Hasil untuk "Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology"

Yaëlle Amsellem-Mainguy, Hugo Bréant, Isabelle Lacroix et al.

Siv Oltedal

Welfare and social work aim for social justice and self-determination, and the work is sensitive to both its institutional context and to the worker-client relationship. In this article, we re-analyse and compare two sets of collected data (Oltedal, 2000; Olsen, 2022). The data consists of institutional talks between frontline workers and clients in a Norwegian welfare-to-work-service context; the social services (Sosialkontoret) in 1992, and an integrated labour- and welfare service (NAV) in 2015.The institutional framework of the two services shares many similarities, including the overall policy goal of securing people’s financial livelihood, as well as labour market inclusion. We investigate the following question: How is moral and control dealt with in institutional welfare conversations in Norway in both 1992 and 2015, related to clients’ financial and unemployment problems? The aim of the study is to explore changes in institutional talk by identifying and discussing contextual and relational-dependent similarities and differences. The employment control aspect is more visible in 2015 data through social workers’ emphasis on a step-by-step approach wherein measures are reframed, while social workers in 1992 are more inclined to leave it up to clients themselves to make work-life connections. While the financial control aspect is more visible in 1992 through social workers’ emphasis on the client’s moral responsibility, this is less dominant in 2015, in which social workers are acting more neutral and descriptive. The institutional discourse has changed. In 1992, the framing of the talk between frontline workers and client has a stronger moral focus than in 2015. This is due to the animator footing (Goffman, 1981), where workers bring the context and the societal perspectives regarding norms for social welfare recipients into the discussion. In 2015, the principal footing (Goffman, 1981), where the possibility for the frontline worker to voice their own judgement is more visible and the framing of the talk is more relational-dependent.  Changes can also be traced back to differences in welfare policy, where the financial issue is more in focus in 1992, while welfare-to-work is more on the frontline workers agenda in 2015.

S. Stylianidis

According to international experience, the conditions for the successful outcome of a psychiatric reform are the following: (a) Existence of political will (supporting a national plan with assessment, monitoring, and corrective intervention procedures for structural dysfunctions, etc.). (b) Strong mental health leadership (executive expertise and skills that advance the public health agenda). (c) Challenging the dominance of the biomedical model in therapeutic practice through the promotion of holistic care practices, evidence-based innovative actions, collaborative care, the promotion of recovery culture, and the and the use of innovative digital tools. (d) Ensuring necessary resources over time, so that resources from the transition of the asylum model to a model of sectorial community mental health services "follow" the patient. (e) Strengthening the participation of service recipients and their families in decision-making processes and evaluation of care quality. (f) Practices based on ethical principles (value-based practice) and not only on the always necessary documentation (evidence-based practice).1- 4 Convergent evidence from the "ex post" evaluation of the implementation of the national plan Psychargos 2000-20095 and from the recent rapid assessment of the psychiatric reform by the Ministry of Health and the WHO Athens office (SWOT analysis)6 indicates "serious fragmentation of services, an uncoordinated system that often results in inappropriate service provision, a lack of epidemiological studies and studies concerning the local needs of specific populations, uneven development of services between different regions of the country, a large number of specialized professionals with significant deficits in community psychiatry expertise, a lack of personnel in supportive roles, significant gaps in specialized services (for individuals with autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disabilities, eating disorders, old and new addictions, and community forensic psychiatry services)". We would also like to highlight lack of coordination and collaboration among different mental health service systems (public primary and secondary service providers, NGOs, municipal services, mental health services of the armed forces, private sector), complete absence of systematic evaluation and monitoring (lack of quality of care indicators, clinical outcomes, epidemiological profile of each service), lack of quality assurance mechanisms and clinical management systems, insufficient number of beds mainly for acute cases, unclear protocols for discharge issuance and ensuring continuity of care, deficient budget for Mental Health in relation to the overall healthcare expenditure (currently 3.3%), and finally, one of the highest rates of involuntary hospitalizations in Europe, which is linked to serious issues concerning the protection of the rights of service users. After the pandemic and the emergence of the silent but expected mental health pandemic, WHO, EU, and the Greek Ministry of Health emphasized the need to adopt a public mental health agenda with an emphasis on community psychiatry in order to address both the old structural dysfunctions and inadequacies of psychiatric reform (regulation 815/1984, Leros I-Leros II plan, Psychargos A & B, incomplete implementation of laws 2071/1992 & 2716/1999, incomplete deinstitutionalization of the remaining psychiatric hospitals). However, it is time to reflect that it is not possible to talk today about the need to update and implement a new national plan to upgrade mental health in the country without answering basic questions, both old and new, about the wider context of its implementation. The transformation of the deficient psychiatric care in the country cannot be completed without the urgent restructuring of the National Health System7 and the reform of the Greek welfare state itself, which is also characterized by irrationality, inequalities, bureaucratic inefficiency, and fragmentation.8 As we should have learned from the bankruptcy and the prolonged economic, social, and cultural crisis in our country, reforms usually pay off in the long term, while the time horizon of the applied policies is narrow and usually reaching the next election. The fact is that in any reform effort, including psychiatry, the political system does not demonstrate the ability to promote transparency, evaluation, stable rules of regulation, reference to a universally applicable legal and institutional framework, the limitation of clientelism and guild resistances. From this point of view, it is necessary to give meaning in the context of Greek psychiatric reform to the professional burnout of the National Health System workers, the lack of motivation and vision, the intrusion into the NGO space by new entities without any connection to the culture of psychiatry reform, the guild resistances of all relevant specialties, the selective use of psychotherapeutic techniques, as trends of discrediting the relief of social and psychological suffering in the field of public mental health. There is an urgent need to understand new pathologies (narcissistic disorders, new forms of addiction, eating disorders, "pathology of emptiness", adolescent delinquency and suicide, psychosomatic manifestations due to high stress, pathology of fluid social ties, deficient socialization of young people "outside of their algorithms") through a solid and coherent analysis of the toxic postmodernity culture. In addition to the social determinants of mental health,9 it is necessary in clinical work to also assess the psychological factors, such as uncertainty, conflict, loss of control, and incomplete information, that burden human health.10 In order to reduce the gap between declarations and real life, there is an urgent need to overcome the blind spots of psychiatric reform in the country by establishing internal and external evaluation processes, training young professionals in holistic care and community networking and communication skills, retraining leaders for organizational change, and strengthening the participation of service users in the context of deepening democracy in mental health. As mental health professionals, the object of our work in the community should be the reconstruction of meaning and the fragile or non-existent social bond in subjects who have been cut off from any possible production of meaning and participation in their history. Why should our therapeutic responses be stereotypically repetitive in the face of these complex, radical changes in the meta-context and the new demands of our patients? After all, as the philosopher Ernst Bloch puts it, utopia is "that which does not exist yet.".

José Manuel Rodríguez Jiménez, Miguel Ángel Canorea Ruiz, Alejandro Plaza Quesada

La alteración de motores en motocicletas implica modificar el motor original para mejorar el rendimiento o adaptarlo a necesidades específicas, aunque estas prácticas pueden derivar en riesgos de seguridad y problemas legales. Estos cambios pueden producirse por avería del motor y necesidad de un reemplazo, lo cual es inicialmente legal, o un cambio por un motor de mayor cilindrada que dotaría a la motocicleta de mayor potencia, pero también de mayor inestabilidad al no estar preparado el resto de componentes para ese aumento de potencia. La instalación de motores de mayor potencia en motocicletas no diseñadas para soportarlos puede comprometer la seguridad, generando inestabilidad y aumentando el riesgo de accidentes debido a frenos inadecuados, poniendo en riesgo no solo su seguridad, sino también la del resto de usuarios de la vía con el uso de dicho motor alterado. El cambio de motor tiene su vertiente delictiva. El origen de dicho motor puede no ser lícito y, aunque el conductor del vehículo no sea responsable directamente de un delito de robo al no haber intervenido directamente en la sustracción del mismo, sí puede serlo de receptación si no posee la documentación que justifique que es comprador de buena fe. Dicha documentación trasladaría la responsabilidad del delito hacia el vendedor. La determinación de la responsabilidad penal es secundaria cuando la dificultad principal es saber si los motores instalados pertenecen o no a dicha motocicleta. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio que permite aproximar, usando métodos matemáticos que determinan el grado de pertenencia, si el motor que porta una motocicleta es el que ha sido instalado originalmente en la misma o si proviene de una motocicleta ajena.

Jonathan Willian Bazoni da Motta

A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de mostrar os agenciamentos morais e as técnicas de controle social de um grupo de milicianos e de duas políticas de segurança: o Destacamento de Polícia Ostensiva (DPO) e a Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP), no período de 2007 a 2011, na favela do Batan/RJ. A partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica de mais de três anos no território, que produziu uma série de entrevistas e conversas informais com moradores, defendemos que no período delimitado houve uma governança miliciana no Batan que congregou forças legais e ilegais militarizadas com a finalidade de controlar a moralidade dos moradores e coibir os desviantes. Nesse contexto, milícia e polícia se complementavam na gestão da ordem local, produzindo uma zona cinzenta de atuação ancorada em um mesmo projeto moral.

Matthew Mitnick, Shelby Goodwin, Mikaela Bubna et al.

Introduction: Digital interventions present a scalable solution to overcome barriers to smoking cessation treatment, and changes in resting heart rate (HR) may offer a viable option for monitoring smoking status remotely. The goal of this study was to explore the acceptability of using smartphone cameras and activity trackers to measure heart rate for use in a smoking cessation intervention. Methods: Participants (N=410), most of whom identified as female (75.8 %) with mean age 38.3 years (SD 11.4), were recruited via the Smoke Free app. They rated the perceived comfort, convenience, and likelihood of using smartphone cameras and wrist-worn devices for HR monitoring as an objective measure of smoking abstinence. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed differences in acceptability across device types and whether the participant owned an activity tracker/smartwatch or smartphone. Results: Participants reported high levels of acceptability for both HR monitoring methods, with activity trackers/smartwatches rated more favorably in terms of comfort, convenience, and likelihood of use compared to smartphone cameras. Participants indicated a statistically significantly greater likelihood of using the activity tracker/smartwatch over the smartphone camera. Participants viewed the activity tracker/smartwatch as more acceptable than the smartphone camera (87.0% vs 50.0%). Conclusions: HR monitoring via smartphone cameras and wrist-worn devices was deemed acceptable among people interested in quitting smoking. Wrist-worn devices, in particular, were preferred, suggesting their potential as a scalable, user-friendly method for remotely monitoring smoking status. These findings support the need for further exploration and implementation of HR monitoring technology in smoking cessation research and interventions.

Moses Faleolo, Naomi Fuamatu

Criminological imagination requires that criminologists adopt multiple perspectives on their study subjects, shifting backwards and forwards between the personal and remote, the micro and the macro, or the theoretical and the empirical. Criminology should thus be ‘refractive’ (Frauley 2015: 21), harnessing the multi-perspectivism of social life to produce fuller, sharper analyses that reveal links between individual lives, social structures, and historical context. One such perspective is fa’a Sāmoa criminology. Not much is known about this worldview or its relationship with criminology, let alone its application as a credible epistemology. This article argues that Western criminology is not the only way to generate new knowledge and recommended solutions and that instead fa’a Sāmoa criminology offers an alternative way. Two qualitative case studies demonstrate how Sāmoan thinking and doing applies in the contexts of Sāmoan young people’s interaction with the youth justice system and hard-to-reach gang-involved Sāmoan peoples. Key implications are highlighted and recommended.

Rathi Ramji, M. Rämgård, A. Kottorp

Background Citizens living in disadvantaged neighborhoods experience poorer health than the majority, and this inequality is a public health problem even in a welfare state such as Sweden. Numerous initiatives aimed at improving health and quality of life in these populations are being implemented and evaluated. Given that these populations are predominantly multicultural and multilingual, an instrument such as the WHOQOL-BREF, which is cross-culturally validated and available in multiple languages, may be appropriate. However, this cannot be ascertained since the psychometric properties of WHOQOL-BREF have never been assessed in the Swedish context. Thus, the current study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in citizens from a disadvantaged neighborhood in Southern Sweden. Methods The respondents in this study were 103 citizens who participated in the health promotional activities of a Health promotional program and also responded to the 26-item, WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire as a part of an evaluation to assess the impact of the activities on the health-related quality of life of citizens. A Rasch model using WINSTEP 4.5.1 was used to assess the psychometric properties in this study. Results Five of the 26 items, including pain and discomfort, dependence on medical substances, physical environment, social support, and negative feelings did not display acceptable goodness-of-fit to the Rasch model. On removing these items, the 21-item WHOQOL-BREF scale had an improved internal scale validity and person-separation reliability than the original 26-item version for this group of citizens from the neighborhood. When assessing the individual domains, three of the five items that were misfits on analyzing the full model also showed misfits in relation to two respective domains. When these items were removed, the internal scale validity of the domains also improved. Conclusion WHOQOL-BREF seemed to be psychometrically inadequate when used in the original form due to internal scale validity problems, while the modified 21-item scale seemed better at measuring the health-related quality of life of citizens living in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods in Sweden. Omission of items shall be done but with caution. Alternatively, future studies may also consider rephrasing the items with misfits and further testing the instrument with larger samples exploring the associations between subsamples and specific item misfit responses.

Mercedes Muriel-Saiz, Tarsila Castaño-Ortega, Maribel Martín-Estalayo et al.

El propósito de este artículo es contribuir al estudio de las redes sociales como espacio de divulgación de la profesión y la disciplina del Trabajo Social. A partir de análisis de contenido de los diez perfiles profesionales con más seguidores en Instagram y reconocidos dentro del fenómeno microinfluencer en la geografía española, se describen los rasgos más característicos de la identidad digital, el contenido audiovisual y las concepciones epistemológicas y éticas que se identifican y se difunden del Trabajo Social. Si bien es una tarea urgente establecer puentes y complicidades entre la comunicación y el Trabajo Social para favorecer la divulgación del área de conocimiento y la experiencia profesional, no hay que obviar los riesgos y consecuencias derivadas de estas prácticas digitales. Los modos de producción no son ajenos al contexto neoliberal y mercantil actual, donde lo social se ha convertido en espacio de negocio y, en ocasiones, los objetivos profesionales quedan más supeditados a los medios que al fin.

Sanja Petkovska

The aim of the paper is to consider the importance of intersectionality as an innovative theoretical and methodological tool for conceptualizing the social differences in the field of social pathology. In order to realize the goal set, we first approach the definition of intersectionality and its delimitation in relation to related concepts, while clarifying our own understanding of the concept, which we base on material directions within the approach of diversity politics and critical race theory. Unlike modern sociological understandings, contemporary studies of social differences theoretically rely on more complex approaches, such as constructivist interactionism, phenomenology, post-Marxism, gender studies, postcolonial studies, and critical theories of society, which focus on identity and subjectivity. The materialistic aspect of the critical approach and issues related to policies of distribution are mostly neglected, amid the dominance of the postmodernist culture of thinking, which often manifests itself as imprecise and unfounded. The initial impulse for writing this paper is precisely the effort to reanimate that repressed, material dimension. Then, the paper shows the advantages of using the intersectional approach in the research of critical analysis of public policies and critical criminology, so that the focus in the final part of the paper is directed to specific methodological topics and problems in the study of which the concept of intersectionality has proven to be important and necessary.

Amy Wachholtz, Dallas Robinson, Elizabeth Epstein

Abstract Background It is critical to develop empirically based, community-treatment friendly, psychotherapy interventions to improve treatment for patients with comorbid chronic pain and Opioid Use Disorder. Understanding factors that increase patient adherence and attendance is important, along with strategies targeted to address those issues. Methods Based on initial psychophysiology research on adults with OUD and chronic pain, we created an integrated cognitive-behavioral, 12-week outpatient group therapy called STOP (Self-regulation Therapy for Opioid addiction and Pain). In this study, we pilot tested STOP in a Stage 1a feasibility and acceptability study to identify unique treatment needs and factors that increased session attendance, adherence to treatment, and improved outcomes. Fourteen individuals on medication for OUD with co-occurring chronic pain participated. Results STOP had high attendance rates (80%; and active patient engagement). Urine toxicology showed no illicit drug use after week 8. Data analysis from pre-intervention to a 3-month follow-up showed significant functional improvement (F(1,12) = 45.82;p < 0.001) and decreased pain severity levels (F(1,12) = 37.62;p < 0.01). Participants reported appreciation of the unique tools to counteract physiological activation during a pain flare or craving. Participants also reported benefit from in-session visual aids, applicable pain psychology information, take-home worksheets, tools for relaxation practice, learning to apply the therapy tools. Discussion STOP is a 90-min 12-week rolling-entry group therapy based on previous research identifying psychophysiological needs of pain and OUD patients that can be seamlessly incorporated into community addiction treatment clinics. Conclusion Preliminary results of STOP are promising with high patient engagement and adherence and significant reductions in drug use and pain. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT03363243 , Registered Dec 6, 2017.

Averi R. Fegadel

The field of criminology continues to give little attention to the behaviors and crimes that adversely impact the environment although decades of research has highlighted these crimes result in greater social harms, losses, and deaths compared to traditional street crimes. Moreover, these crimes are met with little consequences despite several laws and regulations charged with protecting the environment and public welfare. As a result, residents of minority and poor communities are faced with social, racial, and economic inequalities. This draws attention to the green victimization of marginalized groups and underrepresented populations worldwide. In the United States, these groups include Native Americans, low-income white communities, and prisoners. On a global scale, examples include the Amungme tribe, those who work and live near tanneries in Bangladesh, and Indigenous environmental activists. The chapter seeks to identify and raise awareness of invisible victims of environmental crimes.

K. Broadhurst, C. Mason

This article aims to capture the full range of consequences that birth parents face, following court-ordered removal of their children on account of child protection concerns. With references to legislative and policy responses in England, the USA, and Australia, we argue that states reinforce parents’ exclusion, where the full gamut of challenges these parents face is poorly understood. Drawing on a wealth of criminological research concerned with the collateral consequences of criminal justice involvement we adapt conceptual ideas and vocabularies to describe the combination of informal and formal penalties that parents face at this juncture. Discussion extends previous published studies concerned with loss and social stigma following child removal but charts new theoretical ground regarding legal stigmatization and welfare disqualifications. The article is timely given the continued high volume of children entering state care in a number of international jurisdictions and recent empirical evidence from England that a sizeable population of birth parents who appear as respondents in the family court are repeat clients. Making the case for a fundamental re-appraisal of state responses following court-ordered removal, the article concludes with a call for a more comprehensive family justice response, attuned to the additive burden of child removal on parents whose lives are already blighted by histories of disadvantage. I . I N T R O D U C T I O N The impact on parents of court ordered removal of their children on account of child protection concerns is insufficiently theorized, despite the fact that a significant number of parents in a range of international contexts lose their children to the state in this way. For two reasons, there is now some urgency to tackle this omission. Firstly, an increasing number of very young children have entered state care during the past 5 years in a range of international jurisdictions (e.g. England, Australia, and the USA). Secondly, recent research in England has exposed the scale of birth mothers’ repeat involvement in the family court, which is no doubt paralleled in nation states with similar child protection systems (Broadhurst et al, 2015a). These observations prompt searching questions about how parents might be helped to salvage VC The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 41 International Journal of Law, Policy and The Family, 2017, 31, 41–59 doi: 10.1093/lawfam/ebw013 Article D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com law am /article/41/3065577 by gest on 15 D ecem er 2020 productive lives following child removal and the potential contribution of therapeutic or legislative remedies. Searching the literature for relevant theoretical insights finds an important body of work on grief responses to the loss of children to state care or adoption. However, the majority of studies have focused on child relinquishment, rather than court ordered removal (Deykin, et al, 1984; Askren and Bloom, 1999; Doka, 1989, 1999; Aloi, 2009; Brodzinsky and Livingston-Smith, 2014). Although this work is relevant, the involuntary loss of a child through adversarial court proceedings is a very different experience, because parents are left with an indelible legal record that is highly consequential. In this article we provide a preliminary framework that captures the broad range of informal and formal consequences that follow for this particular group of parents. In addition to mourning the loss of their children, parents can experience social and legal stigmatization, sanctions on kin relationships and reduced welfare entitlements. With references to legislative and policy responses in England, the USA, and Australia, we argue that states (inadvertently) reinforce parents’ exclusion, where the full gamut of challenges parents face is poorly understood and postremoval support is lacking. Thus, we add to an important, but limited body of work concerned with parents’ life chances beyond family court intervention (Raskin, 1992; Carolan et al, 2010; Schofield et al, 2011; Neil, 2013). To aid our analysis, we turn to literature in the field of criminal justice that describes the collateral consequences of criminal justice involvement. In stark contrast to policy and research neglect of parents following child removal, this literature offers a wealth of theoretical and empirical work concerned with comprehensive support for offender rehabilitation (Logan, 2013; Love, 2015). Although there is some risk in drawing comparisons between parents within family proceedings and offenders within the criminal justice system, theoretical propositions provide a useful starting point for our project. By adapting vocabularies and conceptual ideas from this field, we find a way to capture the broader range of consequences that may help explain parents’ repeat appearances before the family court and generate fresh thinking about parent rehabilitation. This article is divided into a number of sections. Given the dearth of published work on policy and practice responses to parents following child removal, the first section provides readers with an extended background. We outline the reasons why parents are neglected at this juncture and in addition, make the case for a fundamental re-appraisal of state responses to parents beyond family justice involvement. We then turn to the criminological literature and consider what might be learned from an extensive international scholarship concerned with the collateral consequences of criminal justice involvement. Finally, we describe the range of both informal and formal consequences of court-ordered child removal, introducing a multi-dimensional framework that encapsulates the challenges faced by this population of parents, beyond the loss of their children. I I . B A C K G R O U N D 1. Birth parents beyond child removal: policy and legislative responses Where family courts deem that a child requires permanent placement in out-ofhome care or with adoptive parents, birth families typically disappear from the gaze 42 Karen Broadhurst and Claire Mason D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com law am /article/41/3065577 by gest on 15 D ecem er 2020 of services or find it very difficult to access support for their own rehabilitation. In the US and England, policy has moved in the direction of removing children more quickly from birth parents, with successive legislative developments giving greater emphasis to finding new families for young children (Gilmore and Bainham, 2015). In the US, the Federal law of the Adoption and Safe Families Act 1997 has been described as marking a shift away from family preservation towards an emphasis on the health, safety, and permanency needs of children (Whitt-Woosley and Sprang, 2014). This legislation directs child protection agencies and the courts to expedite the termination of parents’ rights, where parents are not able to show change within prescribed shorter timeframes. In England, we have witnessed similar legislative developments, with cross-party support for adoption as the preferred permanency option for infants and young children (Department for Education, 2013, 2016). Successive reforms to primary and secondary adoption legislation, now consolidated through the Children and Families Act 2014, emphasize earlier removal and placement with adoptive parents, where children cannot remain in the care of their birth families or extended family networks. In Australia, the most recent amendment to the Children and Young Person’s Care and Protection Act has also introduced a 6 months timescale for permanency decisions that concern infants (Fernandez, 2014). While it is entirely reasonable for states to encourage timely permanency plans for children, it is, arguably, unreasonable for parents’ own rehabilitation to be cut short because services reduce their involvement with parents following court proceedings. Although final evidence submitted at the close of care proceedings typically includes recommendations regarding parents’ treatment needs (e.g. for mental health or substance misuse problems), statutory frameworks in the US, England, and Australia, do not require the courts or children’s services to ensure these needs are met. In England, the Adoption and Children Act 2002 requires agencies to provide support to birth parents, but this typically takes the form of support for letter-box contact and brief counselling. In Australia, fewer children are adopted from care, and federal law and policy place a greater emphasis on family restoration. However, critics have argued that in the case of non-relative adoptions, post-adoption support services are limited and this is in spite of provisions set in place following Australia’s public apology to families on account of a difficult history of ‘forced’ adoption (Kenny et al, 2012). Where children remain in long-term foster care or with kin, the focus of professional services is again on reviewing the child and supporting his or her permanency placement. Birth parents will be kept informed of a child’s progress, but services will be reduced once reunification is ruled out. This is because child protection services are primarily focused on children and only tangentially concerned with the needs of parents (Kernan and Lansford, 2004; Wells and Marcenko, 2011; Gilbert et al, 2011). In Australia, the neglect of birth parents where children are in foster care has been subject to significant critique (Kapp and Propp, 2002; Kapp and Vela, 2004). Of course, lack of access to a continued programme of rehabilitation following care proceedings is particularly perilous for parents who return to the family court. For many of these parents,

Mohammed Bedjaoui

Alfredas Laurinavičius, Ilona Laurinaitytė, Laura Ustinavičiūtė

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Minesotos daugiafazis asmenybės aprašas-2 (MMPI-2) yra vienas dažniausiai pasaulyje naudojamų savistata paremtų klausimynų, skirtų pradiniam asmenybės savybių ir psichopatologijos įvertinimui įvairiausiose srityse, įskaitant ir teisėsaugą. Skirtingose nuteistųjų asmenų populiacijose atliekamuose tyrimuose dažniausiai nustatoma, kad teisės pažeidėjams būdingas asocialumas, impulsų kontrolės stygius, neatsakingumas ir kitos charakteristikos, atsispindinčios atskirų MMPI-2 skalių įverčiuose. Šio tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti laisvės atėmimo bausmę Lietuvoje atliekančių vyrų ir moterų asmenybės charakteristikas naudojant MMPI-2 ir išanalizuoti rezultatus gretinant juos su įprastai teisės pažeidėjų populiacijų tyrimuose gaunamais rezultatais. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Lietuvos nuteistuosius charakterizuojančios skalės atitinka kitose kultūrinėse aplinkose atliktų tyrimų rezultatus. Laisvės atėmimo bausmę atliekančius nuteistuosius geriausiai charakterizavo aukštesni Psichopatiškumo (Pd), Paranojiškumo (Pa), Antisocialaus elgesio (RC4), Persekiojimo idėjų (RC6), Nesivaldymo (DISC), Perdėtai kontroliuojamo priešiškumo (O-H), MacAndrew taisytos alkoholizmo (MAC-R) skalių įverčiai bei žemesni Ego stiprumo (Es) ir Socialinės atsakomybės (Re) skalių įverčiai. Gauti rezultatai atitinka daugelio kitų tyrimų rezultatus, ir tai pagrindžia MMPI-2 naudojimą nuteistųjų psichologiniam įvertinimui Lietuvoje.

Hélène Join-Lambert

Research with young people living in vulnerable situations shows tensions between the aim of finding out their perspective and that of respecting their need of controlling their image. In order to meet the two objectives, a research was conducted with 16 young people aged 14 to 18 living in care in France and England. It was aimed, on the one hand, at exploring young people’s narratives of their everyday life experience. On the other hand, it sought to develop research methods which would give young people as much control as possible over their own implication in the research and over the contents of their testimonies. For this purpose, we developed three different tools for data collection, including social mapping, guided walks and digital cameras. This article presents the main guidelines and the development of the research, the diversity of the data that was collected, and their potential for a qualitative understanding of young people’s everyday life in care. The article ends up with a questioning about strengths and limits of these tools from an ethical and a methodological perspective. Through these descriptions and analyses, it contributes to a reflection on methods which would be appropriate to the specificity of young people in care and more broadly, on implication of young people in research.

H. Elonheimo

L. Montaigne, O. Bernard, D. Fonseca et al.

INTRODUCTION By the end of 2011, 275,000 children in France were included in the Aide sociale à l'enfance (ASE, Child Welfare System). Half of these children were entrusted to public care. There is limited data on these children. The MDPH (Maison départementale des personnes handicapées) is an administrative body assisting in the care of disabled children, through material, financial, and human means. Analyzing MDPH medical records can provide medical information about these children. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of children left to the ASE with a record at MDPH in Bouches-du-Rhône. METHODS We extracted administrative data from two registers, the ASE register and the MDPH register. The MDPH medical files of each patient were analyzed and their medical information was coded: gestational age, deficiencies, and pathologies. RESULTS In Bouches-du-Rhône, 2965 children were entrusted, 506 (17%) of whom were known by the MDPH: 30.6% of the entrusted children known by MDPH were taken into foster care and 48% were in residential group homes. Half of the MDPH notifications concerned a referral to a school or medico-social institution. By analyzing the medical data, we observed an average of 2.1 deficiencies per child. The types of deficiencies were distributed as follows: 35.9% were psychological deficiencies, 26.4% were speech deficiencies, and 21.6% were intellectual cognitive deficiencies. The most common pathology was mental and behavioral disorder (71% of diagnoses). DISCUSSION The MDPH notification rate in children entrusted to public care was seven times higher than in the general population. Overall, explaining the relation between child abuse and neglect and disability is difficult. The psychopathology of these children is complex. These results show the importance of specific medical monitoring for these children.

Ivan Felizardo Contrera Toro

Os hospitais universitários vem atravessando uma crise de décadas, no que se refere a financiamento, gestão, inserção no SUS e relacionamento com a academia. A necessidade de mudanças neste modelo culminou com uma discussão de um programa entre gestores federais, estaduais, municipais e diversos membros da área hospitalar no sentido de recertificação e contratualização dos hospitais universitários, o que representa um avanço na implantação da integralidade e equidade do atendimento público.