Imam S. Wahyutama, Madhumita Rano, Henrik R. Larsson
For decades, scientists have studied the intricate charge migration dynamics, where after ionization a localized charge distribution ("hole") migrates across the molecule on a femtosecond timescale. This has the potential for controlling electrons in molecules, yet a comprehensive understanding of the many aspects of charge migration is still missing. In this work, we analyze charge migration using an extension of localized intrinsic bond orbitals (IBOs). These orbitals lead to a compact representation of the dynamics and map the complex, correlated many-electron charge migration to chemical concepts such as curly arrows and orbital-orbital interactions. By analyzing multiple challenging scenarios, we show how IBOs enable us to identify key mechanisms in charge migration. For example, we show that different mechanisms are responsible for converting a $π$-shaped hole to a $σ$-shaped hole and vice versa. We explain these in terms of hyperconjugation interactions and configurations that couple orbitals with different symmetries. We further demonstrate how IBOs can be used to find molecules with high charge migration efficiency. We carry out all simulations using an efficient set up of the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (TDDMRG), correlating as many as 45 electrons in 50 orbitals. We believe that our results will be useful to design future experiments. The proposed IBO analysis is applicable to other types of real-time electron dynamics and spectroscopy.
Recent work has demonstrated that large-scale, multi-animal models are powerful tools for characterizing the relationship between neural activity and behavior. Current large-scale approaches, however, focus exclusively on either predicting neural activity from behavior (encoding) or predicting behavior from neural activity (decoding), limiting their ability to capture the bidirectional relationship between neural activity and behavior. To bridge this gap, we introduce a multimodal, multi-task model that enables simultaneous Neural Encoding and Decoding at Scale (NEDS). Central to our approach is a novel multi-task-masking strategy, which alternates between neural, behavioral, within-modality, and cross-modality masking. We pretrain our method on the International Brain Laboratory (IBL) repeated site dataset, which includes recordings from 83 animals performing the same visual decision-making task. In comparison to other large-scale models, we demonstrate that NEDS achieves state-of-the-art performance for both encoding and decoding when pretrained on multi-animal data and then fine-tuned on new animals. Surprisingly, NEDS's learned embeddings exhibit emergent properties: even without explicit training, they are highly predictive of the brain regions in each recording. Altogether, our approach is a step towards a foundation model of the brain that enables seamless translation between neural activity and behavior.
This study aims to explore the factors contributing mental health of Afghan migrants residing in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. With a deep understanding of the unique challenges encountered by migrants, especially during times of crisis, this research delves into the influential factors of experienced anxiety, social cohesion, and stress and their significant contribution to the development of depression among Afghan migrants. The study included a sample of 469 individuals from the Afghan migrant community, aged 15 to 80 years. Data collection took place from December to March 2022 in Iran. The study revealed that anxiety and the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced the occurrence of depression among Afghan migrants. Furthermore, the relationship between these factors and depression was mediated by the experience of stress. Conversely, higher levels of perceived social cohesion in the host country were linked to reduced stress and depression among the migrants. As Afghan migrants in Iran face a heightened risk of developing depression, the importance of social support and integration is underscored by the association between higher levels of perceived social cohesion in the host country and reduced levels of stress and depression. Recognizing the vulnerabilities of this population, it becomes evident that fostering social support networks and promoting integration can play a crucial role in mitigating the negative impact of migration-related stressors and enhancing mental wellbeing among this population.
Public aspects of medicine, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
O artigo propõe uma análise de documentos do ACNUR e OIM sobre povos indígenas refugiados e migrantes oriundos da Venezuela para o Brasil a partir de duas perguntas fundamentais: o que se representa como sendo o ‘problema’ dos povos indígenas refugiados e migrantes e suas ‘soluções’? Que pressupostos e silenciamentos subjazem essas formas de representação? Para responder às perguntas, se utiliza um referencial teórico baseado em estudos pós-estruturalistas do discurso em RI. Em termos metodológicos, se utiliza a “abordagem WPR – what’s the problem represented to be?”. Como resultado, são identificados três formas de representação de problemas/soluções: (1) o ‘problema’ da vulnerabilidade e a ‘solução’ da categorização jurídica e responsabilização do Estado; (2) o ‘problema’ do deslocamento desordenado e a ‘solução’ do abrigamento temporário; e (3) um ‘problema’ eminentemente urbano com ‘solução’ na capacitação para inserção no mercado de trabalho. Argumenta-se, então, que essas representações estão sujeitas a reproduzir pressupostos e silenciamentos próprios de lógicas tutelares, assimilacionistas e coloniais.
International relations, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Miguel F. Arevalo-Castiblanco, Eduardo Mojica-Nava and, César A. Uribe
We propose a robust adaptive online synchronization method for leader-follower networks of nonlinear heterogeneous agents with system uncertainties and input magnitude saturation. Synchronization is achieved using a Distributed input Magnitude Saturation Adaptive Control with Reinforcement Learning (DMSAC-RL), which improves the empirical performance of policies trained on off-the-shelf models using Reinforcement Learning (RL) strategies. The leader observes the performance of a reference model, and followers observe the states and actions of the agents they are connected to, but not the reference model. The leader and followers may differ from the reference model in which the RL control policy was trained. DMSAC-RL uses an internal loop that adjusts the learned policy for the agents in the form of augmented input to solve the distributed control problem, including input-matched uncertainty parameters. We show that the synchronization error of the heterogeneous network is Uniformly Ultimately Bounded (UUB). Numerical analysis of a network of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems supports our theoretical findings.
Meta computing is a new computing paradigm that aims to efficiently utilize all network computing resources to provide fault-tolerant, personalized services with strong security and privacy guarantees. It also seeks to virtualize the Internet as many meta computers. In meta computing, tasks can be assigned to containers at edge nodes for processing, based on container images with multiple layers. The dynamic and resource-constrained nature of meta computing environments requires an optimal container migration strategy for mobile users to minimize latency. However, the problem of container migration in meta computing has not been thoroughly explored. To address this gap, we present low-latency, layer-aware container migration strategies that consider both proactive and passive migration. Specifically: 1) We formulate the container migration problem in meta computing, taking into account layer dependencies to reduce migration costs and overall task duration by considering four delays. 2) We introduce a reinforcement learning algorithm based on policy gradients to minimize total latency by identifying layer dependencies for action selection, making decisions for both proactive and passive migration. Expert demonstrations are introduced to enhance exploitation. 3) Experiments using real data trajectories show that the algorithm outperforms baseline algorithms, achieving lower total latency.
The acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk has spurred controversy and uncertainty among Twitter users. The move raised as many praises as concerns, particularly regarding Musk's views on free speech. As a result, a large number of Twitter users have looked for alternatives to Twitter. Mastodon, a decentralized micro-blogging social network, has attracted the attention of many users and the general media. In this paper, we track and analyze the migration of 136,009 users from Twitter to Mastodon. Our analysis sheds light on the user-driven pressure towards centralization in a decentralized ecosystem and identifies the strong influence of the social network in platform migration. We also characterize the activity of migrated users on both Twitter and Mastodon.
Kelly Bogaert, Elianna Kaplowitz, Sara Wagner
et al.
Introduction: Over 25,000 individuals are granted asylum status in the United States annually. Gender-based violence (GBV) has historically been supported as a claim for persecution to apply for asylum. In women, GBV is a known risk factor for sexually transmitted infections, poor mental health, and worse perinatal outcomes. Less is known about the links between GBV, asylum seekers, and gynecologic outcomes or care utilization. Reported rates of gynecologic care-seeking are low in asylum-seeking women and women with histories of GBV often experience barriers to care. We hypothesized that asylum-seeking women with a history of GBV at the Libertas Center, a comprehensive center for survivors of torture in New York City, would receive low rates of recommended gynecologic screening and infrequent gynecologic care. Materials and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included adult self-identified female patients who had completed intake at the Libertas Center from 2005-2020. In order to examine the relationship between GBV and gynecologic care use, patients were included if they had an electronic medical record (EMR) at Elmhurst Hospital, were female, 18 years of age and older, and had ever experienced GBV in their lifetime. EMRs were reviewed for medical and psychiatric diagnoses as well as routine components of gynecologic care and were linked to intake data from the Libertas Center characterizing patients’ torture history. The primary outcome of this study was whether or not patients attended a gynecology visit. Demographic characteristics, medical histories, adequacy of gynecologic care, and gynecologic care-seeking behavior were compared between the gynecologic care group and the no gynecologic care group. Results: A total of 249 female patients were seen at the Libertas Center from December 2005 until January 2020 at the time of data collection. The prevalence of GBV in this population was 48%. Among women who suffered GBV, 81 received medical care at Elmhurst Hospital and 44 (54%) received gynecologic care. Nearly 50% of those patients who sought care at Elmhurst carried a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder or depression. Women who received gynecologic care were significantly more likely than those who did not receive gynecologic care to have had an Emergency Room visit (68% vs. 41%), an obstetric visit (32% vs 3%), and/or have been seen by a social worker (46% vs 24%; all p < 0.05). Women who saw a gynecologist were significantly more likely to have completed four basic gynecologic care measures (Pap smear, gonorrhea/chlamydia screen, pelvic exam, and mammogram if applicable) compared to women who did not (77% vs 8%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study characterizes the gynecologic care utilization of female patients within a comprehensive care center for survivors of torture. We found a high lifetime rate of gender-based violence of 48% in this population. Adequate gynecologic care was uncommon among those who experienced GBV. However, gynecologic care was significantly more likely in patients receiving gynecologic specialty care, which frequently occurred after initial interaction with another provider (i.e. Emergency Department providers). These findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed care and establishing pathways to help asylum seeking and refugee women receive adequate gynecologic care. Further research is needed to explore specific barriers to gynecologic care in this population, how programs for asylum-seekers can integrate gynecologic care into existing structures for medical and mental healthcare, and how to increase awareness amongst providers on the prevalence of GBV and the gynecologic needs of these patients.
Public aspects of medicine, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Language, itself, as a source of communication, can also be a form of establishing an identity and setting barriers to communication. This article presents one example of such barriers in a major national language; that of the Vietnamese. The Vietnamese language is one of the markers of identity that Vietnamese often claim as the distinguishing feature of their culture, particularly its use of tone. As an assimilative culture changing rapidly with absorption into the global, urban economy, the Vietnamese language is now one of the only fixed identity markers of the Vietnamese. This may be why the Vietnamese now seek to establish it as a symbol and a barrier. This piece, by an American anthropologist, critically examines the Vietnamese perception of their language and its role among other identity markers in creating boundaries between Vietnamese and outsiders.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration, Sociology (General)
ABSTRACT
The economic fallout of the coronavirus pandemic could be minimised by social protection instruments such as unemployment insurance and distress relief grants. This paper assesses the ability of refugees and asylum seekers to access these instruments in South Africa. In general, the bureaucratic system of asylum documentation acts as a barrier to access social protection, as exemplified by the administration of the Unemployment Insurance Fund and the Social Relief of Distress grants during the pandemic. While this problem has traditionally been articulated in terms of equality and socio-economic rights, this paper proposes that asylum administration should also be prioritised as a disaster preparedness and management infrastructure, as well as an essential service. This is to ensure refugees and asylum seekers’ need for protection is not neglected in a disaster.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
This paper proposes a novel secure live virtual machine migration framework by using a virtual trusted platform module instance to improve the integrity of the migration process from one virtual machine to another on the same platform. The proposed framework, called Kororā, is designed and developed on a public infrastructure-as-a-service cloud-computing environment and runs concurrently on the same hardware components (Input/Output, Central Processing Unit, Memory) and the same hypervisor (Xen); however, a combination of parameters needs to be evaluated before implementing Kororā. The implementation of Kororā is not practically feasible in traditional distributed computing environments. It requires fixed resources with high-performance capabilities, connected through a high-speed, reliable network. The following research objectives were determined to identify the integrity features of live virtual machine migration in the cloud system: To understand the security issues associated with cloud computing, virtual trusted platform modules, virtualization, live virtual machine migration, and hypervisors; To identify the requirements for the proposed framework, including those related to live VM migration among different hypervisors; To design and validate the model, processes, and architectural features of the proposed framework; To propose and implement an end-to-end security architectural blueprint for cloud environments, providing an integrated view of protection mechanisms, and then to validate the proposed framework to improve the integrity of live VM migration. This is followed by a comprehensive review of the evaluation system architecture and the proposed framework state machine. The overarching aim of this paper, therefore, is to present a detailed analysis of the cloud computing security problem, from the perspective of cloud architectures and the cloud... [Abridged]
Background: Microservices migrations are challenging and expensive projects with many decisions that need to be made in a multitude of dimensions. Existing research tends to focus on technical issues and decisions (e.g., how to split services). Equally important organizational or business issues and their relations with technical aspects often remain out of scope or on a high level of abstraction. Aims: In this study, we aim to holistically chart the decision-making that happens on all dimensions of a migration project towards microservices (including, but not limited to, the technical dimension). Method: We investigate 16 different migration cases in a grounded theory interview study, with 19 participants that recently migrated towards microservices. This study strongly focuses on the human aspects of a migration, through stakeholders and their decisions. Results: We identify 3 decision-making processes consisting of 22decision-points and their alternative options. The decision-points are related to creating stakeholder engagement and assessing feasibility, technical implementation, and organizational restructuring. Conclusions: Our study provides an initial theory of decision-making in migrations to microservices. It also outfits practitioners with a roadmap of which decisions they should be prepared to make and at which point in the migration.
O presente texto tem como objetivo compreender as estruturas de racialização e exclusão social conferidos a população negra. Através de um inquérito e de um processo crime do início do século XX na Comarca de Palmas/PR, e com auxílio de fontes disponíveis online no Arquivo Público do Paraná, outras disponíveis no arquivo do IFPR/Palmas e na Cúria Diocesana de Palmas como os livros de batismo, casamento e óbito, desvelamos como um indivíduo negro desaparece, ossadas são encontradas, mas ninguém é responsabilizado pelo suposto crime. As fontes judiciais envolvem diretamente Jeronymoe Carlos Romback. O estudo de caso aqui apresentado revela como racismo fora se constituindo no pós-abolição e impediu que milhares de homens e mulheres negros/as a cessassem direitos básicos, como o registro civil e a liberdade de ir e vir.
Low-mass planets that are in the process of growing larger within protoplanetary disks exchange torques with the disk and change their semi-major axis accordingly. This process is called type I migration and is strongly dependent on the underlying disk structure. As a result, there are many uncertainties about planetary migration in general. In a number of simulations, the current type I migration rates lead to planets reaching the inner edge of the disk within the disk lifetime. A new kind of torque exchange between planet and disk, the thermal torque, aims to slow down inward migration via the heating torque. The heating torque may even cause planets to migrate outwards, if the planetary luminosity is large enough. Here, we study the influence on planetary migration of the thermal torque on top of previous type I models. We find that the formula of Paardekooper et al. (2011) allows for more outward migration than that of Jiménez & Masset (2017) in most configurations, but we also find that planets evolve to very similar mass and final orbital radius using both formulae in a single planet-formation scenario, including pebble and gas accretion. Adding the thermal torque can introduce new, but small, regions of outwards migration if the accretion rates onto the planet correspond to typical solid accretion rates following the pebble accretion scenario. If the accretion rates onto the planets become very large, as could be the case in environments with large pebble fluxes (e.g., high-metallicity environments), the thermal torque can allow more efficient outward migration. However, even then, the changes for the final mass and orbital positions in our planet formation scenario are quite small. This implies that for single planet evolution scenarios, the influence of the heating torque is probably negligible.
The essay provides a review of contestable demographic reasoning applied in relation to migration and mobility, in which the notion of the national population as a closed and bounded system still persists. Although free movement of people has been enshrined as one of the fundamental principles of the European Union, their mobility within it remains selective and curtailed in various ways. Drawing on selected studies of labour mobility and migration within the European Union, the authors argue that labour mobility and migration policies continue to categorise people as either more or less entitled to move across the European Union’s internal borders.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
The planet migration due to the disk--planet interaction is one of the most important processes to determine the architecture of planetary systems. A sufficiently massive planet forms a density gap and migrates together with the gap. By carrying out two-dimensional and two-fluid (gas and dust grains) hydrodynamic simulations, we investigated the effects of the dust feedback on the migration of the gap-opening planet, which was not considered in previous studies. We found that the gas surface density at the outer edge of the gap becomes smaller due to the dust feedback, and thus the torque exerted from the outer disk decreases. This mechanism becomes effective as the gap becomes wider and deeper. In particular, when the mass of the planet is Jupiter-size and turbulent viscosity is $α= 3\times 10^{-4}$, the planet can migrate outward due to the reduction of the torque exerted from the outer disk. Even for a smaller planet, the migration becomes significantly slow down. This termination of the inward migration triggered by the dust feedback may explain why ring and gap structures can be frequently observed within the protoplanetary disks.
Based on a mixed-methods approach using the 2006–2007 Morocco Living Standards Measurement Survey and qualitative interviews, this article examines the distinct roles that international migration and remittances play in female labor force participation (FLFP) in origin-country households and discusses the implications in terms of women’s empowerment. We find that having an emigrant among household members increases FLFP for a given household, while receiving remittances decreases it. However, these effects are significant only for unpaid family work, that is, a category of work unlikely to lead to any form of economic empowerment. Although previous studies sometimes hypothesized that emigration could drive gender-sensitive development at origin, the quantitative and fieldwork findings suggest that, while paid work remains a route to female empowerment, predominantly male emigration is unlikely to play a positive role in supporting women’s access to income-generating activities in a society characterized by strong patriarchal gender norms and poor job opportunities.
Cristiano Viana Abrantes, Dietlinde Clara Rothert, Giane Maria de Souza
Este artigo analisa as múltiplas variáveis dos sentidos históricos nos processos de tombamentos e inventariamentos do patrimônio cultural de Joinville, Santa Catarina, no conjunto de suas políticas públicas. O texto reflete a criação da Lei Municipal nº1773/1980 que institui a Comissão do Patrimônio Histórico Artístico, Arqueológico e Natural (COMPHAN) e a criação da Fundação Cultural de Joinville (FCJ) em 1982, atual Secretaria de Cultura e Turismo (Secult) e da Coordenação do Patrimônio Cultural (CPC) em 1997 e os processos interrompidos e inacabados de algumas políticas públicas. Analisa à luz do tempo presente, a incumbência legal da CPC e da Secult, considerando os atores, os lugares, os bens culturais e os conceitos de patrimonialização constantemente reconfigurados nestes processos históricos por técnicos, sociedade civil, políticas de gestão, historiadores e investigadores da área. Ao refletir sobre as disputas e tensões no campo patrimonial, evidencia-se distintos interesses da sociedade civil e do Estado, contrastados e mediados por técnicos, gestores e historiadores e deliberados pela COMPHAN.