Hasil untuk "Environmental law"

Shameek Konar, Mark A. Cohen

C. Bethke

An indispensable primer and reference textbook, the third edition of Geochemical and Biogeochemical Reaction Modeling carries the reader from the field's origins and theoretical underpinnings through to a collection of fully worked examples. A clear exposition of the underlying equations and calculation techniques is balanced by real-world example calculations. The book depicts geochemical reaction modeling as a vibrant field of study applicable to a wide spectrum of issues of scientific, practical, and societal concern. The new edition offers a thorough description of surface complexation modeling, including two- and three-layer methods; broader treatment of kinetic rate laws; the effect of stagnant zones on transport; and techniques for determining gas partial pressures. This handbook demystifies and makes broadly accessible an elegant technique for portraying chemical processes in the geosphere. It will again prove to be invaluable for geochemists, environmental scientists and engineers, aqueous and surface chemists, microbiologists, university teachers, and government regulators.

Bader Obaid Alshammari, Umi Asma' Mokhtar, Nazura Binti Abdul Manap

One of the major challenges faced by today’s society and institutions is corruption and this brought the need and demand for Enterprise Content Management Systems (ECMS) as a tool for enhancing transparency and accountability, in the face of challenges relating to its implementation. In this study, a comprehensive ECMS adoption model is proposed and validated amid anti-corruption efforts, based the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The development of the model involved an extensive systematic review of literature and the empirical testing of data culled from 395 Saudi employees working in the public financial sector of Saudi Arabia. Hypothesized relationships were tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS based on technological, organizational and environmental dimensions, under which system quality, information quality, service quality, AI tools integration and compatibility, top management support, training, change management and facilitating conditions, policy, security law and legislations and social influence were categorized respectively. Based on the obtained findings, the above factors had a significant influence over ECMS adoption intention, supporting their contribution to anti-corruption initiatives. The main contribution of this research is the validation of an ECMS adoption model, within which critical drivers throughout three dimensions are integrated in a strategic manner involving stakeholder collaboration, effective change management and ongoing evaluation. Moreover, the study contributes to both theory and practice, considering organizations attempting to adopt ECMS to support anti-corruption efforts, and by so doing, stressing user engagement, system integration, and institutional commitment for the system’s implementation success.

Tin Vo Trung

The EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) is considered a historic milestone in the bilateral relationship, particularly in environmental protection. As part of the global trend toward sustainable development, Vietnam must comply with strict environmental regulations under the EVFTA. To honor these commitments, Vietnam is required to reform and enhance its environmental legal frameworks to align with international standards. However, challenges such as gaps between Vietnamese laws and the EVFTA requirements, weak enforcement and balancing economic growth with environmental protection make this challenging. This article critically examines the environmental provisions under the EVFTA, their impact on the Vietnamese environmental legal framework, particularly concerning climate change, and the opportunities and challenges that Vietnam faces in meeting these obligations.

Ahmed M. F. Abd-Elsalam, Sara Binay

The Islamic environmental theology (IET) that emerged in the 20th century is analyzed and two main strands are pursued: the efforts to protect the environment derived from the thinking of some Muslim scholars and activists in Europe and North America, and the discourse of Muslim theologians in Arab countries such as Egypt and Jordan that developed in the face of environmental destruction and associated problems in the societies concerned. The topic of water, i.e., the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of clean water and access to sanitation, played a particularly important initial role in the discourse in Arab countries. Jordan, for example, is one of the most water-scarce countries in the world and, since 2010, various fatwas have been seen, such as expert opinions from the General Iftaa’ Department, the state authority for Islamic jurisprudence in Jordan, on the use of water. The discourse of Muslim jurists on the Sustainable Development Goals in general has developed from this. At the same time, it is obvious that the normative theology in Arab countries is more reactive than progressive concerning the challenges of climate change. This article comes to the conclusion that Islamic theology, even if it starts from the same resources of tradition, comes to form different discourses depending on the regional context. This study will show how institutions of Islamic law respond to climate change and what flexibility is inherent in Islamic theology to meet these challenges.

Itzhak Ben-David, Yeejin Jang, S. Kleimeier et al.

Despite widespread awareness of the detrimental impact of CO2 pollution on the world climate, countries vary widely in how they design and enforce environmental laws. Using novel microdata about multinational firms' CO2 emissions across countries, we document that firms headquartered in countries with strict environmental policies perform their polluting activities abroad in countries with relatively weaker policies. These effects are largely driven by tightened environmental policies in home countries that incentivize firms to pollute abroad rather than lenient foreign policies that attract those firms. Although firms headquartered in countries with strict domestic environmental policies are more likely to export pollution to foreign countries, they nevertheless emit somewhat less overall CO2 globally.

Paul Atagamen Aidonojie

In Edo State, taxation is a primary revenue-generating tool often used to finance most public projects. It is apt to state that most individuals residing in Edo State are into small, medium, and large-scale businesses. However, business owners in Edo State often evade and avoid tax payments for the following reasons; taxes leveled on citizens or companies are numerous, excessive tax rates, and others. Given this, several taxpayers in Edo State have not been able to remit tax due for several years and without the hope of remitting the same. It is concerning that this study tends to adopt a hybrid research methodology in exploring the process of localizing the Voluntary Assets and Income Declaration Scheme (VAIDS) policy. In order to curb tax evasion and avoidance and generate more revenue in Edo State. The study, therefore, found that there is a high level of tax evasion and avoidance and that localizing the VAIDS policy will help curtail incidences of tax evasion and avoidance. It was, therefore, recommended and concluded that localizing the voluntary asset and income declaration scheme in Edo State will be an appropriate tax tool for curbing tax evasion and avoidance and improving internally generated revenue.

Harrys Bangkit Tanodo

Permits are a legal instrument the government uses to control certain activities. The existence of warehouses in the City of Bandar Lampung that do not yet have permits has resulted in problems with public order and peace. This research will discuss the arrangement of warehousing permits in Bandar Lampung and the implications of issuing warehousing permits for public order and peace. This research uses a normative method by examining Government Regulation Number 29 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Trade Sector and an empirical approach using the case study method with a qualitative approach and determining informants based on purposive sampling. The findings obtained in this study were that initially, the warehouse owned by PT YHB (Limited Liability Company Yonatama Harry Bersaudara) did not have a permit. Still, after receiving protests from people who felt disturbed, the warehouse only had a permit. In fact, before the warehouse was used, it should have had a permit. The issuance of the warehouse permit, this justifies the warehouse owner's non-compliance with the licensing regulations. The positive impact on the community is the creation of jobs and an increase in the community's economy and local revenue for the City of Bandar Lampung. In contrast, the negative impact is noise, hampered mobility and damage to roads that disturb the community and changes in regional spatial planning.

М. Моshkal, Е. Akhapov, A. Ogihara

Sustainable development is a global issue aimed at solving environmental problems such as climate change caused by poor waste management. Although the problem affects all communities and countries, its effects differ depending on the management strategies. The study’s primary purpose was to investigate the impact of environmental awareness and education to solve waste problems. It is significant since it provides detailed information that might be used to develop environmental strategies to contain the menace. The authors approached the investigation using a systematic literature review, which involved gathering and synthesizing information about the research title and concluding based on insights gained. The results indicate that Japan has a long history of protecting the environment through various initiatives, such as law enactment and incorporating environmental education into the school curriculum. Although Japanese culture encourages individuals, organizations, and communities to respect the environment, the government should introduce robust measures, such as subsidizing recycling to encourage waste reduction. The findings are significant since the information is useful to integrate appropriate environmental programs in domestic schools to encourage innovation and ensure everyone makes waste management a personal responsibility. 

Eva Niesten, A. Jolink, Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour et al.

Le Thi Thao, Nguyen Thi Trien

Fairness is a fundamental principle in the design of optimal tax systems. This concept of equity in taxation emerges from two primary viewpoints: the benefits principle, which relates to the services and advantages taxpayers receive from society, and the ability-to-pay principle, which focuses on taxpayers' income levels. Echoing economist Adam Smith's views, taxes are pivotal to the stability of economic institutions, and lack of transparency can lead to economic disturbances. This paper explores the evolution of tax law in Vietnam, examining how fairness has been addressed in aspects such as tax obligations, exemptions, administration, and accountability. Through an analysis of the historical development of these elements, the paper proposes solutions to enhance the fairness of the Vietnamese tax legal framework, considering the economic, social, and political context of the country across different stages of its development.

Yongcheng Ji, Hongrui Zhang

Abstract In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by construction waste, one typical waste of red bricks was selected as raw material in recycled concrete. This study presented recycled concrete by substituting some natural aggregates with treated red brick aggregates to study and analyze the degradation law mechanism of recycled brick aggregates concrete in the cold region. A total of fifteen categories of specimens and three experimental parameters were considered, which included numbers of freeze–thaw cycles (0, 50, and 100), steel fiber admixtures (0, 1, and 2%), and brick aggregate substitution rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%), respectively. The quick freeze–thaw test method was selected to investigate recycled concrete's degradation mass loss rate and relative dynamic elastic modulus under various freeze–thaw cycles. The digital microscope and SEM were used to observe the internal microstructural changes in the specimens under different freeze–thaw times. In addition, the specimens’ microscopic damage morphology and damage mechanism were analyzed. Finally, the flexural strength of the frost-damaged specimens was tested to analyze the mechanical deterioration of the recycled concrete, and the numerical model corresponding to steel fiber dosing and recycled aggregate replacement rate was presented. The gray correlation analysis was used to quantify the influence of each experimental variable on the corresponding experimental indexes under various freeze–thaw cycles. Results showed that the specimen's mass decreased after freeze–thaw cycles, and the highest mass loss was found for the specimens with 50 and 75% brick substitution rates. In addition, the specimens showed the best relative dynamic modulus and the maximum flexural strength when the steel fiber doping was 1%. The numerical model agreed with experimental data and effectively predicted the specimens' mass loss rate, relative dynamic modulus, and flexural strength after freeze–thaw cycles. The gray correlation analysis showed that the steel fiber contents had a maximum correlation with the flexural strength, the brick substitution rates for the relative dynamic modulus, and mass loss controls the freeze–thaw cycles.

Serban C. Musca, Anthony Chemero

The inconsistent relation between word frequency and free recall performance (sometimes a positive one, sometimes a negative one, and sometimes no relation) and the non-monotonic relation found between the two cannot all be explained by current theories. We propose a theoretical framework that can explain all extant results. Based on an ecological psychology analysis of the free recall situation in terms of environmental and informational resources available to the participants, we propose that because participants’ cognitive system has been shaped by their native language, free recall performance is best understood as the end result of relational properties that preexist the experimental situation and of the way the words from the experimental list interact with those. In addition to this, we borrow from predictive coding theory the idea that the brain constantly predicts “what is coming next” so that it is mainly prediction errors that will propagate information forward. Our ecological psychology analysis indicates there will be “prediction errors” because the word frequency distribution in an experimental word list is inevitably different from the particular Zipf’s law distribution of the words in the language that shaped participants’ brains. We further propose the particular distributional discrepancies inherent to a given word list will trigger, as a function of the words that are included in the list, their order, and of the words that are absent from the list, a surprisal signal in the brain, something that is isomorphic to the concept of Bayesian surprise. The precise moment when Bayesian surprise is triggered will determine to what word of the list that Bayesian surprise will be associated with, and the word the Bayesian surprise will be associated with will benefit from it and become more memorable as a direct function of the magnitude of the surprisal. Two experiments are presented that show a proxy of Bayesian surprise explains the free recall performance and that no effect of word frequency is found above and beyond the effect of that proxy variable. We then discuss how our view can account for all data extant in the literature on the effect of word frequency on free recall.

Maria A. Egorova

The purpose of the study is to generalize the practice of legislative regulation of green public procurement in the countries of the European Union with the prospect of its application in the legal conditions of Russia. The article formulates the legal content of “green” (sustainable) public procurement. It is substantiated that green public procurement will contribute to solving environmental problems, stimulating the subjects of innovative and environmental entrepreneurship to actively support the climate agenda. The study reveals the obstacles that hinder broader engagement of the Russian contract law to raise efficiency of green public procurement in Russia. Conclusions concern normative regulation considering environmental criteria for identifying green public procurement and developing regulations for this type of procurement based on the experience of the world leaders. Normative and legal regulation of “green” procurement is necessary not only for companies, but also for the state, as it reflects national strategic priorities in the field of environmental protection, which is in line with the UN global goals of sustainable development.

Herlin Noviyanti, Yetniwati Yetniwati

Geographical Indication is a sign indicating the area of ​​origin of an item and/or product which due to geographical environmental factors including natural factors, human factors or a combination of these two factors gives a certain reputation, quality, and characteristics to the goods and/or products produced. Indonesia has a lot of potential Geographical Indications. However, the problem that currently occurs is that of the many potential Geographical Indications owned by Indonesia, only very few Geographical Indications are registered. Based on the problems above, the writing draws two formulations of the problem as follows: First, how is the application of the principle of legal certainty in the regulation of registration of geographical indications? Second, how is the mechanism for registering ghis thesis uses a normative juridical research method with legal issues of legal issues of obscurity of norms. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze how the registration of geographical indications is in the perspective of the law on trademarks and geographical indicatieographical indications in accordance with the laws and regulations? The writing of tons, as well as to find out and analyze how the registration of geographical indications is . and using a research approach, namely a case approach, a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that the application and registration of Geographical Indications contains certain conditions that must be met. Abstrak Indikasi Geografis adalah suatu tanda yang menunjukkan daerah asal suatu barang dan/atau produk yang karena faktor lingkungan geografis termasuk faktor alam, faktor manusia atau kombinasi dari kedua faktor tersebut memberikan reputasi, kualitas, dan karakteristik tertentu pada barang dan/atau produk yang dihasilkan. Indonesia memiliki banyak sekali potensi Indikasi Geografis. Namun persoalan yang saat ini terjadi, dari sekian banyak potensi Indikasi Geografis yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia hanya sedikit sekali Indikasi Geografis yang terdaftar. berdasarkan permasalahan diatas maka penulisan menarik dua rumusan masalah sebagai berikut, Pertama Bagaimana penerapan prinsip kepastian hukum dalam pengaturan pendaftaran indikasi geografis? Kedua, Bagaimana mekanisme pendaftaran indikasi geografis sesuai dengan peraturan perundang undangan? Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan isu hukum isu hukum kekaburan norma, Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana pengaturan pendaftaran indikasi geografis dalam perspektif undang-undang tentang merk dan indikasi geografis, serta untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana pendaftaran indikasi geografis. dan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian yaitu pendekatan kasus, pendekatan perundang-undangan serta pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mengenai Penerapan dan pendaftaran Indikasi Geografis mengandung syarat tertentu  yang harus dipenuhi.

Neil M. Dawson, Brendan Coolsaet, Eleanor J. Sterling et al.

Debate about what proportion of the Earth to protect often overshadows the question of how nature should be conserved and by whom. We present a systematic review and narrative synthesis of 169 publications investigating how different forms of governance influence conservation outcomes, paying particular attention to the role played by Indigenous peoples and local communities. We find a stark contrast between the outcomes produced by externally controlled conservation, and those produced by locally controlled efforts. Crucially, most studies presenting positive outcomes for both well-being and conservation come from cases where Indigenous peoples and local communities play a central role, such as when they have substantial influence over decision making or when local institutions regulating tenure form a recognized part of governance. In contrast, when interventions are controlled by external organizations and involve strategies to change local practices and supersede customary institutions, they tend to result in relatively ineffective conservation at the same time as producing negative social outcomes. Our findings suggest that equitable conservation, which empowers and supports the environmental stewardship of Indigenous peoples and local communities represents the primary pathway to effective long-term conservation of biodiversity, particularly when upheld in wider law and policy. Whether for protected areas in biodiversity hotspots or restoration of highly modified ecosystems, whether involving highly traditional or diverse and dynamic local communities, conservation can become more effective through an increased focus on governance type and quality, and fostering solutions that reinforce the role, capacity, and rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities. We detail how to enact progressive governance transitions through recommendations for conservation policy, with immediate relevance for how to achieve the next decade's conservation targets under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.

Putrijanti Aju

The massive damage to the environment brings loss for society. Meanwhile, development is essential. Act Number 32 the Year 2009 of Protection and Management of Environment regulates the law enforcement in private, penal and administrative law. Law enforcement in environmental cases, some are difficult to implement. This is legal research that uses the secondary data of journals, regulations, judge verdicts, and explanations to use descriptive analysis. Law enforcement is influenced by the environmental system of law consist of structure, substance and culture of law. The environment disputes file to general and administrative court with special regulations because it has to be held in line with other cases and takes more time to proceed. Law enforcement of judge verdict in environment disputes is difficult to implement, because the losing party disobedience to apply. The disobedience factor influences conservation and protection, which is needed by the society affects environmental damage, making regulation of sanctions given to losing party are less power. The high number of environmental disputes needs special environment courts to investigate faster, so there will be a mechanism to supervise law enforcement. Environment special court will only investigate environment disputes and does not interrupt with other cases, and it is expected that the judge will process it immediately.

Rimsyahtono, Nandang Sambas, Ratna Januarita et al.

Corporate punishment in the environmental aspect has not led to social justice based on Islamic law principles because of the lack of attention to the community as victims who suffer losses due to environmental pollution, which should be a life support. This study aimed to realize that social justice based on Islamic law principles incorporates punishment in environmental aspects for the future. This type of research uses a normative legal typology to approach the principles, systematics, and level of legal synchronization of legislation based on Islamic Law and Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Secondary data obtained through library studies were analyzed descriptively. The results show that the nature of corporate punishment in environmental aspects in Islamic Law aims to prevent corporations from repeating their actions, prevent other corporations from participating in environmental pollution, and foster corporations that have polluted the environment. Furthermore, the embodiment of social justice based on Islamic law principles incorporate punishment in the environmental aspect must contain the values of corporate culture and community development. Social justice is in line with the principle of the benefit of the people in Islamic Law, where each punishment contains aspects of paying attention to victims of crime.

Francesco Pomati, Francesco Pomati, Jonathan B. Shurin et al.

Biomass distribution among size classes follows a power law where the Log-abundance of taxa scales to Log-size with a slope that responds to environmental abiotic and biotic conditions. The interactions between ecological mechanisms controlling the slope of locally realized size-abundance relationships (SAR) are however not well understood. Here we tested how warming, nutrient levels, and grazing affect the slope of phytoplankton community SARs in decadal time-series from eight Swiss lakes of the peri-alpine region, which underwent environmental forcing due to climate change and oligotrophication. We expected rising temperature to have a negative effect on slope (favoring small phytoplankton), and increasing nutrient levels and grazing pressure to have a positive effect (benefiting large phytoplankton). Using a random forest approach to extract robust patterns from the noisy data, we found that the effects of temperature (direct and indirect through water column stability), nutrient availability (phosphorus and total biomass), and large herbivore (copepods and daphnids) grazing and selectivity on slope were non-linear and interactive. Increasing water temperature or total grazing pressure, and decreasing phosphorus levels, had a positive effect on slope (favoring large phytoplankton, which are predominantly mixotrophic in the lake dataset). Our results therefore showed patterns that were opposite to the expected long-term effects of temperature and nutrient levels, and support a paradigm in which (i) small phototrophic phytoplankton appear to be favored under high nutrients levels, low temperature and low grazing, and (ii) large mixotrophic algae are favored under oligotrophic conditions when temperature and grazing pressure are high. The effects of temperature were stronger under nutrient limitation, and the effects of nutrients and grazing were stronger at high temperature. Our study shows that the phytoplankton local SARs in lakes respond to both the independent and the interactive effects of resources, grazing and water temperature in a complex, unexpected way, and observations from long-term studies can deviate significantly from general theoretical expectations.

Mohsen pakdaman, Mohamadtaghi ghaneian, Mohamadhasan ehrampoosh et al.

Background and aims: One of the factors affecting the health of people in the community is the health status of food procurement distribution and supply. Overlooking and controlling of these centers is the responsibility of environmental health inspectors. Considering the importance of interaction between environmental health inspectors and providers of food supply, distribution and supply centers, and its impact on the implementation of health rules and regulations by the principal, the main objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting the interaction between environmental health inspectors and providers of procurement centers, Distributing and supplying food, as well as identifying the weaknesses and strengths of the system and the environmental health inspection method from the perspective of inspectors and operators. The health condition of supply centres, distribution and supply of food affects the health of the people of the society, which is why it is important to supervise the control of these centres in order to provide food security at a high degree. In Iran, monitoring centres, distribution and supply of food in order to protect the health of consumers from these centres will be directed at the Health Department of Medical Sciences of the Universities of Medical Sciencesacross the country. The proper monitoring and control of these centres has an effective and effective role in preventing and spreading epidemics and epidemics, causing public health and preventing waste of financial resources. In industrialized countries, about 30 % of people are suffering from water and food, while in third world countries, about 80 % of all diseases and 33 per cent of deaths are caused by water use and contaminated food. Therefore, experts and health experts have an important role in planning, implementation and management of health activities all over the local, national and global levels, as part of the advisory process in planning, implementation and management of health activities all over the local, national and global levels. control, distribution, and supply of food were always accompanied by many problems and defects, which in many cases caused the dissatisfaction of consumers. One of the most important of these problems is the failure of the operators to comply with the relevant health laws so that most of the time the enforcement of the regulations and health considerations have been accompanied by the resistance and refusal of the operators. For example, in 2016 alone 40 percent of the supply, distribution and supply of food in the country were in good health condition. there are few studies and researches on the issues of the work of health inspectors of the environment, which are not widely distributed to the long history and variety of work and function of the health inspectors of the environment and its importance. according to the importance of interaction between the health inspectors and the operators of supply centers, distribution and supply of food and its impact on the enforcement of laws and health orders from the incumbent, there has been no specific qualitative study in this regard. the main purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the interaction between the health inspectors of the environment and operators of supply centers, distribution and supply of food as well as identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the system and the environment of the environment from the viewpoint of inspectors and operators and became aware.                                                                                            Methods: This study is an applied study, and qualitative analysis of quality content analysis has been done. Participants included eight environmental health experts and six providers of food procurement, distribution and supply centers, Sample selection criteria were sample-based samples that were selected based on objective sampling. The criterion for the determination of the number of samples in this research was theoretical saturation of the researcher. Data was collected using semi-structured individual interviews. Interviews were recorded and then rewritten and analyzed using Maxqda 10 software and codes, subclasses and classes were identified And then for each of the 24 subclasses, a separate interpretation was written. in order to identify the key concepts and concepts in the text, the text of the interviews was written in line and word to each sentence or the keyword, and the initial codes were identified. In the next step, the same initial codes are grouped into one sub - floor and then the main classes of combination of the following categoriesCommon concepts were formed. It has been tried to make the highest heterogeneity among the classes and the highest heterogeneity among the classes. Initially, the classes were named, but it did not have the name of abstraction. By performing a continuous comparison of the same classes, the same themes were merged and finally extracted from the main themes. Also, for assessing codes, subclasses and classes derived from Densin and Linak criteria, including credibility, transferability, trust, and verifiability were used. to determine the validity and validity of the data, the researcher has a long - term relationship with research sites that has helped attract the confidence of the participants and the correct understanding of the environment by the researcher, the maximum diversity in selecting the participants and the right strategy in selecting the sample is to reassure the participants about confidentiality of information and their freedom in the study including means of credit enhancement. To provide data confidence, after analyzing the text of interviews by the researcher, the text of some of the interviews was available to some expert colleagues in order to compare them with the coding of the data, the data can be provided. in fact, the similarity of the second - type code was provided by the researcherchr('39')s coding so that in the context of one of the interviews, 85 % of the codes written by researcher and the latter were similar. It was, in fact, used the review method by colleagues in this way that the text was copied and coded and analyzed by the colleagues in order to obtain consensus agreements in order to provide the data transmission capability, interview questions, codes, categories and generally the findings of the study were related to other knowledgeable individuals and experts and their comments about the fit of the findings were examined. in order to verify the data and determine the authenticity of the codes from the interviews, the information was confirmed by the participants. So, after interviewing, data mining and coding, the research has again turned to individual participants in the study and examined their approval from the literature and thus evaluation of samples was done from the literature and thus agreement and approval of the participants were obtained. Results: participation in this research is the first group, experts and health inspectors of the environment with an average age of 41 (65)from both sexes (seven male and one female), with a bachelorchr('39')s degree (six)and master " s (two), with an average of 75 / 17 (43), and in the second category, operators and operators Managers of the development, distribution and supply of food with an average age of 45 (65), all males, with certificate (one person)and diploma (four persons), with the average history record of 25 years (43 years). After analyzing the data in this study, 338 primary codes were extracted. After analyzing the extracted codes, the codes were classified in six main categories and 24 sub-classes. The main classes are the factors related to education, the focus of the monitoring system, legal measures, the inspection method, the acceptance of the rules by the curator, the attention of the inspector to the managerial and geographical conditions. Conclusion: The opinions expressed in the interviews by the two groups of inspectors and attendants have many points of contact. This sharing of views between inspectors and attendants can provide the interaction fields between them as well. According to the expressed opinions, it is necessary to modify some methods and approaches in the health inspection of the food procurement, distribution and supply centers, Complete lack of focuson legal tools to change the behavior of operators and paying attention to the implementation of participatory training methods that have been less considered to date to increase the co-operation of service providers and agreed upon by both group of interviewees. Also, the entry of Self-reported health companies to the field of environmental health inspection and its consequence was one of the important issues that the inspectors and the operators looked at in this study with suspicion. Therefore, more attention should be paid to its implementation. The opinions of the interviewees (two groups of inspectors and operators)have a lot of sharing points about the various issues in health inspections. it is suggested that the opinions of operators as one of the stakeholders on the environment of the environment in decisions are investigated. The sharing of opinion between inspectors and operators can provide the fields of interaction between inspectors and operators. According to most participants, the necessity of reforming some methods and approaches is essential in health inspection of supply centres, distribution and supply of food. The focus and focus of the training and empowerment of investigators and the training of operators in modern ways and the lack of complete focus on legal instruments for the change of operators chr('39') behaviour and attention to the implementation of corporate educational practices that have been less noticed today is necessary to enhance the cooperation of operators. It is also possible to consider some of the inspections as an advisory and training inspection at the curator " s workplace. according to the inspectors, under article 13 of the executive code of article 13 of the provisions of article 13 of the provisions of article 13 of the provisions of article 13 of the provision of edible, drinking, cosmetic and sanitary procedures and changing the procedures of legal action in the comprehensive audit system, the auditors are not yet familiar with the law and the executive procedure of recording checks and carrying out legal action has encountered some problems. On the other hand, the introduction of self - declaration to the area of health inspection and its outcome was an important issue in which the study was regarded by investigators and officials in doubt and doubt. Therefore, further consideration should be made about its implementation. finally, with regard to the extent of the activity of health inspectors from medical sciences at the university of medical sciences throughout the country as well as the small number of studies and researches related to various fields of auditors, inspectors are scientifically studied and analyzed and the effectiveness of activities such as inspection and sampling of food is analyzed as well as the effect of inspection from operators chr('39') point of view. From the strengths of this study, it is possible to point out that for the first time with a qualitative study of defects and challenges and views of both groups of health inspectors of the environment and operators of supply centers, distribution and supply of food were examined and explored.