Hasil untuk "q-bio.SC"

M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson et al.

with small, protruding marginal tubercles. Abdominal dorsum with large marginal sclerites on tergites II-IV and small postsiphuncular ones in addition to the sclerites developed in apterae. The scleroites on tergites I-III and VII usually into small plates and sometimes transversal bars. Abdominal tergite VIII usually with 4, rarely 5 hairs. Antennae 0.93-0.99 of body length. Processus terminalis 4.2-5.1 times as long as base of segment VI. Secondary rhinaria 46-70 on the whole length of segment III and sometimes 3-5 on basal half of segment IV. Ultimate rostral segment with 5 or 6 subsidiary hairs. Cauda with 16-17 hairs only. Other characters as in apterous viviparous female.

James Holehouse

For the canonical two-state model of transcription, we derive exact analytic expressions for the entropy production rate of transcription at steady state, and assess detailed balance breaking in transcription. Our analytics allow us to easily evaluate the entropy production rate of thousands of genes across seven datasets of two-state model parameters without needing to evaluate the entropy production rate from trajectory-based computation. A data-driven approach then exposes that most genes avoid parameter regimes associated with large entropy production rates, akin to a mesoscopic version of energy expenditure minimization. Importantly, we show that this is not a thermodynamic phenomenon, since the entropy production rate from the two state gene model provides only a weak bound on the housekeeping energy needed to power transcription. Finally, we show that cell-to-cell variability can make mRNA expression seem more or less irreversible than a ``representative cell'' would imply.

Rédoane Daoudi

This is the second part of the previous review. In the previous review we suspected that Orai3 channels were involved in lung cancer and more precisely in several cancers. Here we confirm that calcium dysregulation is important for cancer development. in this paper we show that Orai3 is an upstream activator of AKT and we prove that AKT is involved in chemoresistance in NSCLC.

V. Khachatryan, A. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan et al.

A bstractThe spectra of charged particles produced within the pseudorapidity window |η| 20 GeV, RpA exhibits weak momentum dependence and shows a moderate enhancement above unity.

M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, G. Ambrosi et al.

AMS-02 is wide acceptance high-energy physics experiment installed on the International Space Station in May 2011 and operating continuously since then. AMS-02 is able to precisely separate cosmic rays light nuclei (1≤ Z ≤ 8) with contaminations less than 10−3. The light nuclei cosmic ray Boron to Carbon flux ratio is very well known sensitive observable for the understanding of the propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy, being Boron a secondary product of spallation on the interstellar medium of heavier primary elements such as Carbon and Oxygen. A precision measurement based on 10 million events of the Boron to Carbon ratio in the rigidity range from 2 GV to 1.8 TV is presented.

R. Gibson, W. Boden, P. Théroux et al.

Matthias Schmidt, Jan Kierfeld

We introduce and parameterize a chemomechanical model of microtubule dynamics on the dimer level, which is based on the allosteric tubulin model and includes attachment, detachment and hydrolysis of tubulin dimers as well as stretching of lateral bonds, bending at longitudinal junctions, and the possibility of lateral bond rupture and formation. The model is computationally efficient such that we reach sufficiently long simulation times to observe repeated catastrophe and rescue events at realistic tubulin concentrations and hydrolysis rates, which allows us to deduce catastrophe and rescue rates. The chemomechanical model also allows us to gain insight into microscopic features of the GTP-tubulin cap structure and microscopic structural features triggering microtubule catastrophes and rescues. Dilution simulations show qualitative agreement with experiments. We also explore the consequences of a possible feedback of mechanical forces onto the hydrolysis process and the GTP-tubulin cap structure.

R. Haring, M. Ohmacht, T. Fox et al.

A. Klassen, S. Cano, A. Scott et al.

Lijin Shu, J. C. Nesheim, K. Kauffmann et al.

Haym Benaroya

We review current thinking about, and draw connections between, brain energetics and metabolism, mitochondria and traumatic brain injury. In addition to summarizing current thinking in these disciplines, our goal is to suggest a framework for mechanisms and pathways based on optimal energetic decisions.

M. Wegdam-Blans, L. Kampschreur, C. Delsing et al.

W. V. D. Hoek, F. Dijkstra, B. Schimmer et al.

Since the steady rise in human cases which started in 2007, Q fever has become a major public health problem in the Netherlands with 2,357 human cases notified in the year 2009. Ongoing research confirms that abortion waves on dairy goat farms are the primary source of infection for humans, primarily affecting people living close (under 5 km) to such a dairy goat farm. To reverse the trend of the last three years, drastic measures have been implemented, including the large-scale culling of pregnant goats on infected farms.

S. Cano, A. Klassen, A. Scott et al.

A. Mehnert, P. Herschbach, Petra Berg et al.

Manos Mavrakis

Functional studies in Drosophila have been key for establishing a role for the septin family of proteins in animal cell division and thus extending for the first time observations from the budding yeast to animal cells. Visualizing the distribution of specific septins in different Drosophila tissues and, in particular, in the Drosophila embryo, together with biochemical and mutant phenotype data, has contributed important advances to our understanding of animal septin biology, suggesting roles in processes other than in cytokinesis. Septin localization using immunofluorescence assays has been possible due to the generation of antibodies against different Drosophila septins. The recent availability of lines expressing fluorescent protein fusions of specific septins further promises to facilitate studies on septin dynamics. Here, we provide protocols for preparing early Drosophila embryos to visualize septins using immunofluorescence assays and live fluorescence microscopy. The genetic tractability of the Drosophila embryo together with its amenability to high-resolution fluorescence microscopy promises to provide novel insights into animal septin structure and function.

G. Spuhler, R. Paschotta, R. Fluck et al.

Stephanie Portet, Anotida Madzvamuse, Andy Chung et al.

Keratin are among the most abundant proteins in epithelial cells. Functions of the keratin network in cells are shaped by their dynamical organization. Using a collection of experimentally-driven mathematical models, different hypotheses for the turnover and transport of the keratin material in epithelial cells are tested. The interplay between turnover and transport and their effects on the keratin organization in cells are hence investigated by combining mathematical modeling and experimental data. Amongst the collection of mathematical models considered, a best model strongly supported by experimental data is identified. Fundamental to this approach is the fact that optimal parameter values associated with the best fit for each model are established. The best candidate among the best fits is characterized by the disassembly of the assembled keratin material in the perinuclear region and an active transport of the assembled keratin. Our study shows that an active transport of the assembled keratin is required to explain the experimentally observed keratin organization.

Gao-De Li

It is well known that cyclins are a family of proteins that control cell-cycle progression by activating cyclin-dependent kinase. Based on our experimental results, we propose here a novel hypothesis that certain amplified genomic-DNA fragments (AGFs) may also be required for the cell cycle progression of eukaryotic cells and thus can be named as cell-cycle-associated AGFs (CAGFs). Like fluctuation in cyclin levels during cell cycle progression, these CAGFs are amplified and degraded at different points of the cell cycle. The functions of CAGFs are unknown, but we speculate that CAGFs might be involved in regulation of gene expression, genome protection, and formation of certain macromolecular complexes required for the dynamic genome architecture during cell cycle progression. Our experimental results also show that chloroquine induces the production of CAGFs in Plasmodium falciparum, suggesting that targeting cell cycle progression can be the primary mechanism of chloroquine's antimalarial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory actions.

I. Karagiannis, B. Schimmer, A. Lier et al.