Hasil untuk "Economics"

R. Banker, A. Charnes, W. Cooper

D. North

R. Layard, S. Nickell, R. Jackman

Dwi Siti Syarifah Usriani, Selmita Paranoan, Muhammad Din et al.

Purpose:  This study aims to assess the level of compliance of political parties in Palu in reporting their 2024 election campaign funds, with a focus on the transparency and accountability of reports in accordance with applicable regulations. Methodology/approach: The method used is quantitative descriptive research with a descriptive statistical approach. Data was obtained through documentation, which involved campaign finance reports from 18 political parties. The research sample used a saturated sampling technique. Findings: Most political parties were compliant in reporting campaign finances, with high compliance rates of 96,3% for RKDK, 95,8% for LADK, 100% for LPSDK, and 97,9% for LPPDK. Despite this progress, stricter supervision by the KPU and Bawaslu and more rigorous enforcement of sanctions are needed to ensure that campaign funds are clearly and transparently accounted for. Practical  and Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study assists the KPU and Bawaslu of Palu City by demonstrating the effectiveness of existing regulations and increasing public political awareness of the importance of transparency in campaign finance reporting. Research   Limitation: This study is limited to the city of Palu and uses secondary data from audited reports, so it does not describe compliance dynamics throughout Indonesia.

Francis Muhire

The study examines the effects of environmental policy quality, GDP per capita, quality of policy and institutional frameworks, regulatory effectiveness, population growth, electricity access, and research and development investments on green energy consumption in the East African Community (EAC). The study employed the FMOLS and CCR models for analysis. Data was sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and International Energy Agency (IEA) for the EAC from 2000 to 2022. The study found that regulatory quality, quality of environmental policies, and access to electricity have a positive and significant long-run effect on green energy consumption in the EAC. However, the study also found that GDP per capita and the Quality of Institutions and Policies do not have a long-run effect on green energy consumption in the EAC. Given the global attention to Green Energy Consumption as a solution to climate change and to meet energy needs, this study discloses less studied drivers of Green Energy Consumption (as a proxy of Green Energy Transition), especially “Quality of environmental policies” in the EAC. Furthermore, most existing studies focus on renewable energy consumption, which includes solid biomass such as charcoal and firewood, while this study covers green energy consumption.

Manijeh Haghighi Nasab, Hamid Reza Yazdani, Fatemeh Goli

ObjectiveThe lack of perceived fairness in pricing can lead to various negative consequences, including diminished trust in the seller and the prices, reduced demand, lower customer satisfaction, negative word-of-mouth advertising, loss of customer loyalty to the company or brand, increased complaints, and a reluctance to make future purchases. Considering all the mentioned destructive consequences, it is necessary to design a perceived fairness model for dynamic pricing. Accordingly, this study to present the perceived fairness model of dynamic pricing using a meta-synthesis approach. MethodologyThis research is descriptive in terms of its practical purpose, data collection, and qualitative approach. The method used in this study is qualitative. Meta-synthesis involves several steps: searching, evaluating, synthesizing, expressing, and partially interpreting both quantitative and qualitative research. Transcombination can be performed using various methods; in this study, the 7-step model of Sandelowski and Barso was employed. The data collection tool consisted of past documents, including 32 articles. Content analysis was used as the method for data analysis. FindingsThe findings indicated the drivers affecting the perceived fairness of dynamic pricing in three categories: customer-related factors (demographic characteristics, price knowledge, price expectation, consumption and behavioral experience, familiarity with dynamic pricing), company-related factors (pricing transparency, communication with customers, trust), and market-related factors (price position, price dispersion). These drivers are the set of factors that affect the perceived fairness of dynamic pricing. The drivers include various factors. Perceived fairness of dynamic pricing includes two dimensions: emotional fairness and cognitive fairness. Customers who expect low prices will be suspicious and unfair about price increases. The actions taken by companies to raise customer awareness about the reasons for price increases, the timing of price changes, and similar actions in past periods significantly influence customers' accurate understanding of the price changes, preventing them from perceiving them as unfair. Perceived fairness consequences of dynamic pricing are categorized into two categories: positive consequences (customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, repurchase intention) and negative consequences (negative feelings, negative behaviors, and negative advertising by customers). ConclusionAny price difference should be based on a logical reason and serve as a tool for segmentation. While pricing policies inevitably influence consumers' purchase intentions, they should not undermine the perceived fairness from the customer's perspective. The identified drivers of perceived fairness in dynamic pricing, when applied to pricing the same goods under different conditions, provide a foundation for pricing decision-makers within companies.

Boram Seo, Sangwon Chung

Abstract Fermented plant foods, deeply rooted in cultural traditions, are gaining increasing attention for their potential to modulate the gut microbiome and improve host health. This review summarizes current data on the microbial composition, functional metabolites, and health effects of fermented plant foods commonly consumed in Asia, with a focus on fermented soybean foods (e.g., cheonggukjang, natto, and tempeh), and fermented vegetable foods (e.g., kimchi). Several bioactive compounds derived from fermentation modulate gut microbial composition and diversity, gut barrier integrity, and immune and inflammatory responses to help prevent and manage metabolic disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and other gut-related disorders. Preclinical and animal studies have elucidated the mechanisms underlying these health effects. We highlight the importance of developing personalized dietary interventions, standardizing the production of fermented plant foods, and evaluating health effects using multi-omics approaches. These foods hold promise as microbiome-targeted interventions for maintaining and improving host health.

حاكم حسوني الميالي, ابراهيم رسول هاني, حيدر علي الدليمي

Purpose – The purpose of this study aims to investigate the relationships among leadership behavior and academic performance in Iraqi universities, given the mediating role of knowledge management (KM). Design/methodology/approach – This research will employ the use of quantitative research method to reach out to a broader population sample made up of 1,210 questionnaires on academic leaders and academic staff was distributed in 25 Iraqi public universities. The hypothesis testing being employed is based on the estimating structural equation model (SEM). Findings – The final structural model that uses maximum likelihood estimation analysis confirmed a goodness of fit indices to the data. The mediating role of KM has partial significant effect on the relationship between leadership behavior and academic performance. Research limitations/implications - The inherent limitation is in the sampling frame and the results cannot be generalized to the whole education like private universities. This study can contribute and support the national strategic plan 2009-2013 of Iraq HEIs. Social implications – According to the interviews with academic leaders and staff in Iraqi universities, the academic leaders agreed that the problems of leadership stemmed from the lack of utilization of information technology in managing knowledge in their universities to treat social and economic issues.   Originality/value– In raises support for the objectives of National Strategy 2009 – 2013 of the Iraqi HEIs, the findings of the current study may support academics staff and leaders in how they can improve academic activities in their universities through KM.

Andreja Jaklič, Magdolna Sass

This article examines foreign direct investment (FDI) as an indicator of economic integration, focusing on Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the two decades they have been EU members. Although CEE countries have remained on the EU’s periphery and struggled with development gaps, they have attracted substantial FDI, especially in the first decade after accession, fuelling the growth of outward FDI and integration into global value chains. Despite CEE economies like Slovenia and Hungary having seen differences in their use of FDI, such investment and European integration will remain central to the region’s economic development, even amid the ongoing geopolitical tensions.

Alder Keleman Saxena, Ximena Cadima Fuentes, Debbie L. Humphries

A growing body of research seeks to measure the nutritional contributions of agrobiodiversity to the diets of small-scale farming households. While such articles frequently base analysis on nutritional surveys, particularly using 24-h dietary recall methods, there is as-yet little critical analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of 24-h recalls for assessing the nutritional contributions of agrobiodiversity, or for evaluating the biodiversity conservation implications of particular dietary patterns. The current article draws from mixed-methods research conducted in Cochabamba, Bolivia, between 2011 and 2015. Methods included both ethnographic research and a two-season, household-level survey of 414 households, distributed across a rural–urban gradient between urban Cochabamba and the rural municipality of Colomi. The survey included a 24-h “culinary recall,” recording specific ingredients used to prepare foods, including variety-level information for key crops in the region. Results demonstrate that native crops play an important role in household diets, accounting for around a third of calories reported at the household level, and as much as 57% of caloric availability in the most remote agricultural communities. However, a fine-grained examination of the data shows that nearly a third of all calories reported are provided by potatoes and their derivatives; no other native, improved, or Andeanized crop accounted for more than 1.53% of reported calories. Using ethnographic data, the paper considers reasons for the lack of representation of other crops in dietary recall methods, including the difficulties of capturing the consumption of crops that are seasonal, or consumed as specialty foods under specific circumstances. Drawing from these observations, the paper argues that assessing the importance of local consumption as a driver of agrobiodiversity conservation requires methods that are better attuned to cultural and seasonally driven consumption practices.

Katarzyna Miszczyńska

Shengnan Li, Zhouzhou Lin, Dezhi Liang

The green technology innovation system is a fundamental method for China to achieve its goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Clarifying the relationship between two-way foreign direct investment (FDI) synergy and regional green technology innovation is key to the green transformation and sustainable development of regional innovation systems. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2020, a threshold-panel-regression technique is used. Command-controlled environmental regulation (CER), market-incentive environmental regulation (MER), and public-participation environmental regulation (PER) are taken as threshold variables, and the threshold effect of two-way FDI synergy on regional green technology innovation under heterogeneous environmental regulation is empirically explored. The results show the following. (i) The effects of two-way FDI synergy on regional green technology innovation exhibit significant threshold characteristics with heterogeneous environmental regulation as a double threshold. (ii) As the threshold values of CER and PER increase, the promoting effect of two-way FDI synergy on regional green technology innovation first increases and then decreases. (iii) As the MER threshold value increases, the promoting effect of two-way FDI synergy on regional green technology innovation continues to increase. (iv) Under the medium-threshold condition of PER, the promoting effect of two-way FDI synergy reaches its greatest value. (v) The intensity of intellectual property protection, the number of regional innovation institutions, and the level of transportation infrastructure all have significant positive effects on regional green technology innovation, and the number of regional innovation institutions exhibits the greatest promoting effect. This study provides new insights into two-way FDI synergy and methods to promote green technology innovation, and these findings can help the government formulate future policies and strategies to promote regional green technology innovation.

Edward F. Nash, Jocelyn Choyce, Victoria Carrolan et al.

Background: Home monitoring (HM) is able to detect more pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) than routine care (RC) in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), but there is currently no evidence for benefits in health outcomes. Patient experiences of using HM and a health economics assessment have not been rigorously assessed to date. This study aimed to assess the effects of HM on hospital admissions, quality of life, antibiotic requirements, exacerbation frequency, lung function, nutritional outcomes, anxiety, depression, costs and health outcomes, as well as the qualitative effects on the patient experience. Methods: This randomised controlled mixed-methods pilot study recruited CF adults cared for in one large regional CF centre. Participants were randomly allocated 1:1 to the intervention cohort [twice-weekly HM of symptoms measured by the Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Symptom Diary – Chronic Respiratory Infection Symptom Score (CFRSD-CRISS) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 )] or a control cohort (routine clinical care) for the 12-month study period. Measurements were recorded at study visits at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Spirometry, body weight, comorbidities, medications, hospital inpatient days, courses of antibiotics (oral and intravenous) and PEx (defined by the modified Fuchs criteria) were recorded at each study visit. Health status, capability and cost-effectiveness were measured at each study visit by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults (ICECAP-A), EuroQol 5 dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire and an adapted resource use questionnaire. The patient experience of HM was assessed by semi-structured qualitative interviews at baseline and 12 months. Results: Eighty-eight participants were recruited, with 44 (50%) randomised to receive HM and 44 (50%) randomised to receive RC. Patient hospital inpatient bed days per annum and overall health-related quality of life were similar between the groups. Protocol-defined PEx requiring intravenous and oral antibiotics were detected more frequently in the HM group, with no other differences between the groups in the secondary outcomes. The total mean National Health Service (NHS) costs were approximately £1500 more per patient for the RC arm than the HM group. The qualitative analysis demonstrated that the patient experience of HM was generally positive and overall the intervention was well accepted. Conclusion: The findings of this trial confirm that HM is effective in detecting PEx in adults with CF. There were no significant differences in hospital inpatient bed days and overall health-related quality of life between the groups. Despite the cost of the HM equipment and the salary of the research fellow to respond to the results, health economics analysis suggests the intervention was less expensive than RC. HM was generally well accepted, with most participants reporting that it resulted in them feeling more empowered and reassured. Trial registration The study protocol was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02994706) on 16 July 2014 and published in a peer reviewed journal. Data from this trial has been presented in abstract form at the ECFS Conference in Lyon in September 2020.

Simron J Singh, Simran Talwar, Megha Shenoy

Global material extraction has tripled since the 1970s, with more than 100 billion tonnes of materials entering the world economy each year. Only 8.6% of this is recycled, while 61% ends up as waste and emissions that is the leading cause of global warming, and large-scale pollution of land, rivers, and oceans. This paper introduces Socio-metabolic Research (SMR) and demonstrates its relevance for ecological economics scholarship in India. SMR is a research framework for studying the biophysical stocks and flows of material and energy associated with societal production and consumption. SMR is widely conducted in Europe, US, and China. In India, it is still at an infant stage. In this paper, we review pioneering efforts of SMR in India, and make the case for advancing the field in the sub-continent. The crucial question is whether India can source materials and energy necessary for human development in a sustainable manner.

Purmini Purmini, Roosemarina Anggraini Rambe

This study aims to analyze the effect of agricultural workers, education level, female workers and the role of government policies on poverty rate in Sumatra. Observations were made in 151 districts/cities in Sumatra during the period 2013-2015 and 2017-2018. The approach used is a panel data regression model. The method applied is random effect. The findings show the labor in the agricultural sector has a significant and positive effect on the poverty rate in Sumatra, while the level of education and government spending has a significant and negative effect on the poverty rate. The policy implication is that it is necessary to increase labor productivity in the agricultural sector and other industries that are more efficient. The government also needs to strengthen the agricultural sub-sector in order to have better value-added products. Optimizing and improving basic services such as education, health, economic and social.

Razieh Zahedi, Leila Nemati-Anaraki, Shahram Sedghi et al.

Background & Aim: Patient decision aids are detailed and personalized health education materials that assist patients in decision making. According to expert viewpoints, this study aimed to determine important factors in implementing the prenatal screening decision aid in Iran. Methods & Materials: In this qualitative study, 24 experts, including seven obstetricians, four information scientists, five managers or policymakers, and eight midwives, were selected using purposive and snowball sampling approaches. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data between January 2020 and June 2020 in Tehran, Iran. A prenatal screening decision aid was presented to the participants, and we asked them to raise their concerns and thoughts regarding the factors influencing the implementation of patient decision aids. We used MAXQDA 10 and applied conventional content analysis for data analysis. Results: Two organizational and personal factors themes were identified to implement Iran's prenatal screening decision aids. Conclusion: We identified the viewpoints of experts regarding major factors in patient decision aids implementation for prenatal screening. Before implementing prenatal screening decision aids in Iran, it would be helpful to consider these organizational and personal factors. Prenatal screening decision aids can provide better information for pregnant women and strengthen their decision-making ability.

Oleksiy Mazurenko, Inna Tiutiunyk

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the generalization of the main vectors of the tax competitiveness theory’s development. The main purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the research of scientists on the formation of tax competitiveness of the country, to identify the relationship of tax competitiveness with other economic categories, to determine the most promising areas of research on this issue. The results of trend analysis of scientific publications on tax competitiveness, indexed by Scopus and Web of Science scientometric databases, show a gradual increase in the relevance of these issues. The average growth rate of the number of publications on tax competitiveness in the Scopus database exceeds 12%, and in the Web of Science database – 45%. The methodological tools of the bibliometric analysis are VOSViewer v.1.6.10 and Scopus and Web of Science database analysis tools. The object of analysis is 4,598 publications indexed in the Web of Science database and 4,898 publications indexed in the Scopus database. The issues of international tax competitiveness became most relevant in 2003-2005, which coincided with the period of aggravation of the global economic crisis, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in tax revenues to budgets. The article identifies the top 10 Journals, most of which are indexed simultaneously by two databases and are part of the first quarter, in which the issue of tax competitiveness was considered most often. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves the intersectoral nature of the study of the problem of the country’s tax competitiveness. According to the Web of Science database, issues of tax competitiveness were most often considered within the subject areas of Economics (39% of publications); Business Finance (6%); Environmental Studies (6%); Political Science (5%); Law (4%); Urban Studies (3%); Business (3%); Management (3%); Environmental Sciences (2%); Public Administration (2%); Regional Urban Planning (2%); International Relations (2%); Operations Research Management Science 2%) and others (21%), while according to the Scopus database – Economics, Econometrics and Finance (published 28% of all papers); Social Sciences (21%); Business, Management and Accounting (13%); Engineering (7%); Environmental Science (7%); Medicine (5%); Energy (4%); Computer Science (2%); Arts and Humanities (2%); Decision Sciences (2%); Earth and Planetary Sciences (1%); Materials Science (1%); Agricultural and Biological Sciences (1%); Others (6%). The paper clusters international research networks on tax competitiveness by geographical area and identifies 5 clusters of cooperation of scientists in the preparation of publications indexed in the Web of Science database and 4 clusters – in the preparation of publications indexed in the Scopus database. According to the results of the analysis of metadata of publications devoted to the tax competitiveness, 14672 keywords, the frequency of use of which exceeds 5, were identified and grouped into 5 patterns. Most often, the concept of tax competitiveness is associated with the concepts of tax, economics, competition, costs, taxation.

Sudha R. Shenoy, P. Bauer

Rylkova Zaneta, Sebestova Jarmila

Managerial decision making is important in an enterprise and in leadership. Strategic objectives are, in general, objectives that an enterprise have to achieve to make its long-range plan that means a strategy succeed, especially in globalized environment. Each enterprise currently face the globalization that is why these enterprise have to know what can be done to achieve enterprise objectives more effectively within the future. The aim of the paper is to identify factors which can have an impact on decision making in the area of strategic objectives. Analysis shows the influence of selected variables such as financial performance, passion for work, managerial skills and communicated strategy on strategic objectives setting to be more open and dynamic or international. The paper is based on primary data collection from a recent survey of enterprises from the Czech Republic and on comparison with international resources focused on decision on strategic objectives. The primary research provides the support for relationships importance between selected variables for the managerial decision on strategic objectives. The secondary research introduces what specifically affects those variables. Moreover, the paper highlights that with managerial skills, a manager will assist the enterprise in achieving its objectives and business performance.

G. Stigler