Hasil untuk "Photography"

A. Veeraraghavan, R. Raskar, Amit K. Agrawal et al.

Mary Tripsas

M. Stevens, C. Párraga, I. Cuthill et al.

Catherine L. Jan, Sanil Joseph, Algis J. Vingrys et al.

Abstract There are no prospective clinical studies evaluating artificial intelligence implementation for glaucoma detection in real-world settings. We developed an automated retinal photography and AI-based screening system and prospectively assessed its accuracy, feasibility, and acceptability in Australian general practice (GP) clinics. Adults aged 50 years or older were recruited during routine GP visits, with retinal images captured using an automated fundus camera and analysed by the AI system for glaucoma risk classification. Of 414 participants, 277 (66.9%) had analysable images, with a total of 483 eyes included. The AI system achieved an AUROC of 0.80, sensitivity of 65.0%, and specificity of 94.6%. Among 161 previously undiagnosed patients, 18 (11.2%) were identified as referable glaucoma. Patient feedback was positive, and clinic staff supported AI-assisted screening to enhance glaucoma care. Despite challenges such as lower sensitivity and image acquisition limitations, the system shows promise for opportunistic screening in primary care settings.

Pavlo Zaitsev, Liudmyla Lytvyniuk

The aim of the article is to define tendencies in the transformation of expressive and stylistic means in the Japanese landscape photography of the specified period, based on the analysis of archives of the Japanese landscape photography of the 1900s–1920s. Results. A stylistic transformation of the landscape genre, as well as a passing from the documentary fixation to expressive artistic solutions during the 1900s, are revealed on the example of Kurokawa Suizan’s works. A stylistic stabilisation of the landscape genre which started acquiring moderate expressiveness in the 1910s is grounded. Implementing small-format cameras in the 1910s is analysed using the example of Makoto Yoshino’s creativity, which has contributed to the compositional means’ expansion. The onset of stylistic shifts in the landscape genre during the 1920s under the influence of Constructivist tendencies is revealed on the example of Okubo Koroku’s practice. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the Ukrainian art history, an analysis of the transformation of expressive and stylistic means in the Japanese landscape photography of the 1900s–1920s is conducted. The European pictorialism assimilation and its synthesis with traditional Japanese painting is traced in the aspect of Kurokawa Suizan’s creativity in the 1900s. Materials concerning the influence of Constructivism on the landscape photography development in the 1920s are applied in the scientific circulation. Conclusions. The transformation of expressive and stylistic means in the Japanese landscape photography during the 1900s–1920s highlights a complex interplay between traditional aesthetics, European artistic influences and technical innovations. The 1900s were marked by the adaptation of the European pictorialist principles and their synthesis with the aesthetic basis of monochrome suiboku-ga painting, which led to the formation of a specific arsenal of expressive means. In the second half of the 1920s, under the influence of the Constructivist movement, active experiments with the compositional organisation of the frame and figurative expression means are observed. So, over the course of the 1900s–1920s, the Japanese landscape photography evolved from documentary fixing into an autonomous artistic direction that synthesised Western and national traditions, gradually securing its place in the Japanese cultural discourse.

Carlos E. Belz, Jonathan R.A. Molina, Julia M. Maccari et al.

ABSTRACT Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) is an invasive species that has caused major environmental and economic impacts in several regions where it has been introduced. In Brazil, since its introduction in 2019, it has been rapidly expanding its distribution. We aimed at describing its geographic distribution expansion on the southeast and southern coast of Brazil based on biodiversity monitoring surveys, underwater observations documented through photography, and using the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. The collected individuals were identified through morphological and molecular analyses, confirming the identity of the species. The available evidence suggests it is rapidly expanding its geographic distribution in Brazil. In total, we provide 53 new locality records where the species was found. This mollusk is known for its great invasive potential and can become an important environmental problem, as it can alter the structure of natural habitats and ecosystems, and negatively affect the commercial harvest of economically important native marine organisms.

Kyung-Tae Bae, MD, Hye-Won Jung, BS, Dong-Shin Lee, BS et al.

Background:. Demand for noninvasive body contouring is rising as patients seek alternatives to liposuction. We evaluated a device combining electrical muscle stimulation, radiofrequency, and vacuum technology for abdominal fat reduction and muscle enhancement. Methods:. In a prospective study, 20 adults (15 women, 5 men; 28–50 y; body mass index [BMI] 22–28 kg/m²) received 16 sessions over 8 weeks (two 30-min sessions/wk) targeting the abdomen. Outcomes at baseline and 1 month posttreatment included ultrasonographic abdominal fat and muscle thickness, waist circumference, BMI, standardized photography, and patient-reported satisfaction. Safety and downtime were documented. Results:. At 1 month, mean abdominal fat thickness decreased by 0.61 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.74; P < 0.001), and muscle thickness increased by 0.24 cm (95% CI, 0.17–0.31; P < 0.001). Waist circumference reduced by 2.13 cm (95% CI, 1.81–2.45; P < 0.001), and BMI changed by −0.53 (95% CI, −0.59 to −0.54; P < 0.001). Standardized images and patient ratings indicated improved contour and skin elasticity. The treatments were well tolerated, with high satisfaction and minimal downtime. Conclusions:. Combined electrical muscle stimulation, radiofrequency, and vacuum therapy produced significant reductions in abdominal fat and waist size, increased muscle thickness, and improved perceived contour with favorable tolerability. These findings support this multimodal, noninvasive approach as a promising option for abdominal shaping.

Jaden Myers, Keyhan Najafian, Farhad Maleki et al.

Deep learning models have been used for a variety of image processing tasks. However, most of these models are developed through supervised learning approaches, which rely heavily on the availability of large-scale annotated datasets. Developing such datasets is tedious and expensive. In the absence of an annotated dataset, synthetic data can be used for model development; however, due to the substantial differences between simulated and real data, a phenomenon referred to as domain gap, the resulting models often underperform when applied to real data. In this research, we aim to address this challenge by first computationally simulating a large-scale annotated dataset and then using a generative adversarial network (GAN) to fill the gap between simulated and real images. This approach results in a synthetic dataset that can be effectively utilized to train a deep-learning model. Using this approach, we developed a realistic annotated synthetic dataset for wheat head segmentation. This dataset was then used to develop a deep-learning model for semantic segmentation. The resulting model achieved a Dice score of 83.4% on an internal dataset and Dice scores of 79.6% and 83.6% on two external datasets from the Global Wheat Head Detection datasets. While we proposed this approach in the context of wheat head segmentation, it can be generalized to other crop types or, more broadly, to images with dense, repeated patterns such as those found in cellular imagery.

Jure Ahtik

The goal of the study was to determine how close the eye-tracking results predicted by the AI model are to actual measurements and whether they can be used in scientific research or in real business cases. The study was based on a carefully prepared photo database of 30 photos of varying complexity and colour. The photos were shown to 110 participants (age and gender evenly distributed), and eye-tracking device (Tobii X120) was used to measure how the photos were viewed. In comparison, the same photos were tested using an AI-based application (Expoze.io). The final results show the comparison between the heatmaps and transparent gaze visualisations of the collected data with the two used measurement methods. Suggestions are made in which cases and how the two described methods should be used.

Zihao Wang, Yuanbin Mo, Mingyue Cui et al.

Aerial photography is a long-range, non-contact method of target detection technology that enables qualitative or quantitative analysis of the target. However, aerial photography images generally have certain chromatic aberration and color distortion. Therefore, effective segmentation of aerial images can further enhance the feature information and reduce the computational difficulty for subsequent image processing. In this paper, we propose an improved version of Golden Jackal Optimization, which is dubbed Helper Mechanism Based Golden Jackal Optimization (HGJO), to apply multilevel threshold segmentation to aerial images. The proposed method uses opposition-based learning to boost population diversity. And a new approach to calculate the prey escape energy is proposed to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm. In addition, the Cauchy distribution is introduced to adjust the original update scheme to enhance the exploration capability of the algorithm. Finally, a novel "helper mechanism" is designed to improve the performance for escape the local optima. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we use the CEC2022 benchmark function test suite to perform comparison experiments. the HGJO is compared with the original GJO and five classical meta-heuristics. The experimental results show that HGJO is able to achieve competitive results in the benchmark test set. Finally, all of the algorithms are applied to the experiments of variable threshold segmentation of aerial images, and the results show that the aerial photography images segmented by HGJO beat the others. Noteworthy, the source code of HGJO is publicly available at https://github.com/Vang-z/HGJO.

Castro C, Marques JH, Silva N et al.

Catarina Castro,1 João Heitor Marques,1 Nisa Silva,1 Ana Carolina Abreu,1 Maria João Furtado,1,2 Miguel Lume1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar – Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalCorrespondence: Catarina Castro, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, 4099-001, Portugal, Tel +351222077500, Email catarinamscastro@gmail.comPurpose: To evaluate the agreement between conventional fundus photography (CFP) and multicolor fundus imaging (MFI) for the detection of lesions of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of eyes with DR or RVO who underwent CFP and MFI. All images were independently analyzed by two observers (O1 and O2), and the evaluated lesions were classified as “present” or “absent”. Then, a paired comparison between both exams of the same eye was performed, to assess which made it easier to detect the lesions.Results: Considering DR, the agreement was substantial for cotton wool spots and photocoagulation scars for both observers (O1: κ=0.75 and κ=0.67; O2: κ=0.71 and κ=0.64, respectively) and for hard exudates for O1 (κ=0.80). These lesions were detected more frequently on MFI. Regarding RVO, the agreement was considered substantial for venous sheathing by O1 (κ=0.64) and moderate for optociliary shunts by O2 (κ=0.60). Optociliary shunts were detected more frequently in CPF by both observers and venous sheathing on MFI by O1. For microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, retinal neovascularization, and proliferative membranes, in DR, and retinal hemorrhages, venous engorgement, and retinal neovascularization in RVO, the agreement was almost perfect (κ> 0.82). In the paired analysis, both observers considered that, in DR, microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages were easier to detect on CFP and that retinal neovascularization, cotton wool spots, and photocoagulation scars were easier to identify on MFI. Regarding RVO, optocilliary shunts were easier to identify on CFP and venous engorgement on MFI.Conclusion: The agreement of MFI and CFP was substantial to almost perfect for most lesions. MFI seems better to detect cotton wool spots and photocoagulations scars in DR and venous sheathing in RVO. Optocilliary shunts seem easier to detect on CFP.Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, multicolor, color fundus photography

Yaqin Jiao, Cong Ma, Juhua Luo et al.

To clarify the copyrights of 3D models of oblique photography (3DMOP) and guarantee their security, a novel security protection scheme of 3DMOP was proposed in this study by synergistically applying digital watermarking and data encryption. In the proposed scheme, point clouds were clustered first, and then the centroid and feature points of each cluster were calculated and extracted, respectively. Afterward, the watermarks were embedded into the point clouds cluster-by-cluster, taking distances between feature points and centroids as the embedding positions. In addition, the watermarks were also embedded using texture coordinates of 3DMOP to further enhance the robustness of the watermarking algorithm. Furthermore, Arnold transformation was performed on texture images of 3DMOP for security protection of classified or sensitive information. Experimental results have verified the strong imperceptibility and robustness of the proposed watermarking algorithm, as well as the high security of the designed data encryption algorithm. The outcomes of this work can refine the current security protection methods of 3DMOP and thus further expand their application scope.

Mary Ruth McDonald, Cyril Selasi Tayviah, Bruce D. Gossen

Aerial surveillance could be a useful tool for early detection and quantification of plant diseases, however, there are often confounding effects of other types of plant stress. Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB), caused by the fungus <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i>, is a damaging foliar disease of onion. Studies were conducted to determine if near-infrared photographic images could be used to accurately assess SLB severity in onion research trials in the Holland Marsh in Ontario, Canada. The site was selected for its uniform soil and level topography. Aerial photographs were taken in 2015 and 2016 using an Xnite-Canon SX230NDVI with a near-infrared filter, mounted on a modified Cine Star—8 MK Heavy Lift RTF octocopter UAV. Images were taken at 15–20 m above the ground, providing an average of 0.5 cm/pixel and a field of view of 15 × 20 m. Photography and ground assessments of disease were carried out on the same day. NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), green NDVI, chlorophyll index and plant senescence reflective index (PSRI) were calculated from the images. There were differences in SLB incidence and severity in the field plots and differences in the vegetative indices among the treatments, but there were no correlations between disease assessments and any of the indices.

Alexa L Li, Neal V Palejwala, Jessica G Shantha et al.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential insights into the pathogenesis of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) using multimodal diagnostic imaging and laboratory evaluation in long-term follow-up. A retrospective, single-center case series was conducted on seven consecutive patients (14 eyes) who were given a diagnosis of APMPPE from March 1, 2011, through June 30, 2019 with at least three months of follow-up. Clinical characteristics (age, symptoms, visual acuity [VA]), laboratory testing including coxsackievirus titers, and multimodal imaging from fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICG) were analyzed for each patient. The initial median VA was 20/71 and final median VA was 20/22. Coxsackievirus B (CVB) titers were elevated (≥ 1:80) in six of seven patients, with a four-fold increase in convalescent titers seen in two patients suggestive of recent infection. All patients were treated with oral corticosteroids, and five patients underwent corticosteroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy. Initially, multifocal deep choroidal lesions were observed in the posterior pole corresponding to patches of hypocyanescence on ICG. Overlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) disease was observed on FAF, although this finding was not universally observed, suggesting that RPE disease may occur as a sequelae to unchecked choroidal inflammation. SD-OCT architectural changes confirmed outer retina and ellipsoid zone disruption. FA of active lesions showed early hypofluorescence and late hyperfluorescence with surrounding leakage while inactive disease showed areas of staining. Long-term follow-up of multimodal diagnostic imaging in APMPPE revealed that choroidal inflammation likely precedes RPE change and photoreceptor damage. Elevation of coxsackievirus titers with seroconversion may be associated with an infectious trigger in concert with immune-mediated disease in this posterior uveitis syndrome.

Panáková Jaroslava

In ethno-tourism, both hosts and guests are engaged in the process of producing visible, viewable “tourist reality”. Instead of focusing either on the framing that structures the image production, or on the tourist images themselves, I shall propose a methodological approach that puts these two strands together. A touring experience in Yupik-Chukchi hamlet New Chaplino, Russia is analysed on the basis of Michael Yampolski’s concept of mimetic seeing (Yampolski, 2001); it corresponds to the key aspects of ethno-tourism – ethno-topian desire and cultural appropriation. In contrast, non-mimetic seeing parallels post-tourism. The study proposes a third category – doubling that reflects cultural interaction between the hosts and guests, in which Other is fully recognized. It is maintained that photographs do not serve just as traces of perception of other culture but also as ways of representation, which are acceptable in the local culture.

Pavlína MÍČOVÁ

In the early stages of the film (pre-cinematography), during the technological development of the kinescope (1865), or the moving photos, and later the flash photography (1873), the first attempts to record motion (biomechanics) appeared. The flash photography of the later period (protofilm) was replaced by the synthesis of motion (1878) when the social-cultural background also appeared on the moving photos, mainly focusing on selected themes reflecting the sports body and physicality in relation to the contemporary social atmosphere. The presented text selectively describes the development of body and body imaging in a limited period influenced by political-ideological mechanisms. However, it also functions as a factor that can influence society and bring about change. The documentary film cannot be unambiguously described as propaganda. The sport was not depicted solely from the perspective of the ideology of that time. But above all, mass exercises demonstrated the national community and state ideology.

Alise Tīfentāle, Lev Manovich

Magdy Al Nahif, Hamid Azab

The concept is the actual publication of the final output process for the production of informational content using various programs and techniques of printed or electronic media, or the Authority, and which include elements of the publication of the Broker informational steps, then diversified use of the mediator by Publishing Technology. The evolution of the concept of publishing as a result of the evolution of the amazing world of communications, computers and inf;2ormation, and the world has become a small village. Electronic publishing and became complements the printed publication and became Foliar play an important role in establishing a permanent connection between the university and the community and researchers to exchange information and research, which supports and facilitates the flow of information and supports interaction among them. The aim of the research is to shed light on the concept of publishing, its history, its development and its techniques, and to identify the obstacles facing the scientific publishing system at Taif University. With the provision of some solutions and proposals for the development of the university's publishing system. The researchers followed the descriptive analytical approach in analyzing the current situation of university publication to identify obstacles. The study concluded with a number of results, the most important of which are the following: 1. Establishment of a publishing center with conceptualize the organizational structure of the center. 2. Work on establishing a university press office with modern technological capabilities, with financial and administrative independence. 3. Launching a publishing center website that includes all works (especially translated books). 4. Inviting the university publishing houses to adhere to the standard specifications sufficiently

Andrea Russo, F. Morescalchi, C. Costagliola et al.

Purpose. To construct an inexpensive, convenient, and portable attachment for smartphones for the acquisition of still and live retinal images. Methods. A small optical device based on the principle of direct ophthalmoscopy was designed to be magnetically attached to a smartphone. Representative images of normal and pathological fundi were taken with the device. Results. A field-of-view up to ~20° was captured at a clinical resolution for each fundus image. The cross-polarization technique adopted in the optical design dramatically diminished corneal Purkinje reflections, making it possible to screen patients even through undilated pupils. Light emission proved to be well within safety limits. Conclusions. This optical attachment is a promising, inexpensive, and valuable alternative to the direct ophthalmoscope, potentially eliminating problems of poor exam skills and inexperienced observer bias. Its portability, together with the wireless connectivity of smartphones, presents a promising platform for screening and telemedicine in nonhospital settings. Translational Relevance. Smartphones have the potential to acquire retinal imaging for a portable ophthalmoscopy.

Bálint Kádár