Hasil untuk "Economic growth, development, planning"

Gedifew Sewenet Yigzaw

The Ankara Declaration, signed between Ethiopia and Somalia on December 11, 2024, with Turkish mediation, represents a pivotal step in addressing longstanding regional disputes in the Horn of Africa. Rooted in the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and cooperative security, the declaration aims to foster stability through multilateralism, intelligence-sharing, and joint economic initiatives. Turkey’s strategic mediation, leveraging economic investments and cultural ties, underscores its growing influence in regional conflict resolution. While the declaration offers Ethiopia a platform to bolster its diplomatic standing and economic recovery, challenges such as territorial disputes, extremist threats, and external geopolitical pressures persist. Therefore, sustained commitment and inclusive governance are crucial to translate the accord’s aspirations into lasting peace and collaboration.

Elenara da Luz Dubal, Deoclécio Junior Cardoso da Silva , Estefana da Silva Stertz et al.

O objetivo da pesquisa é evidenciar e priorizar as barreiras existentes para o desenvolvimento local de um município localizado na Região Central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizando uma revisão de literatura elencou-se barreiras que impedem o desenvolvimento local. Com isso, oito especialistas que atuam na gestão do município em estudo, analisaram a influência que estas possuem em seu desenvolvimento local. A análise de dados fora realizada utilizando método de Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), apresentando um ranking de prioridade entre as barreiras. Os resultados demonstraram que as barreiras mais priorizadas foram “Falta de atividades de formação voltada ao empreendedorismo”; a “Ausência da atividade industrial”; e a “Falta de recursos”. Desse modo, concluiu-se que com os resultados obtidos, os gestores podem elaborar diretrizes estratégicas com o intuito de mitigar essas barreiras, contribuindo para melhor gestão e desenvolvimento a nível local.

Alessandra Garbero, Grayson Sakos, Giovanni Cerulli

Marta Neškovic

As a Youth Delegate of the Republic of Serbia, from the Institute for Political Studies, in Belgrade, Serbia, and a representative of the World Academy of Art and Science (WAAS), I summarize in this report the most capturing sessions I attended during the 27th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) – COP27, which took place in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, on November 6–18, 2022. This report presents the existing efforts by governments, international organizations, educational institutes and academies, and civil society organizations to address the climate change problem from the perspective of human security.

Marilou Ioakimidis

Previous research has shown that implementing blockchain technology in businesses can lead to more secure and efficient processes in various organizational areas, including human resource management. This review paper examines the use of blockchain in human resources departments from the perspective of transaction cost economics theory, which identifies several fundamental variables that increase transaction costs for firms. These variables include bounded rationality, the pervasive possibility of opportunistic behavior, and uncertainty. The paper explores how blockchain implementation, including blockchain-enabled smart contracts, can mitigate these challenges. The paper also identifies some limitations to using blockchain and smart contracts that may increase transaction costs and thus reduce transaction cost savings.

Keshav Bhattarai, Ambika P. Adhikari

Nepal’s political institutions and administrative units were thoroughly restructured in 2015 with the promulgation of the new Constitution. Several rural areas were combined to meet the definition of urban threshold criteria to classify rural areas into urban categories. Accordingly, over 3,900 local political and administrative units were amalgamated into 753 units, of which, 293 units are classified as urban. Within these newly defined urban areas, many natural environments have been converted into impervious surfaces such as paved roads, sidewalks, and building roofs. These impervious surfaces have drastically increased the amount of surface run-offs—often termed as “urban floods” --under increasing precipitation caused by global climate change. These incidences have negatively impacted to the groundwater recharge processes in the urban areas. Data on groundwater recharge rates are needed in the context of global climate change to understand the status of groundwater recharge processes in the urban areas of Nepal. However, due to various limitations, this study only focuses around the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal to understand: a) how the expansion of urban, peri-urban, and associated areas have resulted in decreasing groundwater recharges; b) how groundwater is affected by the year-to-year variability of precipitation amount (low and high intensity) with the conversion of the natural landscape into built-up areas; and c) how the changing trends in precipitation and evapotranspiration may impact future groundwater availability. This study is based on a review of the literature and the analysis of secondary data available from the government and various social media and authors' professional experiences. The study ends with some recommendations based on experiences from other parts of the world on groundwater recharge processes.

Rahim Dabagh, Sima Sheikhbeiglou

Objective:  Predictive models for diagnosing bankruptcy or financial crisis have been widely discussed in studies and articles in the fields of economics and accounting and have been considered by financial institutions. One of the methods that can be used to help take advantage of investment opportunities and better allocation of resources is to predict financial distress or bankruptcy of companies. So, by providing the necessary warnings, can be alerted companies to the occurrence of financial distress so that according to these warnings they can take appropriate action, Secondly, investors and creditors can identify distinguish investment opportunities from unfavorable opportunities and invest in the right opportunities. Timely foresight can help decision-makers find solutions and prevent bankruptcy. The main aim of the current study is to express, determine and explain the predictive power of bankruptcy and profitability models of Tehran Stock Exchange companies to evaluate their performance and financial status by logistic regression using financial ratios selected by artificial neural network and Fulmer models.   Method: The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. Logistic regression technique was used to test the hypotheses. The results are presented in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. Collection of information from the financial statements of 132 companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012 to 2018. Firstly, the initial classification and processing of information was performed and then Eviews software was used to fit the Fulmer model and Spss26 software was used for the neural network model. Suitable indicators based on the research background in the models include debt-to-equity ratio of shareholders, profit before interest and taxes, total liabilities to assets, receivable accounts ration to sale, net return on assets, long-term debt to assets, working capital, net profit to to sale.   Results: The research results indicates that both artificial neural network and Fulmer models have the ability to detect bankruptcy prediction with different accuracy, but the predictive accuracy of artificial neural network model is higher and has better performance compared to Fulmer model. In the artificial neural network model, the variables of working capital, receivable accounts on sales, net profit on assets, net profit on sales and long-term debt to assets are significant at high level in predicting corporate bankruptcy. Also, among the financial ratios used, the ratio of receivable accounts on sales had the most impact and the debt-to-equity ratio had the least impact on determining bankruptcy among the available variables. Conclusion: The best way is to take preventive measures before the occurrence of financial incapability of companies and in this regard, the result of the present study confirms the use of artificial neural network method to predict the bankruptcy of listed companies. And also, the crtiteria of working capital, net profit on assets, ratio of total debt to total assets and net profit on sales are related to transactions with bankruptcy. That is, the higher the ratio of these ratios, the probability of bankruptcy is lower. Therefore, by issuing the necessary warnings to decision makers and as a result of their actions, companies can be guided in the right direction in order to avoid wasting resources.

Daniel R. Schneider, Tihomir Tomić, Rauno Raal

A deposit refund system of management of packaging waste offers a possibility to ensure sufficient quantities of secondary materials for the production of fully recycled packaging. Such market-based systems have proven themselves with large amounts of collected and recovered waste packaging with a small amount of impurities, but they tend to exhibit high costs if the system is not optimized. Ideally, such a system should operate on a non-profit basis. Therefore, economic drivers are identified and economic analysis, as well as modelling of deposit refund system, is conducted to determine overall system costs. Model is used on the case study of Croatia, in which the system is designed from the beginning, not considering previous developments but the most efficient system design elements. Regarding different costs and revenues of the system, it was calculated that the average fee that producers and importers of the beverage packaging pay for the operation of the system, in an efficient deposit refund system in Croatia would be 1.11 cents EUR per packaging unit (with the return rate of 85%).

Bhoj Raj Pokharel

यो छोटो लेखमा राजनीतिक वित्तका बारेको सामान्य बुझाई र अर्थ, राजनीतिक वित्त व्यवस्थापनको क्रममा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय र नेपालको अभ्यास, खास गरी निर्वाचनको क्रममा निर्वाचन गराउने निकाय, सरकार, सुरक्षा निकाय एवं दल वा उम्मेदवारबाट हुने खर्चको प्रवृत्ति; दल र निर्वाचनको खर्चका लागि हुने अपारदर्शी आम्दानीका स्रोत तथा खर्चले निम्त्याएका विकृति; यसको व्यवस्थापनका लागि भए–गरेका प्रयास तथा तिनबाट देखिएका चुनौती, आदि विषयका बारेमा चर्चा गरिनुका अतिरिक्त यसमा सुधारका लागि प्रणाली, प्रक्रिया, संरचना, व्यवस्थापन र क्षमता विस्तार लगायतका क्षेत्रसँग सम्बन्धित केही सुझावहरू प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । Abstract (in English) This short article appraises the general understanding and meaning of political finance and the international and Nepalese practice in the management of political finance, and assess the trends in expenditure incurred by election bodies, government, security agencies and parties or candidates during the election, and perversions caused by opaque sources of income and expenses of political parties and election expenses. It then assesses the efforts made to manage them and the challenges posed by them, and, based on that, suggests reforms in the system, process, structure, management, and capacity expansion for the management of political finance.

Magdalena Śliwińska

Magdalena Śliwińska

Francesca Castellani, Marcelo Olarreaga, Ugo Panizza et al.

Realizamos una estimación de los déficits de inversión pública en una muestra de países en vías de desarrollo, utilizando una función de demanda de inversión pública. Luego empleamos proyecciones del producto interno bruto (PIB) per cápita, previsiones de transformación estructural y tres metas de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) (pobreza, mortalidad infantil y finalización de la enseñanza secundaria de primer ciclo) para pronosticar las necesidades de inversión pública en 2030 en países de América Latina y el Caribe. Nuestras estimaciones sugieren que en 2015 el déficit total de inversión pública de esos países era de cerca de 170 mil millones de dólares (3,1 % del PIB de la región) y se esperaba que para el año 2030 este superara los 1,4 billones de dólares (12,4 % del PIB de la región) si se alcanzaran los ODS.

Ngurah Pradnya Dharma Putra, Sabihaini ., Tri Mardiana

This study aims to develop the strategy Hospital DKT Dr Soetarto Yogyakarta to know the condition of the external and internal environment, alternative strategies, and priority strategies that can be done. This research is qualitative descriptive survey method. The development strategy is based on the concept of strategic management by using three stages: an input stage, using EFE matrix, IFE matrix, phase matching: using SWOT matrix, IE matrix, and the last stage is the stage of the decision to use a matrix QSPM. The data used is primary data obtained through observation, interviews and questionnaires, and secondary data from the archive documentation and medical records hospital. The results using IE matrix indicates the position of the hospital in a position to grow and build, so alternative strategies generated is incentive strategy and integration strategy, the SWOT matrix generates seven alternative strategies, and in the matrix QSPM, strategic priorities generated by the score allure total (STAS) is the highest obtained by the strategy of building partnerships with other bodies concerned with the improvement of health services.

Hadmiatun Hadmiatun, Sigit Wibowo, Ade Irma Anggraeni

This study deals with discussions about work-family conflict, perceptions of organizational support, work attached to the professional commitment of istiqomaheducational institutions sambas purbalingga. This study took respondents consisting of school teachers who are under the auspices of Sambas traditional educational institutions, namely MI, SMP and MA teachers. The sample obtained in this study was collected by 88 people using probability sampling method with sampling techniques using Proportional Random Sampling. This study uses data analysis using multiple regression analysis. From the results obtained can be concluded from the negative results between work-family conflict with professional commitment but not significantly.

Eka Purwanda, Siti Herni Rochana

Since 2000, monetary policy in Indonesia started to use Inflation Targeting Framework (ITF). To evaluate the performance of the monetary policy, it requires efficiency indicators. The measurement of the efficiency of monetary policy is based on inflation and output variations. This paper formulates a method for measuring the efficiency of monetary policy and applies it in Indonesia. It finds that since the implementation of ITF, the efficiency of monetary policy has not changed significantly. However, the efficiency of monetary policy tends to increase after the full implementation of the ITF framework after 2005 than in the transition period of 2000-2005.

عباسعلی ابونوری, فاطمه جهانگرد, مجتبی زارعی

در این پژوهش به بررسی اثر حجم ذخایر نفتی بر رشد اقتصادی در سه گروه درآمدی از کشورهای با درآمد بالا (استرالیا، آمریکا، انگلیس، دانمارک، نروژ و کانادا)، درآمد متوسط (کلمبیا، مالزی، ایران، گابون، اکوادور و الجزایر) و درآمد پایین (مصر، هند، اندونزی و سوریه) برای دوره 2012-1960، با تأکید بر دموکراسی می‌پردازیم. بدین منظور از الگوی داده‌های تابلویی پویا و روش برآوردگشتاورهای تعمیم یافته (GMM) استفاده کرده‌ایم. برای متغیر وابسته از تولید ناخالص داخلی به قیمت ثابت دلار سال 2005 استفاده کرده و متغیرهای مستقل مدل، حجم ذخایر نفتی، اندازه (هزینه‌های) دولت، دموکراسی یا مشارکت مردم، آزادی تجاری و شاخص قیمت مصرف‌کننده هستند. نتایج برآوردها حاکی از تأیید پدیده نفرین منابع در کشورهای با درآمد متوسط است، ولی این پدیده در کشورهای با درآمد بالا و درآمدپایین رد می­شود

Zlatanović Dejana

The growing importance of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility (CSR) for contemporary organizations demands appropriate holistic tools. The paper highlights how Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), a relevant holistic, i.e., soft systems approach, supports the conceptualization and management of the complex issues of CSR and sustainable development. The SSM’s key methodological tools are used: rich picture, root definitions, and conceptual models. Empirical research compares a selected sample of enterprises in the automotive industry in the Republic of Serbia, to identify possible systemically desirable and culturally feasible changes to improve their CSR behaviour through promoting their sustainable development. Some limitations of this research and of SSM application are discussed. Combining SSM with some other systems approaches, such as System Dynamics or Critical Systems Heuristics, is recommended for future research.

El establecimiento, desarrollo y mantenimiento de relaciones orientadas al largo plazo representa un paso decisivo para alcanzar una ventaja competitiva. Los clientes leales constituyen una de las principales fuentes de rentabilidad de las empresas y se convierten en su activo más valioso. Para gestionar eficientemente las relaciones resulta fundamental identificar los antecedentes del proceso. Nuestro trabajo estudia de manera teórica el papel que juegan los costes de cambio en la formación de relaciones orientadas al largo plazo analizando sus efectos directos e indirectos (a través de la satisfacción y la confianza) sobre dicho proceso.

Rokhedi Priyo Santoso

The rate of deforestation in Indonesia is higher than the world average. The lack of property rights could potentially result in overexploitation on forest resources. This paper argues that the presence of assigned property rights (natural forest concession) would prevent further deforestation in Indonesia. Using panel data estimation, the main result is that natural forest concession is negatively significant in influencing deforestation in Indonesia. This effect is explained by relatively high of the elasticity of deforestation rates with respect to area of assigned natural forest concession accounted for 0.33. This elasticity outweighs the positive significant effect of logs production in worsening deforestation in Indonesia. Keywords: deforestation, property right, natural forest concession, panel data

Belinda Colina Arenas

El objetivo de la investigación es analizar los cambios en los modelos de desarrollo de capacidades dinámicas de innovación en PDVSA-Occidente. Es un estudio descriptivo y analítico. Se revisaron documentos, se realizaron entrevistas y una encuesta. Sus hallazgos consisten en que en las gerencias investigadas se observaron cambios en torno de la concepción o enfoque social, emanado del ejecutivo nacional que PDVSA asume en su carácter de empresa estratégica de Estado. No se observaron cambios en los modelos que apuntan hacia el desarrollo de capacidades innovativas dinámicas avanzadas. No existe la gerencia de conocimiento como práctica organizacional. No hay evidencias que vayan hacia la adecuada conjunción entre capacidades productivas, tecnológicas y de innovación en las gerencias estudiadas en esa empresa.