Hasil untuk "Small and medium-sized businesses, artisans, handicrafts, trades"

Sarah Small, Yana Rodgers, Teresa Perry

This paper examines changes in occupational crowding of immigrant women in frontline industries in the United States during the onset of COVID-19, and we contextualize their experiences against the backdrop of broader race-based and gender-based occupational crowding. Building on the occupational crowding hypothesis, which suggests that marginalized workers are crowded in a small number of occupations to prop up wages of socially-privileged workers, we hypothesize that immigrant, Black, and Hispanic workers were shunted into frontline work to prop up the health of others during the pandemic. Our analysis of American Community Survey microdata indicates that immigrant workers, particularly immigrant women, were increasingly crowded in frontline work during the onset of the pandemic. We also find that US-born Black and Hispanic workers disproportionately faced COVID-19 exposure in their work, but were not increasingly crowded into frontline occupations following the onset of the pandemic. The paper also provides a rationale for considering the occupational crowding hypothesis along the dimensions of both wages and occupational health.

Miguel Ángel Sastre-Castillo, Mercedes Rubio-Andres, Jorge Linuesa-Langreo et al.

In an increasingly volatile and competitive environment, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must cultivate strong entrepreneurial competences to adapt effectively to ongoing market changes. These competences, grounded in organisational learning, innovation, and customer orientation, are shaped by how firms manage their talent and structure their internal operations. This study proposes an integrated model linking talent management to entrepreneurial competences, identifying cross-functional teams, organisational commitment, and employee professionalism as key mediating factors, while also examining the moderating influence of environmental dynamism. Based on survey data from 1,721 CEOs of Spanish SMEs across major economic sectors, the results show that firms investing in the attraction, development, and retention of talent demonstrate stronger entrepreneurial competences. These effects are further reinforced when collaboration within cross-functional teams and high levels of commitment and professionalism are present—particularly in more stable environments. The findings highlight the strategic value of proactive human capital management, cohesive multidisciplinary teams, and the promotion of commitment and professionalism as essential drivers of innovation and sustained competitiveness in today’s dynamic business context.

Jaleesa Wells, Rachel Shane

While entrepreneurship in education continues to grow, the arts and arts administration fields are trailing behind new, innovative, and enterprising curriculum development and progress. The continued rise of online learning environments creates opportunities for dynamic partnership development that democratizes the current structures of entrepreneurship education within the arts. This article presents the case of creative social entrepreneurship curriculum development as an opportunity to democratize arts administration education, highlighting the innovative online learning approach of the Department of Arts Administration at the University of Kentucky. It outlines the background of the emerging arts and entrepreneurship education landscape and specifically highlights the opportunity gap to develop an enterprising culture across arts and arts administration curriculum and in partnership with Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), which presently lack arts administration and entrepreneurship curricula in their art and design programs. Importantly, the article illustrates the possibilities of transdisciplinary curriculum development through the creation of an online certificate series in creative social entrepreneurship and provides the concepts, context, and framework for curriculum development. The value of democratizing curriculum development is through innovative approaches within cross-institutional partnerships within and between institutions. As such, this article highlights the possibilities of building partnerships with HBCUs as part of the development process for the creative social entrepreneurship certificate program series.

Jamey R. Halleck, Ralph E. McKinney

PurposeBuilding a new venture’s legitimacy can be considered an arduous task and maintaining that legitimacy is significantly important given the influence legitimacy has on access to scarce resources. There are many factors that may contribute to a new venture’s legitimacy and need to be investigated. The purpose of this paper is to explore how an entrepreneurial founder affects the legitimacy of a new venture and how employees may harm that legitimacy.Design/methodology/approachA review of the founder imprint, legitimacy and counterproductive work behavior literature was performed.FindingsBased on a review of the literature, four testable propositions are developed. The first suggests that an entrepreneurial founder’s imprint will influence a firm’s legitimacy. The remaining propositions focus on how dysfunctional behaviors, which are often visible to the public given that they are reported in the media, may harm the development of the new venture’s legitimacy when employees engage in those behaviors.Originality/valueThe new venture literature has examined many drivers of new venture legitimacy; however, the literature lacks an examination of the impact an entrepreneurial founder’s imprint makes on the new venture’s legitimacy. Another important contribution to the entrepreneurship literature is the assertion that counterproductive work behavior may impact the founder imprint on the legitimacy relationship. The study of the issues presented in this paper aims to provide a framework that may spur new research on these topics which leads to a better understanding of these relationships.

Julian Geheeb, Farhan Abid Ivan, Daniel Dyrda et al.

Recent research has demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can support experts across various domains, including game design. In this study, we examine the utility of medium-sized LLMs, models that operate on consumer-grade hardware typically available in small studios or home environments. We began by identifying ten key aspects that contribute to a strong game concept and used ChatGPT to generate thirty sample game ideas. Three medium-sized LLMs, LLaMA 3.1, Qwen 2.5, and DeepSeek-R1, were then prompted to evaluate these ideas according to the previously identified aspects. A qualitative assessment by two researchers compared the models' outputs, revealing that DeepSeek-R1 produced the most consistently useful feedback, despite some variability in quality. To explore real-world applicability, we ran a pilot study with ten students enrolled in a storytelling course for game development. At the early stages of their own projects, students used our prompt and DeepSeek-R1 to refine their game concepts. The results indicate a positive reception: most participants rated the output as high quality and expressed interest in using such tools in their workflows. These findings suggest that current medium-sized LLMs can provide valuable feedback in early game design, though further refinement of prompting methods could improve consistency and overall effectiveness.

Hossein Mansouri, Saeed Sadeghi Boroujerdi, Michael Polonsky et al.

Purpose – This study examines the role of market orientation in the relationship between internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation within private sports clubs. Design/methodology/approach – The research is a descriptive-correlational study based on private sports clubs employees within Iran (Sanandaj). A theoretical model was developed based on the literature and tested using SPSS and PLS-SEM software. Findings – The findings indicate a positive relationship between internal marketing and employees' entrepreneurial orientation. Market orientation has also played a positive mediating role in the relationship between internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation. Originality/value – The results suggest a higher level of market orientation in the organization can increase teamwork and, consequently, entrepreneurship development among employees. This is important in sports clubs as employees have a significant role in the success of the sports club. Club employees' satisfaction, generated through internal marketing, provides is a prerequisite for customer satisfaction. This therefore creates an environment supportive of entrepreneurial orientation in the club.

Larry Abdullai, Jari Porras, Sanaul Haque

Universities are racing towards making their campuses and cities smart in response to the global digitalization trend. However, the sustainability impact of Smart Campus research, development, and innovation services on other relevant stakeholders such as the small and medium-sized businesses, remain under-investigated. The Finnish National Smart Campus project seeks to bridge this gap by orchestrating a SC ecosystem where eight SC collaborate to bring trailblazing services to businesses and society. To maximize the sustainability impact of the SC ecosystem, this study used a participatory workshop to identify the challenges of SC, provide a step-by-step guide on how to identify other relevant stakeholders, and ascertain the perceived sustainability impact using one of the SC ecosystems RDIs as a case study. The preliminary results revealed that barriers to university-industry ecosystem development include (i), the lack of clarity in the shared goals (i.e., value proposition) between actors and (ii), weak stakeholder involvement in university RDI processes. Finally, this paper proposed a SC ecosystem model which offers a mindset shift for higher educational institutions in promoting the convergence of SC services and sustainability to support the sustainable development of Finnish-based SMEs.

Shah J Miah

With the advancement in the marketing channel, the use of e-commerce has increased tremendously therefore the basic objective of this study is to analyze the impact of business analytics and decision support systems on e-commerce in small and medium enterprises. Small and medium enterprises are becoming a priority for economies as by implementing some policies and regulations these businesses could encourage gain development on an international level. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of business analytics and decision support systems on e-commerce in small and medium enterprises that investigate the relationship between business analytics and decision support systems in e-commerce businesses. To evaluate the impact of both on e-commerce the, descriptive analysis approach is adopted that reviews the research of different scholars who adopted different plans and strategies to predict the relationship between e-commerce and business analytics. The study contributes to the literature by examining the impact of business analytics in SMEs and provides a comprehensive understanding of its relationship with the decision support system. After analyzing the impact of business analytics and decision support system in SMEs, the research also highlights some limitations and provide future recommendations that are helpful to overcome these limitations.

Matteo Bordignon

We give two improved explicit versions of the prime number theorem for primes in arithmetic progression: the first isolating the contribution of the Siegel zero and the second completely explicit, where the improvement is for medium-sized values. This will give an improved explicit Bombieri-Vinogradov like result for non-exceptional moduli.

Pallavi Basu, Dylan S. Small

Difference-in-differences analysis with a control group that differs considerably from a treated group is vulnerable to bias from historical events that have different effects on the groups. Constructing a more closely matched control group by matching a subset of the overall control group to the treated group may result in less bias. We study this phenomenon in simulation studies. We study the effect of mountaintop removal mining (MRM) on mortality using a difference-in-differences analysis that makes use of the increase in MRM following the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. For a difference-in-differences analysis of the effect of MRM on mortality, we constructed a more closely matched control group and found a 95\% confidence interval that contains substantial adverse effects along with no effect and small beneficial effects.

Irem Demirkan, Qin Yang, Crystal X. Jiang

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) of emerging market firms (EMFs) and provide direction for future research on the topic. Design/methodology/approach – The authors specifically review the recent literature between the years 2000 and 2019 on CE with the keywords “corporate entrepreneurship,” “emerging economies” and “emerging countries” published in the Australian Business Deans Council list journals. The authors review the existing literature about CE in emerging markets, summarize current achievements and present an agenda for future research. Findings – Based on the review, the authors categorized the macro and micro contexts of CE and summarized the current articles on CE in emerging markets within each macro and micro context. The authors conclude that despite the abundance of research on CE that investigates the three prongs of CE in terms of innovation, strategic renewal and new venturing in developed market contexts, there is a scarcity of literature that focuses on CE in emerging markets from a holistic perspective. Originality/value – While there is an abundance of literature review on CE in general in terms of the drivers of the construct, the contexts contributing to it and the outcomes, the reviews are lacking about CE specifically within the context of emerging markets. Emerging markets vary from developed markets institutionally, economically, culturally, socially and technologically. However, the questions of how these differences impact the CE activities, as it relates to innovation, venturing and strategic renewal in EMFs, and how these differences provide incentives or hinder the activities that contribute to CE remain mostly unanswered. This paper reviewed the research on CE and emerging market contexts from 2000 to present. It targets to provide a better understanding of the current achievement on this topic and what to be done in the future.

Michael Lebacher, Paul W. Thurner, Göran Kauermann

In this paper we use a censored regression model to investigate data on the international trade of small arms and ammunition (SAA) provided by the Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers (NISAT). Taking a network based view on the transfers, we not only rely on exogenous covariates but also estimate endogenous network effects. We apply a spatial autocorrelation (SAR) model with multiple weight matrices. The likelihood is maximized employing the Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization (MCEM) algorithm. Our approach reveals strong and stable endogenous network effects. Furthermore, we find evidence for a substantial path dependence as well as a close connection between exports of civilian and military small arms. The model is then used in a "forensic" manner to analyse latent network structures and thereby to identify countries with higher or lower tendency to export or import than reflected in the data. The approach is also validated using a simulation study.

Diego P. Tsutsumi, Amanda Fenerich, Thiago H. Silva

The identification of strategic business partnerships can potentially provide competitive advantages for businesses; however, due to the dynamics and uncertainty present in business environments, this task could be challenging. To help businesses in this task, this study presents a similarity model between businesses that consider the opinions of users on content shared by businesses on social media. Thus, this model captures significant virtual relationships among businesses that are generated by users in the virtual world. Besides, we propose an algorithm for detecting business communities in the considered model. We also propose an algorithm to identify possible business outliers in the detected communities, which could represent an automatic way to identify non-obvious relations that might deserve particular attention of business owners. By exploring approximately 280 million user reactions on Facebook, we show that our results could favor the development of, for example, a new strategic business partnership recommendation service.

Mauricio Monge Agüero

En este artículo, se analizan los factores asociados al éxito competitivo de las Spin-off académicas de las universidades públicas costarricense, se realizó una investigación cuantitativa en 44 Spin-off académicas identificadas. Los datos se analizaron mediante las técnicas estadísticas univariante, multivariante, y regresión logística. Los resultados muestran que las empresas fundadas por emprendedores académicos con un perfil académicamente competitivo dentro de la universidad y con altas motivaciones personales para emprender, así como, las empresas que ponen en práctica tanto factores asociados a la innovación y a la formación; como, factores asociados a la cultura intraemprendedora, se asocian al éxito competitivo. El análisis multivariante arrojó que las empresas fundadas por emprendedores con el deseo de poner en práctica el conocimiento técnico adquirido, que buscan trabajar por cuenta propia y las empresas que ponen en práctica favorecer que los empleados corran riesgos a favor de la empresa, aunque a veces se equivoquen, tienen mayor probabilidad de tener éxito competitivo. Los resultados son especialmente útiles para los gerentes de las Spin-off académicas y los organismos de fomento de dichas instituciones para que puedan diseñar y promover estrategias y políticas que favorezcan el crecimiento y competitividad de las Spin-off académicas

Dewang Gedia, Levi Perigo

Software-defined networking (SDN) is reshaping the networking paradigm. Previous research shows that SDN has advantages over traditional networks because it separates the control and data plane, leading to greater flexibility through network automation and programmability. Small business networks require flexibility, like service provider networks, to scale, deploy, and self-heal network infrastructure that comprises of cloud operating systems, virtual machines, containers, vendor networking equipment, and virtual network functions (VNFs); however, as SDN evolves in industry, there has been limited research to develop an SDN architecture to fulfill the requirements of small business networks. This research proposes a network architecture that can abstract, orchestrate, and scale configurations based on small business network requirements. Our results show that the proposed architecture provides enhanced network management and operations when combined with the network orchestration application (NetO-App) developed in this research. The NetO-App orchestrates network policies, automates configuration changes, and manages internal and external communication between the campus networking infrastructure.

Jennifer Novak-Leonard, Rachel Skaggs

There is a growing recognition within the arts and cultural field that the public roles and work of artists are changing. Within the field, artists are increasingly lauded for their work as entrepreneurs, civically-minded problem-solvers, and agents for social change. Amid a shift away from the arts policy paradigm that has largely focused on nonprofit organizations over the last half-century within the United States, there is a hypothesis stemming from within the arts and cultural field that a policy paradigm focused on artists' roles in community change, development, and placemaking will take hold. Public opinion and perceptions have an important influence on the formation of public policies, yet whether and how artists' roles in public life are perceived beyond the arts and cultural field is unknown. This lack of understanding impedes the arts and cultural field's ability to monitor if such a policy paradigm shift is occurring and to develop policies to support artists' work within and with communities. Therefore, we developed and pilot tested survey indicators to gauge public perceptions of artists within communities. In this article, we describe the indicators, report on the national pilot test topline results, and discuss the indicators' merits to be used over time drawing from the pilot test results. Understanding public perceptions of artists within communities can inform and influence policies supporting artists' work and offer a means to monitor shifts to the larger arts and cultural policy paradigm in the U.S.

Kiley Arroyo

The emerging field of creative placemaking represents a new paradigm of equity-focused community cultural development. While pieces of the infrastructure needed to sustain creative placemaking practices exist, they have yet to coalesce into a cohesive whole. To date, leading actors are investing in horizontal strategies to integrate creative placemaking across organizations, sectors, and systems. However, insights gained from local successes have not been fully translated vertically into the systems-level policy change required to have sustained impact. Inspired by the current state of the field, this paper examines how the rules of civic problem-solving are evolving to prioritize citizenship and leverage local knowledge, one expression of culture, by drawing on longstanding discourse in fields that range from architecture and planning to economics, political science, philosophy, sociology, and community psychology. As political forces reshape the role of localities, creative practitioners from diverse disciplines are uniquely positioned to directly affect the direction of development in new ways that build community power and position cultural considerations at the heart of governance. By adopting a systems view of place-based change and expanding the application of creative practices to participatory policymaking through a transversal approach, a cross-section of stakeholders can advance a more comprehensive model of equitable development. Doing so can help to strengthen creative democracy, which recognizes that critical imagination is the generative basis on which individuals and societies successfully engage with complexity, transform structures that allocate resources, and adapt to changing conditions over time.

Alka Gupta, Jerry Chen, Vishal K. Gupta

Studies of entrepreneurial orientation tend to merge its three components‐proactiveness, risk-taking, and innovativeness‐into a monolithic construct and analyze its relationship with firm outcomes at one point in time. This has resulted in knowledge voids related to the relative importance of the different components, their specific effect on value created by the firm, and their evolution over time. The present study links each component of entrepreneurial orientation to economic value creation using a longitudinal dataset. Results provide support for hypothesized relationships. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed.

P-A. G. Maugis, S. C. Olhede, P. J. Wolfe

We prove that counting copies of any graph $F$ in another graph $G$ can be achieved using basic matrix operations on the adjacency matrix of $G$. Moreover, the resulting algorithm is competitive for medium-sized $F$: our algorithm recovers the best known complexity for rooted 6-clique counting and improves on the best known for 9-cycle counting. Underpinning our proofs is the new result that, for a general class of graph operators, matrix operations are homomorphisms for operations on rooted graphs.

Daniel Sousa, Christopher Small

Data continuity for the Landsat program relies on accurate cross-calibration among sensors. The Landsat 8 OLI has been shown to exhibit superior performance to the sensors on Landsats 4-7 with respect to radiometric calibration, signal to noise, and geolocation. However, improvements to the positioning of the spectral response functions on the OLI have resulted in known biases for commonly used spectral indices because the new band responses integrate absorption features differently from previous Landsat sensors. The objective of this analysis is to quantify the impact of these changes on linear spectral mixture models that use imagery collected by different Landsat sensors. The 2013 underflight of Landsat 7 and 8 provides an opportunity to cross calibrate the spectral mixing spaces of the ETM+ and OLI sensors using near-simultaneous acquisitions from a wide variety of land cover types worldwide. We use 80,910,343 pairs of OLI and ETM+ spectra to characterize the OLI spectral mixing space and perform a cross-calibration with ETM+. This new global collection of Landsat spectra spans a greater spectral diversity than those used in prior studies and the resulting Substrate, Vegetation, and Dark (SVD) spectral endmembers (EMs) supplant prior global Landsat EMs. We find only minor (-0.01 < u < 0.01) differences between SVD fractions unmixed using sensor-specific EMs. RMS misfit fractions are also small (<98% of pixels with <5% RMSE), in accord with past studies. Finally, vegetation is used as an example to illustrate the empirical and theoretical relationship between commonly used spectral indices and subpixel fractions. SVD fractions unmixed using global EMs thus provide easily computable, linearly scalable, physically based measures of subpixel land cover which can be compared accurately across the entire Landsat 4-8 archive without introducing any additional cross-sensor corrections.