Objective: to identify the influence of conceptual scientific ideas of S. S. Alekseev on the development of the labor law doctrine.Methods: dialectical method of cognition, as well as a set of general scientific (system analysis, synthesis, classification, generalization, induction, deduction) and specific-legal (formal-legal, comparative-legal) methods.Results: the genesis of S. S. Alekseev’s views on the system and structure of law, their perception and consideration in the system of labor law was investigated. The author shows three conceptual approaches to building the labor law system and substantiates the division of the special part of labor law into three sub-branches: individual, collective and procedural labor law. S. S. Alekseev’s views on the principles of law are analyzed, including their classification into basic, inter-sectoral, and sectoral principles of law and principles of legal institutions.Scientific novelty: the analysis of the influence and perception of S. S. Alekseev’s ideas at the sectoral level (primarily in the science of labor law) has not been the topic of scientific research so far. The work shows the significance of the ideas of natural law and their perception in positive law, including labor law, as well as the embodiment of S. S. Alekseev's ideas on human-centrism and humanism in the national labor law. The author substantiates the conclusion about the influence of S. S. Alekseev’s views on the formulation of labor law, enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, including freedom of labor, social justice and some other guiding legal principles of this sector.Practical significance: is expressed in the fact that the ideas about the labor law system can be used in the subsequent systematization, including in the new codification of labor legislation. The ideas about the labor law principles can be applied for the improvement of Article 2 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and be taken into account by courts and other law enforcement agencies in overcoming gaps in law and resolving legal conflicts and other defects in law.
Economics as a science, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
In this study, we explore how educational differences in demographic behavior – in particular, mating patterns and fertility – mediate the intergenerational reproduction of educational inequality in twelve European countries. Although this research interest itself is not new, we contribute to this debate by adopting a prospective approach and scaling it to include multiple countries and cohorts. To this end, we leverage a series of complementary datasets and the inferential method developed by Song and Mare (2015) and advanced by Skopek and Leopold (2020) to estimate the components of a stylized educational reproduction model. We then employ a simple decomposition analysis to quantify the contributions of different pathways to prospective educational reproduction rates across educational backgrounds and explore the differences across cohorts and countries. We report several findings. Most notably, (1) the intergenerational reproduction of educational inequality persists in all twelve countries and is barely offset by small (and declining) negative educational gradients in fertility, (2) educational differences in selection into partnership are small and do not account for much inequality, and (3) the role of assortative mating, where present, is ambiguous because it both reinforces inequality via its effects on resources within the family and offsets it via its effects on fertility.
* This article belongs to a special issue on “Changes in Educational Homogamy and Its Consequences”.
Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, City population. Including children in cities, immigration
Commencing a firm or engaging in entrepreneurship is a means for individuals to generate income, so bolstering a nation's economy and employment opportunities. This study sought to examine the influence of motivation, environment, social media, digital marketing, and love of money on entrepreneurial inclinations. 973 alumni graduated in the years 2020 and 2021. This study employed a qualitative research approach, gathering data through a questionnaire administered via Google Forms. The data were examined using the purposive sampling technique based on the Slobin formula. The influence of motivation on the entrepreneurial aspirations of students is significant. The environment plays a significant role in shaping the amount of interest in entrepreneurship. Social media has a significant impact on the entrepreneurial aspirations of students. Digital marketing has a big impact on students' entrepreneurial interests. An individual's level of interest in entrepreneurship can be greatly influenced by their strong desire for riches.
Given the scarcity of labour observed in several sectors in Quebec, organizations wish to identify the obstacles to maintaining and returning to employment and measures that could promote greater participation in the labour market by experienced workers. Many individuals also wish to remain in the labour market but face obstacles. To address this, we conducted two surveys, one with the workforce and the other with employers, to understand their perceptions of obstacles and measures or policies that could support continued employment. Some obstacles may be difficult to overcome (personal or health problems). Still, others could be addressed, such as workload and fatigue, mental or physical workload, lack of training opportunities after 50 and 60 years of age, recognition of experience, or insufficient compensation. In terms of public measures, in addition to improving taxation, other options can be considered, such as financial support or consulting services for hiring experienced workers, a bank of available candidates, or implementing programs to help organizations develop innovative measures for scheduling work hours.
Economic history and conditions, Economics as a science
The development of methodology for analyzing efficiency is acute today due to fundamental basis of budget system functioning. The last ten years proved the importance of social policy and the welfare system during periods of uncertainty and economic crises. In 2022 the vector of Russian economy development changed from west to east and the country will face a long-term opposition through unprecedented sanctions and challenges to its economy transformation. The article puts forward a simple ratio method of analyzing efficiency of budget expenses aimed at overcoming poverty in Russian regions, systematizes the most frequently mentioned in academic literature methods of researching efficiency of expenses on social policy, investigates the method of analyzing the utmost efficiency and provides conclusions about its low practical significance. The article proposes to use the author’s approach to ratio analysis supplemented with ranking method, plotting heat maps and estimating basic descriptive statistics. Research findings demonstrate its high theoretic and practical value, especially as a preliminary stage of the research within the frames of a complex analytical approach to assessing efficiency of expenses on social policy allotted from consolidated budgets of Russian Federation entities.
L'Objectif : Le but de cet article est de décrire et d'évaluer l'état de la liberté économique dans les pays d'Afrique5 . La base d'inférence est fondée sur les coefficients de liberté économique publiés depuis 1995 par The Heritage Foundation à Washington et Wall Street Journal pour 184 pays à travers le monde. L'analyse comparative est effectuée dans les pays africains divisés en quatre régions geographiques : Afrique Australe, Afrique du Nord et Afrique Centrale, Afrique de l'Est et l'Afrique de l'Ouest durant les années 2017-20236 .
Conception/méthodologie/approche : Dans la recherche empirique on utilise les méthodes d'analyse de corrélation, σ-convergence, σ-divergence et d'analyse comparative multivariée. Le programme R et les packages dtw et dtwclust sont également appliqués. En conséquence, une évaluation approfondie de l'évolution de la liberté économique a été réalisée dans les 49 pays évalués, séparément et dans les quatres groupes de pays analysés.
Résultats : Il a été montré que dans le cas des pays africains dans les années 2017-2023, nous sommes généralement confrontés à une stagnation ou à des changements plus ou moins chaotiques dans divers aspects de la liberté économique. Il semble que tant les gouvernements des pays africains ainsi que les institutions internationales qui soutiennent le développement des pays africains devraient s'appuyer plus largement qu'auparavant sur les acquis de la pensée économique dans le domaine des choix sociaux, ainsi que sur le rôle des institutions économiques et de la liberté dans le développement économique.
Originalité/valeur : L'article fournit des connaissances complètes sur la liberté économique pour la grande majorité des pays africains en termes d'indice général de liberté économique et de douze indices partiels de liberté économique.
ABSTRACT This paper criticizes the idea, widespread today, of the need to seek micro-foundations for macroeconomics. The authors argue that these two fields of economics, micro and macroeconomics, use different methodological approaches. Microeconomics deals with economic problems according to a logical-deductive methodology, while macroeconomics is more characterized by a historical-inductive approach. The attempt to reduce macroeconomics to microeconomics, or vice versa, brings only an impoverishment to science and economic debate, in which, ideally, there should be room for a great pluralism of ideas and theoretical currents.
U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja i ankete koja je sprovedena 2020. godine u domaćinstvima sa individualnim sistemima grejanja u Srbiji. Cilj ankete je bio da se sagleda stanje individualnih sistema grejanja, ali i stavovi vlasnika sistema vezano za energetsku tranziciju. Rezultati ukazuju na zastarelost sistema grejanja, nisku efikasnost, nedovoljna ulaganja u primenu mera energetske efikasnosti i nedostatak finansijskih sredstava za ulaganje u održivo grejanje. Osnovni prioriteti kod izbora načina grejanja jesu troškovi kupovine sistema i troškovi energenta, dok su uticaj ekološkog faktora i svest o potrebi energetske tranzicije relativno slabo izraženi. Troškovi nabavke modernih sistema su identifikovani i kao najveća prepreke za zamenu postojećih sistema, a oko polovine domaćinstava ima pozitivan stav prema potencijalnom subvencionisanju troškova za zamenu postojećih sistema za nove i efikasnije.
Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, Economics as a science
Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that <i>Econometrics</i> maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]
The purpose of the paper is to analyse and examine legal changes and requirements that affect retirement conditions and retirement rights for women in BH. After a discussion of the theoretical background of the gender gap in pensions internationally and in BH, an opinion survey related to pension system reforms was conducted in FBH. The results show that almost 50% of respondents disagree with the statement that women and men should retire at the same age. The results of the binomial logit regression conducted indicate that pensioners and those who are close to the retirement age are less likely, and men are more likely to respond positively to this statement. We conclude that there is a discrepancy between the desire to eliminate gender disparities in pensions and the willingness to conduct necessary reforms since they come as a bitter pill to swallow.
Este artículo estudia la persistencia del desacuerdo en un modelo similar a Melguizo (2019), relajando dos supuestos importantes. Primero, las opiniones iniciales de los individuos son variables aleatorias, y segundo, los individuos pueden tener distintos grados de homofilia. Con respecto a la primera extensión, se encuentra que el desacuerdo persiste con más probabilidad en el atributo que exhibe la mayor media de la distribución de las diferencias en actitudes medias iniciales. Respecto a la segunda, la magnitud del desacuerdo y la velocidad de convergencia en ´el incrementan con respecto al modelo original.
This research aims at understanding the concept of Sharia compliance, according to Muslim business people and entrepreneurs. These people, over the years, believe that their business is in full conformity with Sharia. Using a qualitative approach coupled with an ethnographic analysis, this research finds that their business is in line with Sharia in terms of its meanings, forms, functions, benefits and values. This study also finds that there are similarities between one respondent to others with regard to the underlying meaning of Shariah compliance. However, they have different understanding concerning the meaning of usury and interest in conventional banking.
Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pemaknaan kesesuaian dengan syariah (shariah compliance) menurut para pebisnis dan wirausahawan Muslim. Kelompok ini, selama bertahun-tahun, meyakini bahwa usaha yang mereka jalankan sudah sesuai dengan syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi etnografi. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa para bisnis yang dijalankan oleh responden berkesesuaian dengan syariah dalam hal makna, bentuk, fungsi, manfaat, dan nilai. Ditemukan juga bahwa ada kesamaan pemahaman antara satu responden dengan yang lain terkait dengan pemaknaan shariah compliance. Meskipun demikian, ada perbedaan dalam memahami hukum tentang riba dan bunga pada bank konvensional.
Islam. Bahai Faith. Theosophy, etc., Social Sciences
Thе article reviews various peculiarities of formation and implementation of industrial policy in foreign countries that maintain different types of industrial policy. Moreover, it contains the analysis of the foreign experience. It also highlights the prospects for the implementation of foreign experience in Russian Federation, as well as its pros and cons.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the dimensions of customer expectations and study the moderating role of demographics in the context of fresh food retail.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire was designed using extant literature review followed by expert opinions. The survey was conducted among the customers in the twin cities of Maharashtra in India. The factors of customer expectations were identified using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and further confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS and AMOS, respectively. The significance of the customer expectations on customer satisfaction was studied using structural equation modeling. Subsequently, the role of demographics was studied using two-step cluster analysis and multigroup moderation.FindingsDuring EFA three factors emerged, namely, product-related features, in-store quality and store support services. Structural model evaluation found product-related features and in-store quality significantly influencing the customer satisfaction, while store support services were found as a non-significant factor in the region studied. Further, using cluster analysis customers were segregated into three groups, namely, traditional, autonomous and premium customers, where the premium customers were found to prefer the store support services on a higher scale, and similar results were obtained using multigroup moderation. Demographics, namely, gender, age, respondents’ income and marital status moderated for product-related features and in-store quality. Interestingly, respondents’ income also moderated for the store support services.Practical implicationsThe findings provide directions for store managers of the fresh food category to align supply chain decisions with the unique requirements of customers considering their socio-economic characteristics.Originality/valueOn the basis of social exchange theory, the authors found that in a mutually beneficial relationship, concerning the value proposition, retailers need to address the requirement of the different income group customers for store support services.