This report for the attention of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA) makes a scientific contribution in the context of postulate 22.4411 "Digital Sovereignty Strategy for Switzerland" by Councillor of States Heidi Z'graggen. The report shows what digital sovereignty means from a technological perspective and what activities are currently being carried out in this regard in Switzerland and abroad. It also provides strategic directions and specific recommendations for a future "Swiss Digital Sovereignty Strategy".
We argue that the trend toward providing users with feasible and actionable explanations of AI decisions, known as recourse explanations, comes with ethical downsides. Specifically, we argue that recourse explanations face several conceptual pitfalls and can lead to problematic explanation hacking, which undermines their ethical status. As an alternative, we advocate that explanations of AI decisions should aim at understanding.
ETHICS is probably the most-cited dataset for testing the ethical capabilities of language models. Drawing on moral theory, psychology, and prompt evaluation, we interrogate the validity of the ETHICS benchmark. Adding to prior work, our findings suggest that having a clear understanding of ethics and how it relates to empirical phenomena is key to the validity of ethics evaluations for AI.
AI-generated answers to conventional search queries dramatically increase the energy consumption. By our estimates, energy demand increase by 60-70 times. This is a based on an updated estimate of energy consumption for conventional search and recent work on the energy demand of queries to the BLOOM model, a 176B parameter model, and OpenAI's GPT-3, which is of similar complexity.
Many companies are now looking towards offshore vendors to fulfill their outsourcing requirements. With this growth, we have seen particular countries such as India dominate the offshoring market, and this paper will examine what type of role the reputation of a particular offshoring country has on the decision making process of firms looking to offshore.
The use of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum in performing online transactions has been on the rise in the world. Africa as a continent is not left out in the adoption of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. This paper explores the prospects and challenges of developing a cryptocurrency in Rwanda which we denote Rwandacoin. In addition, the paper discusses the potentials of Rwandacoin easing intercountry trading in East Africa.
Today functional programming languages are seen as a practical solution to the difficult problems of concurrent and distributed programming. Erlang is a functional language designed to build massively scalable and fault tolerant applications. This paper describes the authors' experiences delivering a massively online open course (MOOC) on the FutureLearn platform.
Financial crime is a rampant but hidden threat. In spite of this, predictive policing systems disproportionately target "street crime" rather than white collar crime. This paper presents the White Collar Crime Early Warning System (WCCEWS), a white collar crime predictive model that uses random forest classifiers to identify high risk zones for incidents of financial crime.
In this paper, we argue for the adoption of a normative definition of fairness within the machine learning community. After characterizing this definition, we review the current literature of Fair ML in light of its implications. We end by suggesting ways to incorporate a broader community and generate further debate around how to decide what is fair in ML.
This report is a high-level summary analysis of the 2017 GitHub Open Source Survey dataset, presenting frequency counts, proportions, and frequency or proportion bar plots for every question asked in the survey.
World Wide Consortium (W3C) as an standard setting organization for the world wide web plays a very important role in shaping the web. We focus on the ongoing controversy related to Encrypted Media Extensions (EME) and found that there was a serious lack of participation from people from non western countries. We also found serious lack of gender diversity in the EME debate.
In this short paper we consider the problem of monitoring physical activity in the smart house. The authors suggested a simple device that allows medical staff and relatives to monitor the activity for older adults living alone. This sensor monitors the switching-on of electrical devices. The fact of switching is seen as confirmation of physical activity. It is confirmed by SMS notifications to observers.
Today dropshipping wins the Internet promptly and transformed to one of the basic tools of marketing in e-commerce. Marketing features, mechanisms and value dropshipping in the conditions of network economy of the XXI century reveal in article. The author carries out the comparative analysis of institutional development dropshipping in the USA, China and Russia.
The objectives of this research were to study FB implementation and attitudes in developing English writing skills of Thai students studying in the first year students program in EIC academic year 1/2014 at RMUTI, Surin Campus. The Purposive sampling was designed for data collecting. The instruments for this research were questionnaires and in-depth questions. The data analysis was analyzed by the Descriptive statistics to find out the value of the frequency and percentage.