Fatima Mohamud Ahmed, Fatima Mohamud Ahmed, Abdifetah Ibrahim Omar
et al.
BackgroundDespite global advancements in reproductive healthcare, the utilization of modern contraceptives in Somalia remains critically low, marked by significant regional and sociodemographic disparities. This study assessed the prevalence and identified key predictors of modern contraceptive use among Somali women of reproductive age using data from the 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS).MethodsA nationally representative cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a sample of 2,704 women aged 15–49 years. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives.ResultsThe majority of participants were aged 26 years or older (57.6%), resided in urban areas (85.1%), and belonged to the highest wealth quintile (62.4%). The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among the study participants was exceptionally low at 1.8%. The most commonly reported methods were oral contraceptive pills (0.6%) and implants (0.2%), while the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) was minimal (0.04%). A significant gap in exposure to family planning information was observed, with only 13.6% of women reported to have received it at health facilities. Key predictors for modern contraceptive use included the age of the women and exposure to family planning education at a health facility. Women aged 26 years and older demonstrated significantly higher odds of using contraception compared to their younger counterparts [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 10.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.39–42.97]. Furthermore, women who received family planning information from health facilities were twice as likely to use modern contraceptive methods (AOR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.02–3.88).ConclusionThe findings underscore an urgent need to enhance both the accessibility and knowledge of modern contraceptives in Somalia. Targeted interventions focusing on health facility-based education and expanding the limited variety of available contraceptive methods are crucial to improving uptake and addressing the reproductive health needs of Somali women.
Irene López-Ferreruela, Irene López-Ferreruela, Antonio Gimeno-Miguel
et al.
IntroductionSecondary prevention after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has the objective of improving quality of life, minimizing recurrence, and reducing morbidity and mortality. Despite European guidelines highlighting the importance of cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) management and optimal healthcare utilization, inequalities persist, particularly between genders. This study aims to identify and analyze gender inequalities in healthcare utilization and CVRF monitoring during the first year after AMI using real-world data (RWD).MethodsAn analytical study was conducted within the CARhES (CArdiovascular Risk factors for Health Services research) cohort in Aragon, Spain. The study population included 3,464 subjects who survived a first AMI and were followed for one full year after the event. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical data, healthcare utilization, CVRF monitoring and pharmacological prescriptions, were extracted from the Aragon Health Service. Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests, Student's t-tests, and logistic regression, with Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition applied to explore possible explanatory factors for gender differences.ResultsWomen represented 28.3% of the study population. Compared with men, they were older and had a higher morbidity burden. Primary care utilization was similar between genders; however, women had fewer cardiology visits (p < 0.001) and were less likely to achieve risk factor monitoring goals. Differences were also observed in pharmacological treatment, with women being less likely to receive beta-blockers, lipid modifying agents, and antiplatelet agents (p < 0.001). Several of these inequalities persisted after controlling for age. The Oaxaca decomposition showed that age and morbidity burden were the main contributors to gender disparities. In addition, socioeconomic status and place of residence played a role in health services utilization differences.ConclusionsGender inequalities are still present in post-AMI care and CVRF management, with women being more likely to receive less adequate treatment and management. Addressing these inequalities is crucial to ensuring equitable care and improving health outcomes for women.
Ritik Agrawal, Manisha Mishra, Tanveer Rehman
et al.
Evidence from various studies on modern contraceptive methods shows that the utilization varies greatly. The present study aimed to estimate the magnitude and determinants for temporary modern contraceptive utilization among reproductive-aged (15-49 years) women in India. We analysed National Family Health Survey-5 data using the “svyset” command in STATA software. Modern contraception utilization was estimated using the weighted prevalence, and its correlates were assessed by multivariable regression by reporting an adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). QGIS 3.2.1 software was used for spatial analysis of different temporary modern contraceptives. The mean (SD) age of 359,825 respondents was 31.6 (8.5) years with 75.1% (n = 270,311) and 49.2% (n = 177,165) of them being from rural area and having completed education up to secondary school, respectively. The overall utilization of modern temporary contraception was 66.1% [95%CI: 65.90–66.35, n = 237,953]. Multigravida (vs. nulligravida) [aPR = 2.13 (1.98–2.30)], higher education of husband (vs. not educated) [aPR = 1.20 (1.14–1.27)], urban (vs. rural) [aPR = 1.06 (1.03–1.10)], watching television less than once a week (vs. not at all) [aPR = 1.04 (1.01–1.08)], divorced (vs. married) [aPR = 0.65 (0.45–0.94)], and Scheduled Tribe (ST) (vs. unreserved) [aPR = 0.92 (0.88–0.96)] were significant independent determinants. The highest utilization of male condoms, IUCDs, pills and injections were in Himachal Pradesh (86%), Nagaland (64%), Tripura (85%), and Ladakh (20%), respectively. Out of every ten reproductive-aged (15–49 years) women in India, six are using temporary modern contraceptive methods. More intervention strategies should be planned, considering factors like gravida, education, residence, health promotion and caste to attain replacement fertility level.
Laura Hallam, Laura Hallam, Briar L. McKenzie
et al.
The field of sex and gender research in health and medicine is growing, and many early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) are developing skills in this area. As EMCRs specialising in sex and gender research, we aim to better understand sex- and gender-based determinants of human health, challenge long-standing and pervasive gender biases, and contribute to improving the evidence base upon which clinical guidelines and policy interventions are developed. To effectively achieve these goals, we believe that EMCRs would benefit from understanding the challenges of working in this space and participate in driving change in three key areas. First, in creating greater links between the goals of sex and gender research and addressing systemic bias against women and gender minorities, to effectively translate knowledge about sex and gender differences into improved health outcomes. Second, in expanding the reach of sex and gender research to address women's health in an intersectional way and ensure that it also benefits the health of men, transgender and gender-diverse people and those who are intersex. Third, in working with others in the scientific community to improve methods for sex and gender research, including updating data collection practises, ensuring appropriate statistical analyses and shifting scientific culture to recognise the importance of null findings. By improving focus on these three areas, we see greater potential to translate this research to improve women's health and reduce health inequities for all.
Resumen El término transexualismo es acuñado en 1948 por Harry Benjamin, pero los comportamientos rupturistas en el ámbito de género han sido documentados desde épocas tan antiguas como la Grecia clásica. En este trabajo se crea una línea temporal que refleja la evolución y los grandes hitos logrados por el colectivo trans* a lo largo del tiempo, tanto desde una perspectiva activista-social como médico-psiquiátrica, analizando los eventos más relevantes desde los años 20 hasta la actualidad.
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسۀ شناخت اجتماعی و ترس از ارزیابی منفی در زنان متقاضی طلاق و عادی با کنترل طول مدت ازدواج و وضعیت اجتماعی اقتصادی بود. تحقیق حاضر، توصیفی از نوع پسرویدادی و جامعۀ آماری آن کلیۀ زنان متقاضی طلاق و عادی شهرستان بهبهان بودند که از بین آنها 50 زن متقاضی طلاق و 50 زن عادی با روش نمونهگیری در دسترس به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری دادهها از آزمون ذهنخوانی از روی تصویر چشم و مقیاس ترس از ارزیابی منفی استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از شاخصهای آماری توصیفی (میانگین و انحراف معیار) و تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیری استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل کواریانس چند متغیری با سطح معناداری(005/0p<) نشان داد که بین زنان متقاضی طلاق و عادی در متغیرهای شناخت اجتماعی و ترس از ارزیابی منفی تفاوت وجود دارد. بعد از کنترل طول مدت ازدواج و وضعیت اجتماعی اقتصادی، شناخت اجتماعی در زنان متقاضی طلاق پایینتر از زنان عادی و ترس از ارزیابی منفی در آنها بالاتر از زنان عادی بهدست آمد. با در نظر گرفتن نتایج پژوهش، توجه ویژه به ماهیت و کیّفیت پردازشهای شناختی و هیجانی در موفقیت زناشویی زوجهای جوان پیشنهاد میشود.
Este texto es el resultado de la investigación doctoral realizada por Estibaliz de Miguel Calvo en la Universidad del País Vasco. Con este libro, la socióloga feminista devuelve a la sociedad la sabiduría producida por «aquellas mujeres que carecen de las condiciones sociales y culturales para florecer». Los testimonios de estas mujeres –encarceladas en la hoy desmantelada prisión de Nanclares de Oca– muestran el valor que exige vivir en la cárcel, en el marco de una sociedad patriarcal especialmente punitiva con las mujeres más vulnerables. La relevancia de esta investigación es, también, el haberse centrado en los márgenes del interés académico usual (mujeres encarceladas, emociones, experiencias), pero no tanto en los márgenes de la vida, porque, en realidad, las vidas tienen por protagonistas a los sentimientos y vulnerabilidad humanas en sus diversos formatos. Se trata, por tanto, de una investigación con una motivación de profundo carácter feminista.
Algunas personas sienten que su identidad sexual o de género no encaja en las categorías binarias disponibles, sus vidas están invisibilizadas y sus necesidades no están sufcientemente exploradas. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con diez personas, abordamos sus experiencias y referentes, su orientación sexual, la percepción de la atracción y el deseo. En su búsqueda de una vida vivible y de poder dar significado a esa falta de identificación con el sexo y género asignado, generan estrategias creativas que les permiten habitar mejor el propio cuerpo, la identidad y el mundo a su alrededor. Además de sus necesidades, tratamos de evidenciar aquellas normas hegemónicas que generan patrones de exclusión y facilitamos algunas recomendaciones para profesionales y activistas.
Este texto pretende, a la luz principalmente de los textos de la Antropóloga Rita Segato trabajados en el seminario «Estructuras elementales de la violencia», analizar los dispositivos que sustentan la falta de tratamiento legislativo de los proyectos que buscan legalizar el aborto en argentina.
El texto además, busca visualizar los sustentos simbólicos para la falta de inscripción legal de la práctica abortiva, las tensiones que allí se despliegan, los sujetos en pugna y los terrenos de disputas que se presentan.
Analiza además el rol fundamental del Estado y la ley como la herramienta discursiva del mismo, en cuanto lugar de sujeción de las mujeres. En este análisis se busca visualizar el traspado desde el colonialismo a la instalación del Estado moderno y las implicancias en la privatización de las prácticas abortivas.
Por último el texto pretende delinear perspectivas en pos de la inscripción de la práctica abortiva en la narrativa legal.
This paper analyses the latest Spanish reforms regarding domestic work. The Spanish legislator, doubtlessly influenced by the ILO Domestic Work Convention nº 189 – which, however, was not later ratified in Spain- made a deep reform on domestic work in 2011. This legal reform implied a striking change that affected both working conditions and social security of employees in the family home. The aim of this reform has been to bring the regulation in domestic work closer to the general regulation for other workers, although maintaining certain specialties. Regarding working conditions, their setting as “particular employment relationship” has been held. However, the differences between this relationship and the common ones have been reduced. As for social security, domestic employees have been incorporated into the General Social Security System, but with important specialties, thus erasing the Special Domestic Employees System. The paper also examines the legal changes that have taken place in this field after the new Government arose.
The first woman to earn a Professorship at a University in Europe was Laura Maria Caterina Bassi, who earned a professorship in physics at the University of Bologna in 1732. Almost 300 years and three waves of feminism later, in 2016, women typically still only comprise 20% (or less) of the number of full professors in Europe. This opinion article will discuss the experiences of being a female academic today and the factors contributing to the academic gender gap from the perspective of a “young” natural scientist, as well as providing constructive suggestions for strategies to empower women in the academic world.
Anarchist networks throughout North America and Europe are currently engaged in debates on the topic of prostitution. Despite their diversity, a discourse analysis on this subject about anarchists from the late 19th century to the middle of the 20th reveals certain converging outlooks and influential trends. Most anarchists of that period seemed to agree that the misery engendered by capitalism is what drove poor women into prostitution. For some, prostitution bears comparison with marriage or various wage-earning trades, but it remains the most unfair and violent form of exploitation. Solutions proposed by anarchists in the past included executing procurers, helping prostitutes to unionize, setting up centres for individuals wishing to give up prostitution, and assisting prostitutes in establishing self-managed workplaces.
La Literatura Infantil (LI) continúa siendo un elemento socializador importante en la construcción de la identidad sexual, fundamentalmente a lo largo de la primera socialización. Si en la década de 1990 los estudios críticos feministas sobre la LI apuntaban a la ausencia de mujeres como máxima representación del sexismo en estas arquitecturas sociales; en la actualidad nos enfrentamos a otra ausencia: la de los modelos de feminidad(es). Cabe decir que hoy, la representación de las mujeres en la LI es cuantitativamente mayor que en épocas anteriores. Sin embargo, más no significa mejor. Por eso, a lo largo del artículo analizaremos cómo los cuentos infantiles reproducen las lógicas de dominación entre hombres y mujeres por medio de distintas representaciones simbólicas y atribuciones genéricas de los espacios.
This article explores the ideas and works of the Augusta Moll-Weiss, head of the École des mères. The latter started housewifery lessons at the turn of the 19th century at a moment when public discourse among both working and upper-class reformers sang the praises of the housewife. Her work offered a new approach to these typically feminine activities. Far from training only “angels of the home”, the lessons given at the Mothers’ School also offered students the possibility of preparing a professional career. Augusta Moll-Weiss then imagined a range of employment opportunities which placed care in the sphere of social work. Her commitment to housework training was accompanied by consideration of new domestic models likely to encourage women to enter the world of work. Rationalisation and the sharing of domestic duties according to sex as well as the question of part-time work were at the heart of her project. On the margins of philanthropy and feminism, Augusta Moll-Weiss adopted a strategy to gain recognition of women's role in the public sphere. Following a presentation of the institutions she created, this article deals with her vision of the “New Housewife” and her approach to feminism.
Women. Feminism, Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
En el siglo XIX, el feminismo fue un intento de entender qué es la falta de igualdad y de defender el derecho a la misma, desde la perspectiva del individuo inserto en la sociedad. Aunque el feminismo contemporáneo ya no se centra en una reivindicación emancipatoria de igualdad con un "modelo" de ciudadano, la idea de que las mujeres como individuos nos tenemos que liberar sigue siendo el telón de fondo de toda la acción feminista. No cabe, pues, cuestionar que la liberación de las mujeres como mujeres es una tarea de todas. Sin embargo, cabe poner en duda que esta liberación sólo tiene una vertiente individual y que la perspectiva de la liberación del individuo sea universal. Esto supone una explicitación del punto de partida y el interés por trabajar desde el feminismo una concepción del mundo que ha sido cuestionada desde otros ámbitos de la reflexión política y epistemológica.<br>During the 19th century feminism was an attempt to understand the lack of equality and to defend the right of the individual-within-society to it. Though contemporary feminism does not focus on emancipative claims of equality regarding a citizen model, the idea of women as individuals in need of liberation is still the background of every feminist action. There is no questioning that women's liberation, in as much as they are women, is an every woman's task. Nevertheless, the question remains as for this liberation having only an individual side and the perspective of individual's liberation being universal. This needs a clear statement regarding the starting point and the intention to work with a feminist approach on a concept of world that has been questioned in political reflection and epistemology fields.
Resumen
La enigmática afirmación de Nietszche puede ser tomada como una provocación por partida doble, para las mujeres y para quienes se preocupan por la investigación sobre la verdad.
The Egyptian feminist movement has been regarded as having had a pioneering role in organizing the Arab feminist movement. However, as this article reveals, the last few decades here witnessed a backward trend due to various political and economic factors, which has led to lower levels of participation by Egyptian women in the political and social life of the country.