuestiones relacionadas con esa notable proximidad entre tales textos. Por un lado, el similar argumento básico de ambos textos, que parece apuntar a dos “realizaciones” literarias de un mismo mito de base. Por el otro lado, un elemento especí­fico del contenido de ambos textos, la búsqueda de soluciones judiciales para los conflictos entre los principales protagonistas, que puede conectarse con la importancia de las “lógicas” del parentesco y del Estado tanto en la organización interna de estos textos como en la estructuración social del Antiguo Egipto. Tales consideraciones se apartan de las tradicionales formas evhemeristas de interpretar los textos literarios como reflejos de acontecimientos de un pasado lejano y destacan la posibilidad de evaluar las prácticas sociales a las que esos relatos refieren. Y hay algo más: por la ví­a del contraste con ciertos relatos del folklore egipcio moderno, se abre una ví­a de sospecha acerca de otra dimensión histórica de amplia escala, que apunta a continuidades en los imaginarios sociales, que asoman incluso más persistentes que el propio dispositivo religioso al que remiten los dos textos antiguos.

Monika Kropej Telban

Aušra Žičkienė

Галина Кутырёва-Чубаля, Белорусский жнивный напев: архетипы, инновации, диалекты, Bielsko-Biała: Wydawnictwo Akademii Techniczno-Humanistycznej, 2009, 264 ss.   Review Tracing the Footsteps of the Baltic and Slavic History: Lancing at the Melodies of the Belorussian Harvest Songs The book review: Кутырева-Чубаля, Г. (2009). Белорусский жнивный напев: архетипы, инновации, диалекты. Bielsko-Biała: Wydawnictwo Akademii Techniczno-Humanistycznej. The rewiev contains the critical, polemical analysis of the objective content of the book. In the rewiever‘s conclusion, the investigation made by author seems to be on the level of the scientific discovery, however, the book did not reach more readers probably because of some vexatious pecularities of its form and unfavourable circumstances.   Recenzja Śladami historii Bałtów i Słowian: spojrzenie na melodie białoruskich pieśni żniwnych Recenzja książki Galiny Kutyriowej-Czubali Белорусский жнивный напев: архетипы, инновации, диалекты. Bielsko-Biała: Wydawnictwo Akademii Techniczno-Humani­stycznej, 2009. Recenzja stanowi krytyczno-polemiczną analizę części merytorycznej książki. Autorka recenzji przekonuje, że pracę tę można uznać za prawdziwe odkrycie naukowe, jednak z powodu przyjętych w niej rozwiązań formalnych oraz niesprzy­jających okoliczności nie trafiła ona do szerszego grona odbiorców.

Luiz Carlos da Silva Flores, Josildete Pereira de Oliveira

Jaqueline Freitas Vilain, Paula de Souza, Rogério João Lunkes

A missão organizacional é a principal proposta da empresa, pois demonstra para que ela serve, a justificativa de sua existência para a sociedade e a função social que ela exerce. A declaração de missão representa uma potencial ferramenta para a formulação e a implementação da estratégia de uma organização. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar os principais elementos presentes nas missões das empresas hoteleiras brasileiras associadas à Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Hotéis (ABIH). Efetuou-se um estudo de cunho descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e análise de conteúdo. A relação dos hotéis investigados foi extraída do website da ABIH, totalizando 2056 empresas hoteleiras. A amostra foi composta por 243 hotéis que divulgaram nele sua missão. Estabeleceu-se o modelo de Pearce II (1982) como indexador de missão efetiva. Os resultados indicam que nenhuma empresa da amostra possui uma missão efetiva, isto é, os hotéis brasileiros fazem a missão por adaptação à sua estrutura ou influência do setor em que estão inseridos. Os indicativos apontam que as empresas pesquisadas utilizam a missão mais como instrumento de propaganda do que de gestão estratégica. Palavras-chave: Missão organizacional. Elementos. Hotéis.

Aşkın YAŞAR, Çağrı Çağlar SİNMEZ

As one of animals to which are approached with great sympathy by Turkishpeople, Kangal dogs are among the animals accepted sacred in Turkish folklore.Kangals as shepherd dogs were brought into Anatolia along with herds owned byOghuz clans the traditional livelihood of which depends on sheep herds. Being theoldest and most common race of natural shepherd dog, Turkish shepherd dog,Kangal, has survived with all characteristics of it mostly thanks to the matchlessprotection of local people of the town Kangal.Throughout the study, the main objective is to determine the folkloricknowledge related with Kangal raising within folklore of Sivas and to make somecontribution to Turkish world of culture.The research material has consisted of folkloric knowledge obtained between9th April-10th July, 2012 with “information review forms” applied to peopleassociated with folkloric veterinary medicine and animal husbandry in Sivas (e.g.medicine practitioners, animal owners, other resource persons, etc.)In the study, it has been determined that raisers in Sivas folklore classify theKangals according to general racial characteristics, color of their pelt and tails ofthem. They are grouped as “kurtçul”, “saf”, “kırma”; and “alası-boz”, “karayaka”,“sarı yaka”, “boz yaka”, “kıllı”, “kırçıl”; and “kılıç kuyruk”, “kuyruğu eğri”, “kıvrakkuyruk”, based on racial characteristics, color of pelt and tails respectively. Also, ithas been gathered significant data on diseases and treatments on Kangals, generalracial standards (structure of the body, head and skull, etc.), care and nutrition,estrus, delivery information, wolf choking incident, ear cut, stories, beliefs andidioms.Consequently, it can be suggested that one of reasons why Kangals havemanaged to keep its generation must be original stories and beliefs in Sivas, whichcover the Kangal`s wolf choke, intelligence, courage and loyalty; that lack ofknowledge and mistakes in folkloric veterinary medicine and breeding applicationsbe eliminated in animal rights and welfare terms.

Josildete Pereira de Oliveira, Luiz Carlos da Silva Flores

Catherine E. Ulbricht, E. Seamon, Regina C. Windsor et al.

Andrea Kitta

S. Echegoyen, E. Acuña, C. Rodríguez

Catherine E. Ulbricht, E. Basch, Dilys Burke et al.