We propose environment-adaptive software that automatically converts and configures software code written by skilled programmers for low-core CPUs according to the deployment environment, enabling high-performance processing. This paper focuses on automatic offloading to a variety of hardware according to the calculation type of processing, such as Fourier transforms. The existing application to be offloaded is semantically analyzed using an abstract syntax tree with pattern matching to determine whether a replaceable implementation exists for the calculation type. If an implementation is found, it is replaced with that implementation and performance improvements are confirmed. The ability of the proposed method to automatically offload is confirmed using an actual device equipped with an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 GPU. IEICE Technical Report, NS2026, July 2026, Copyright(C)2026 IEICE
We have proposed the concept of environment-adaptive software that automatically converts software code so that it can appropriately utilize the environment. In this paper, we proposed a method to analyze user-provided applications without looking at individual loop statements, and automatically offload them to various hardware using appropriate processing algorithms. The Japanese Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers, 2026.
The article provides a philosophical understanding of the category of social consciousness in the context of modern digital communication. Taking into account the transformational nature of the information society, the author proposes to consider social consciousness not as a static reflection of social existence, but as a dynamic and sensitive to technological changes form of collective spiritual existence. The relevance of the study is due to the need to rethink traditional philosophical concepts under the influence of new social and techno-communication realities.
An interdisciplinary methodological approach is applied, combining elements of hermeneutics, phenomenology, critical social philosophy and techno-philosophy. The key stages of the evolution of ideas about social consciousness in Western and Ukrainian philosophical traditions are analyzed, and the main factors of its modern transformation are identified: virtualization of experience, fragmentation of information, algorithmization of communication, post-truth and the formation of new types of digital identity.
Special attention is paid to the analysis of digital communication as not only a technological but also a socio-cultural phenomenon that affects the deep meanings of collective thinking. It is shown that digital communication constructs a new form of social consciousness - dynamic, unstable, reactive, sensitive to the information environment and manipulative strategies.
The author concludes that social consciousness in the digital age appears simultaneously as a space of threat (due to the weakening of criticality, the growth of emotional reactivity, information overload), and as a space of new opportunities (for mobilization, self-identification, resistance). The article emphasizes the importance of further philosophical understanding of the processes occurring at the intersection of technology and consciousness, in particular in the context of information warfare and the global struggle for meanings.
The photo collage "Martyrdom" by Soodi Sharifi is a manifestation of Western art in the context of Iranian art. This work is taken from the painting "Shirin’s Suicide" of Khamseh Nezami in 886 AH. In the era of post-structuralism and the era of forgetting Iranian paintings of past ages, Sharifi has created an adaptation work by choosing and changing some special symbolic systems in the pretext. The problem is the reason for changing the signs and the artist's use of them, which leads to a different meaning in the adapted work. This research tries to answer two questions: 1. In this process of extraction, what symptom systems have been changed or removed that have led to a change of meaning? 2. What are the differences between these two effects? The goal is to achieve and to recognize the type of changes in the noble text. Therefore, the study of this work along with the existing pretexts can fill the gap in studies in this field. The research method is descriptive-analytical and comparative and the two considered effects of Gerard Genette's transtexual approach have been examined. The method of collecting information relies on library (filing) and interviewing the artist. Based on the obtained results and using sign systems, the duality of meaning was observed in a noble effect. In this work, a kind of comparison between the literary subjects of the past centuries of Iran and contemporary events can be seen. In other words, the "Shirin’s suicide" of the Nezami is considered symmetrical and opposite, honoring the issue of martyrdom in the Iran-Iraq war and the statue of Pieta by Michelangelo, and the death of Christ. The changes brought about by this shift from Islam to Christianity and vice versa have changed the gender and nature of the painting. The most important change, made in the dominant type, is a permutation, because, without the replacement of some elements, the new creation would not have taken place in Sharifi’s work. In this study, with the help of the typology of transtextuality, among the five types introduced by Genette, two types of hypertextuality and intertextuality, that deal with the relationship between artistic texts, are diagnosed. Hypertext is present in both cases under investigation. Thus, the relationship between the poetic text of Khosrow and Shirin by Nezami and the visual text of Soodi Sharifi is based on hypertext, and the interdisciplinary relationship between poetry and photography is seen. Duality of meaning was observed in the Sharifi’s work due to the replacement and change of some sign systems. The artist has achieved a dual identity through his adaptation by simultaneously incorporating symbols of Christianity and Islam. By doing so, Sharifi has used Nezami’s work and created a new piece to direct the semantic path of the Khamseh’s image towards contemporary issues; this is Genette's definition of parody, which has a different meaning. He has achieved his goal by bringing several semiotic factors; including 1- Bringing the key which is the way to enter sky or heaven and to return the young man. 2- Bringing Islamic clothing for women. 3- Renaming the Nezami’s work from "Shirin’s Suicide" to "Martyrdom". Examining these cases has revealed that Sharifi intends to refer to the Iran-Iraq war and to criticize the current situation in psychological and expressive ways, but other layers of belief have been brought in his work, which may have originated from the artist's living environment. Despite spending most of his life in a Christian community, he also depends on several religious affiliations in Iranian society. Therefore, this can be one of the reasons for combining and then replacing this work with the work of Pieta by Michelangelo, and the sculpture of Pieta, as a prelude to Sharifi’s work, itself has semantic independence. Another reason is the similarity and substitution of martyrdom in Islam with the ascension of Jesus in Christianity, which exists in both ascension and entry into heaven, so among the different motives of the artist, we reach semantic diversity in Sharifi’s work. In general, Sharifi's work shows a kind of symmetry between the literary subjects of past centuries in Iran with contemporary events. In other words, the suicide of Nezami’s Shirin is considered symmetrical and opposite concerning the issue of martyrdom in the Iran-Iraq war with the statue of Pieta of Michelangelo and the death of Christ. The changes made for this turn from Islam to Christianity and vice versa have altered the gender and nature of the image, that is, there has been a shift. In between, some elements of the image are completely identical in the work of Sharifi with the picture of Nezami, and there is intertextuality of the quotation type with direct or explicit reference. Therefore, Sharifi’s work has been expanded and changed both in terms of the external structure of the work and in terms of qualitative content towards the image of Shirin’s suicide.
2020 marks 25 years since Olivier Guillitte defined the term 'bioreceptivity', to describe the ability of a building material to be colonised by living organisms. Although Guillitte noted in his 1995 paper that several issues required further investigation, to the best of our knowledge the bioreceptivity concept has not been restated, reviewed, reanalysed or updated since then. The present paper provides an opinionated exposition of the status and utility of the bioreceptivity concept for built heritage science and conservation in the light of current knowledge, aimed to stimulate further discussion. A bibliometric analysis highlights the key dimensions of the past 25 years of published research, showing that the term bioreceptivity has been widely used in the field of built cultural heritage. In our reanalysis of the concept, special attention is devoted to the six types of bioreceptivity (primary, secondary, tertiary, intrinsic, extrinsic and semi-extrinsic) articulated by Guillitte in 1995. We propose that field-based studies of bioreceptivity are urgently needed, and that the intrinsic, extrinsic and semi-extrinsic types of bioreceptivity should be dropped, and a new category (quaternary bioreceptivity) added. Additionally, we propose that bioreceptivity in submerged and subsoil environments should also be considered. Bioreceptivity remains an important concept for managing both new build and built heritage, as it provides the key to understanding the drivers and patterns of biological colonisation of building materials.
Abstract The surface water quality monitoring network (WQMN) is crucial for effective water environment management. How to design an optimal monitoring network is an important scientific and engineering problem that presents a special challenge in the smart city era. This comprehensive review provides a timely and systematic overview and analysis on quantitative design approaches. Bibliometric analysis shows the chronological pattern, journal distribution, authorship, citation and country pattern. Administration types of water bodies and design methods are classified. The flexibility characteristics of four types of direct design methods and optimization objectives are systematically summarized, and conclusions are drawn from experiences with WQMN parameters, station locations, and sampling frequency and water quality indicators. This paper concludes by identifying four main future directions that should be pursued by the research community. This review sheds light on how to better design and construct WQMNs.
Lake surface water temperature (LSWT) is an important factor of water ecological environment. In the context of global warming, the LSWT of global lakes generally reveals an upward trend. With a continuous intensification of human activities and a rapid expansion of the impervious surface, urbanization has exerted an increasing impact on the environment, so the impact of human activities on LSWT cannot be ignored. Because of the special geographical location, the change of LSWT in plateau lakes has important impacts on climate diversity, biodiversity, and cultural diversity. As a result, it is critical to monitor and model the variation characteristics of LSWT in the plateau area. Based on the data set of natural factors representing climate change and human factors representing human activities, this study proposes a classification of lake types by K‐Means clustering method. At watershed scale, 11 lakes in the study area are divided into three types: Natural Lake, Semi‐urban Lake, and Urban Lake (UL). Based on this classification, the variation characteristics of LSWT for the eleven lakes from 2001 to 2017 are analyzed. The causal relationship and contribution of climate change and human activities to the rise of LSWT are discussed. Results show that (1) from 2001 to 2017, the annual mean of LSWT‐day/night and near‐surface air temperature in the 11 lakes show a warming trend, a significant correlation (R = 0.82, α = 0.0164 < 0.5) and a same periodicity, which indicates that near‐surface air temperature is one of the main influencing factors of LSWT warming in Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau. (2) LSWT warming trend of UL is more obvious than those of Semi‐urban Lake and Natural Lake, indicating that human activities have more significant impact on LSWT of UL. The main driving factors are the impervious surface expansion and population increase. (3) The influence of human activities on the LSWT in Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau is becoming more and more significant, and it is also the main factor in causing the deterioration of lake water environment in Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau.
Since the reform and opening-up, the ecological environment of the coastline of Shenzhen has been under pressure from high-intensity human exploitation activities. Additionally, the structure, type, and length of the coastline has undergone significant changes. Studying the changes of the Shenzhen coastline over the past 40 years is helpful to reveal its spatial and temporal evolutionary processes and driving mechanisms to provide a reference for the protection and utilization of coastline resources. This study screened 16 scenes of the Shenzhen regional Landsat remote sensing images from 1979 to 2019, and performed a coastline extraction using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods to ensure alignment, accuracy, and extraction precision to meet the research requirements. Based on four coastline evaluation indexes (End Point Rates, Linear Regression Rates, Coastline-type Diversity Index, and Comprehensive Index of Coastline Utilization), the spatiotemporal characteristics of the coastline length, structure, types, and rate of change were analyzed to explore the factors driving the spatio-temporal evolution of the Shenzhen coastline. The results found that over the past 40 years, (1) the length of the Shenzhen coastline has experienced a continuously increasing trend, with a total increase of 41.52 km, and an average annual growth of 1.04 km. All the natural coastlines within the coastal area of Shenzhen decreased significantly to varying degrees, with a total decrease of 56.61%, while the proportion of artificial coastlines increased rapidly. (2) The change in coastline type in Shenzhen is mainly from the early muddy and sandy coastline to the farming reclamation and engineering construction coastline, i.e., the transition from natural to artificial shore. Among them, coastline length increased the most from 1979 to 1988. The most drastic coastline change was observed from 1979 to 1994, and the peak period of land reclamation was from 1994 to 2008. After 2008, Shenzhen coastline development gradually entered a sustainable and rational stage. (3) The spatial vicissitudes of the Shenzhen coastline have progressed through the stages of initiation, acceleration, and rational restriction. Areas with significant coastline expansion were located in Bao'an International Airport, Qianhai Cooperation Zone, Shenzhen Bay of Houhai, Yantian District, and near Longqi Bay. The change in the west coast of Shenzhen is more drastic than that of the east coast. The maximum rate of change (EPR) on the west coast reaches 422.19 m/a, which occurred during the Shekou Peninsula seaward extension period from 2004 to 2008. The EPR on the east coast reached the highest level of 449.65 m/a during the development and construction of Yantian Port from 1994 to 1998; and (4) the Shenzhen coastline change is a dynamic and a continuous process of change. Human activities, special zone policies, and natural factors were the main driving forces of the coastline changes. The special zone policy is the core driving force for Shenzhen's population expansion, urban sprawl, and the fundamental reason for the reduction in natural coastlines and the growth of artificial coastlines. This study provides important guidance for future sustainable urban development in Shenzhen.
Introduction: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has had significant effects on the performance of important businesses, especially small and medium businesses, which are of particular importance in the process of economic and social growth and development of countries and the special attention of policymakers. Exogenous crises have put the survival of small and medium businesses in doubt, and this causes fundamental disturbances in the economic systems of countries, so it is necessary for the managers of these types of businesses to develop and innovate their business model as a constant source. It is worth taking action to maintain, survive and grow your business in this critical situation. The importance of business model innovation in today's world is increasing, and top executives of global companies predict that its necessity will even exceed the importance of product and service innovation. Because business model innovation is a new criterion based on which pioneering companies try to create and provide more value to their customers, therefore the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of absorption capacity and strategic flexibility on small and medium business model innovation with emphasis. It is about the effects of the pandemic virus, Covid-19.Methodology: The present research is applied one in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of method. The statistical population is the small and medium-sized businesses of Mashhad in the number of 1300 companies, which were selected using the Cochran formula, a sample consisting of 297 companies, and the research questionnaire containing demographic questions and basic questions related to the measurement of potential absorption capacity. 6 items), realized absorptive capacity (7 items), strategic flexibility (6 items) and business model innovation (9 items) in the number of 350 questionnaires sent electronically to the senior managers of these companies for completion, and finally, 299 questionnaires were collected. Statistical analysis related to respondents' demographic information in terms of gender, age, education level, and company size were analyzed using SPSS software. The content validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed with the help of five experts and academic faculty members in the field of management, as well as two indicators, CVI and CVR. The validity of the structure was examined and confirmed using convergent validity (AVE index greater than 0.5) and divergent validity (Fornell-Larker matrix). Reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients and composite reliability (more than 0.7). Finally, the fit of the model with the help of coefficients of determination (R2) and the goodness of fit index (GOF) shows a moderate to a strong fit of the research model. Then, using SmartPLS software and structural equation modeling based on the least-squares approach, the research hypotheses were tested.Results and Discussion: The results show that the potential absorptive capacity is directly related to the realized absorptive capacity with a path coefficient of 0.633 and a significance value of 20.019, as well as to business model innovation with a path coefficient of 0.234 and a significance value of 3.042, and on strategic flexibility with a path coefficient of 0.279 and a significance value of 3.863. It has a positive and significant effect. Also, the findings showed that strategic flexibility does not have a positive and significant effect on business model innovation. The findings of the research show that absorptive capacity is considered a dynamic ability as a prerequisite for business model innovation and strategic flexibility, which are two vital elements for gaining competitive advantage, and has a significant and positive effect on each of these.Conclusion: The potential absorption capacity of small and medium-sized businesses generally increases their capacity to access, internalize, and exploit new knowledge, business model innovation, and flexibility. Therefore, it is suggested that managers of small and medium businesses focus on different aspects of their business model as well as its relationship with the business environment. Also, to control the conditions and the possibility of survival and continuation of the business, they should be aware of the fundamental changes in the market and the need for creative business platforms and management of conditions. Pay more attention to turbulence. Therefore, measures such as reviewing the business model through a bias toward digital transformation and identifying digital capabilities appropriate to turbulent conditions, as well as flexibility and changing the view of resources, and finding solutions to solve the future consequences of the Covid-19 epidemic crisis can be among the necessary suggestions and solutions. Managers of small and medium-sized businesses are considered critical in these critical situations, the reason being that in critical situations, senior business managers focus on making quick decisions in the shortest possible time, which creates small advisory circles and most decisions are based on knowledge. Potentially occurs.
Einallah Khademian, E. Salehi, Hamidreza Sanaeepur
et al.
Copper is one of the most toxic heavy metals which must be eliminated from aqueous environments, according to the environmental standards. Carbohydrate biopolymers are promising candidates for synthesizing copper-adsorbent composites. It is due to unique properties such as having potential adsorptive functional sites, availability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, formability, blending capacity, and reusability. Different types of copper-adsorbent carbohydrate biopolymers like chitosan and cellulose with particular focus on the synthesizing and modification approaches have been tackled in this review. Composites, functionality and morphological aspects of the biopolymer adsorbents have also been surveyed. Further progress in the fabrication and application of biopolymer adsorbents would be achievable with special attention to some critical challenges such as the process economy, copolymer and/or (nano) additive selection, and the physicochemical stability of the biopolymer composites in aqueous media.
High living standards and a comfortable modern way of life are related to an increased usage of various plastic products, yielding eventually the generation of an increased amount of plastic debris in the environment. A special concern is on microplastics (MPs), recently classified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). This review focuses on MPs’ adverse effects on the environment based on their bioactivity. Hence, the main topic covered is MPs’ ecotoxicity on various aquatic (micro)organisms such as bacteria, algae, daphnids, and fish. The cumulative toxic effects caused by MPs and adsorbed organic/inorganic pollutants are presented and critically discussed. Since MPs’ bioactivity, including ecotoxicity, is strongly influenced by their properties (e.g., types, size, shapes), the most common classification of MPs types present in freshwater are provided, along with their main characteristics. The review includes also the sources of MPs discharge in the environment and the currently available characterization methods for monitoring MPs, including identification and quantification, to obtain a broader insight into the complex problem caused by the presence of MPs in the environment.
Hammad Salahuddin, L. A. Qureshi, Adnan Nawaz
et al.
Abstract Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is a special type of concrete in which traditional coarse aggregates are replaced by fine sand. Its main ingredients include a high percentage of Portland cement, a very low water-to-binder ratio, and the presence of super plasticizer, grey sand and silica fume. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the performance of RPC produced by replacing the natural fine aggregates (grey sand) with recycled fine aggregates under varying curing conditions. Various properties including compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, sorptivity, water absorption, electrical resistivity, sulphate resistance and resistance against marine environment were studied. Two types of recycled fine aggregates were used; one was obtained from demolished normal strength concrete and second was obtained from demolished RPC. It was found that the compressive strength of all tested samples increased when cured at 90 °C for 48 h, as compared to the samples kept under normal curing conditions. Mechanical properties of RPC prepared with recycled aggregates increased up to 50% replacement, while durability performance gradually reduced with an increase in the recycled aggregate content, but within reasonable limits.
INTRODUCTION
Regular physical activity has many health benefits, including prevention of chronic diseases and premature deaths, improvement of physical and mental health, and better cognitive function [1-4]. ... [5]. Research data show that adults do not have adequate levels of physical activity, which can jeopardize their current and future health [6-9]. ... [7]. In Iran, not many types of research have been conducted regarding the amount of participation of adults in physical activity, but these few types of research indicate the low level of moderate to severe physical activity of adults [10]. One of the groups in the age group of adults, who should participate in regular physical activity due to the nature of their job and maintaining their physical and mental health, are the personnel of police Headquarter. Quality of life is one of the factors in which participation in physical activity has been effective in different age groups, including adults [11-13]. Health-related quality of life focuses on the subjective perception of adults, their health status, and their ability to perform daily activities in different areas of life [14-17]. Systematic review evidence suggests that higher levels of physical activity are associated with higher health-related quality of life scores [18]. However, the relationship between physical activity and quality of life in police command staff has not been investigated and this issue needs to be investigated. In addition, evidence has shown that physical activity is associated with well-being [16, 19]. Well-being is not only related to the absence of disease, but it is a complex combination of physical, mental, emotional, and social health factors of a person [20].
AIM(S)
The purpose of this research was to determine the level of physical activity of the employees of the Great Tehran Police Headquarter and to investigate the relationship between physical activity and the quality of life related to their health and well-being by emphasizing gender differences.
RESEARCH TYPE
This research method is descriptive correlation based on structural equations.
RESEARCH SOCIETY, PLACE & TIME
The statistical population of this research was all employees of Great Tehran Police Headquarter (including the traffic police, police stations, and Fateb Headquarters) in 2021.
SAMPLING METHOD AND NUMBER
The statistical sample of this research was 186 men and women using Cochran's formula by available sampling method.
USED DEVICES & MATERIALS
Physical activity was measured using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) [21]. This questionnaire is suitable for determining the physical activity of adults aged 18-65 years, and its validity and reliability have been reported very well [22]. In this research, the validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by eight experts. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this questionnaire was 0.92. The cut-off point for different classes of physical activity states that each adult should preferably have 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical daily activity in a week [22]. Health-related quality of life was measured using the SF-12 questionnaire. This questionnaire is a general tool for measuring the health status of people 14 years and older. The minimum and maximum scores of this test are between 0 and 100, which means that the closer the subject's score is to 100, the higher the health-related quality of life and vice versa. This questionnaire has been used many times in Iran and has high validity and reliability [23]. In this research, the validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by eight experts. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88. The cut-off point of this questionnaire is 46, which indicates the physical and mental health status of a person [23]. In this research, the well-being variable was measured using the Adult Well-Being Assessment Questionnaire (AWA), which is a valid survey to assess the physical and mental well-being of adults [24]. In this study, the validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by eight experts. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0.86. The cut-off point of this questionnaire is 5, which indicates a person's sense of normal well-being [24].
METHOD
The method of conducting the research was in a way that after coordinating with the officials of the Great Tehran Police Headquarter, the research questionnaires were distributed among the employees, and the people who were willing to participate in the research completed and submitted the questionnaires.
ETHICAL PERMISSION
To comply with the ethical standards, the ethical principles including the introduction of the research, the objectives, and method of conducting the research, and the privacy policy were presented to the participants.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the research data. Pearson's correlation test and structural equations were used for the inferential analysis of relationships between research analyses. Differences between men and women were analyzed using an independent t-test. The significance level was considered at 0.05. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and Lisrel 8.8 software.
FINDING by TEXT
Out of 186 sample participants in this research, 93 people were from police stations, 71 people were from traffic police and 22 people were from Fateb Headquarters. As the most important index in the subject's profile, the body mass index of men (23.80±1.36) is higher than women (22.63±1.75) (Table 1). Although the body mass index was normal in both genders, it was very close to the overweight level in men. Men had a higher level of physical activity than women (Table 2). The results showed that 54% of men and 52% of women had moderate to intense physical activity. Also, health-related quality of life scores was almost the same in both genders and was in the average range (t=0.25; p=0.942). Finally, the well-being scores of men and women were the same and were in the average range (t=0.42; p=0.785; Table 2). The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the research data had a normal distribution (p>0.05). The results of the independent t-test showed that men compared to women in the number of days they did the physical activity (t=1.93; p=0.015) and also the number of minutes they did physical activity during the week (t=6.27; p<0.001) had significant superiority (Table 2). The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient to investigate the two-way relationship between the research variables showed that there is a relationship between health-related quality of life and physical activity (days per week and minutes per week, respectively, r=0.621 and r=0.416) and also there was a significant relationship with physical activity intensity (r=0.737), (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant relationship between physical activity (days per week and minutes per week, respectively, r=0.517 and r=0.582) and intensity of physical activity (r=0.326), with well-being (p<0.001). The relationship between health-related quality of life and well-being was also significant (r=0.361; p<0.001). The results of the structural equation method also confirmed the significance of the causal relationships between the research variables (Table 3 and Chart 1). The results of fitting the research model are given in Table 4. According to the results, the current research model had a good fit (RMSEA=0.07).
MAIN COMPARISION to the SIMILAR STUDIES
On average, the results showed that men and women had a lower level of physical activity than the value recommended by WHO of 60 minutes of moderate-to-severe physical activity. Also, the results showed that half of the personnel of the Tehran police Headquarter did not have suitable physical activity for physical and mental health. These results are consistent with the findings of previous research [6-9] and indicate the relatively low level of physical activity of the personnel of the Tehran police Headquarter. Regarding gender differences in physical activity, the results of this research showed that men participated significantly more than women in physical activity. These results are consistent with previous findings [26-28] and indicate that strategies to promote physical activity among police headquarter personnel should have a special emphasis on women's physical activity. ... [29, 30]. The results of the research showed that health-related quality of life in Tehran police Headquarter personnel was at an average level, which are consistent with the previous studies by Dosic et al., Zhang et al., Lee C and Russell, as well as the study by Rejeski and Mihalko [14-17] and indicate relatively low levels of health-related quality of life among adults. The average level of health-related quality of life in police headquarter personnel is probably related to job difficulty or financial components. In addition, no significant gender difference was observed regarding health-related quality of life. These findings are not following the results of previous studies and show that men had a relatively better perception of quality of life than women [18]. These differences may be due to the relatively difficult working conditions of the male and female police headquarter personnel. The results of structural equation modeling showed that greater participation in physical activity had a positive and significant effect on health-related quality of life in police headquarter personnel; these findings are following the results of previous studies [14-18]. Therefore, physical activity is related to the improvement of the quality of life in police headquarter personnel. Regarding well-being, the results of the research showed that the perception of well-being among the employees of Tehran Police headquarter was at an average level. The present findings are consistent with the findings of Lee and Russell's study as well as Fox et al.'s study [16, 19]. Similar to the perception of quality of life, the average level of well-being in police headquarter personnel can also be related to job difficulty or financial components. Similar to the quality of life, no significant gender difference was observed regarding the perception of well-being. These findings are not following the results of previous studies that showed that men had a relatively better perception of well-being than women [16, 19], which could mainly be related to the relatively difficult working conditions of both male and female police headquarter personnel. The results of structural equation modeling showed that greater participation in physical activity had a positive and significant effect on the sense of well-being in police headquarter. These findings are following the results of previous studies [16, 19]. Physical activity can improve people's well-being by influencing the individual's standards and opinions in life and promoting independence, control, and mastery over the surrounding environment. Doing physical activity not only improves the physical condition but also improves the personality, psychological and social dimensions. In addition, exercise and physical activity are effective in expressing emotions and feelings, also increasing self-confidence and a sense of hope and humor [16, 17]. All these components can be considered part of a person's well-being.
LIMITATION
One of the limitations of the present study was that physical activity was measured using a self-report questionnaire, which can be biased. Also, the socio-economic status of the research subjects was not investigated.
SUGGESTIONS
Socio-economic status can be one of the factors affecting people's participation in physical activity and its consequences such as physical and mental health. It is suggested that in future research, physical activity be measured using accelerometer tools that objectively measure physical activity. It is also suggested that the socio-economic status of employees and its relationship with their participation in physical activity be investigated.
CONCLUSIONS
The physical activity of police headquarter personnel is less than the World Health Organization's recommended of 60 minutes of moderate-to-severe physical activity per day, and women also have less physical activity than men. Also, physical activity has a positive effect on the quality of life and well-being of police headquarter, which highlights the role of regular physical activity in improving the quality of life of these employees.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank all the personnel of the Police headquarter who participated in this research.
CONFLICT of INTEREST
The authors state that there is no conflict of interest in the present study.
FUNDING SOURCES
This study had no financial support.
This study presents a brief reference, in general, to international legal assistance in criminal matters,
which is an extremely important field in international cooperation between states. In particular, we highlight
certain approaches regard the most well-known form of judicial cooperation in criminal matters, without a
doubt, namely extradition. The analysis included existing doctrinal concepts and legal provisions regarding
the institution of extradition. They were taken into account several objectives, as: defining the concept of
extradition; analysis of the legal nature of the extradition institution; elucidation of the forms, types and
specifics of extradition in national legislation and at the same time, characterization of the institution of
extradition as a form of international legal assistance in criminal matters. The used methods and procedures
were determined by the emphasied interdisciplinary nature of the research subject. The investigation was based
on the study of the normative and doctrinal material existing in the field, using diversified, various general and
special methods in diachronic and synchronic plan. The novelty elements concern the scientific investigation
of the extradition institution, of the specifics of its application. The investigation may be helpful both for
academic environment and for practitioners, and will be included in a methodological-didactic material.
UNLABELLED The predicted mean vote (PMV) model of thermal comfort, created by Fanger in the late 1960s, is used worldwide to assess thermal comfort. Fanger based his model on college-aged students for use in invariant environmental conditions in air-conditioned buildings in moderate thermal climate zones. Environmental engineering practice calls for a predictive method that is applicable to all types of people in any kind of building in every climate zone. In this publication, existing support and criticism, as well as modifications to the PMV model are discussed in light of the requirements by environmental engineering practice in the 21st century in order to move from a predicted mean vote to comfort for all. Improved prediction of thermal comfort can be achieved through improving the validity of the PMV model, better specification of the model's input parameters, and accounting for outdoor thermal conditions and special groups. The application range of the PMV model can be enlarged, for instance, by using the model to assess the effects of the thermal environment on productivity and behavior, and interactions with other indoor environmental parameters, and the use of information and communication technologies. Even with such modifications to thermal comfort evaluation, thermal comfort for all can only be achieved when occupants have effective control over their own thermal environment. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The paper treats the assessment of thermal comfort using the PMV model of Fanger, and deals with the strengths and limitations of this model. Readers are made familiar to some opportunities for use in the 21st-century information society.