Hasil untuk "Miscellaneous systems and treatments"

V. Devita, Samuel Hellman, S. Rosenberg

G. Grimbizis, M. Camus, B. Tarlatzis et al.

Jindřich Duník, Jan Krejčí, Jakub Matoušek et al.

This paper deals with the state estimation of non-linear and non-Gaussian systems with an emphasis on the numerical solution to the Bayesian recursive relations. In particular, this paper builds upon the Lagrangian grid-based filter (GbF) recently-developed for linear systems and extends it for systems with nonlinear dynamics that are invertible. The proposed nonlinear Lagrangian GbF reduces the computational complexity of the standard GbFs from quadratic to log-linear, while preserving all the strengths of the original GbF such as robustness, accuracy, and deterministic behaviour. The proposed filter is compared with the particle filter in several numerical studies using the publicly available MATLAB\textregistered\ implementation\footnote{https://github.com/pesslovany/Matlab-LagrangianPMF}.

Salvi S. Shah, Shraddha J. Diwan

Abstract Background and purpose Physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) appear to be a proposed way to improve global health, cognition, Executive functions and Academic Achievement (AA) in children and adolescents. Hence, the present study was undertaken to explore the relationship of Physical fitness with academic achievement among school children of Surat City. Results Within physical fitness components, a statistically significant negligible to weak positive correlation (“rho” value ranged from 0.04 to 0.26) was found for body composition, Muscular strength and endurance, flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance with academic achievement. A statistically significant weak negative correlation (“rho” value ranged from 0.1 to 0.14) was found between agility and academic achievement. All correlations remain significant in Spearman’s partial correlations analysis model adjusted for age and socio-economic status except the correlation of flexibility with academic achievement in girls. Conclusion and clinical implications The findings of the study suggest that in schoolchildren, academic achievement is significantly influenced by different components of physical fitness. More opportunities need to be made to help parents, educators, and teachers to see the importance of PF in addition to education in this competitive society.

Diego Tuzi, Thomas Delamotte, Andreas Knopp

This work investigates the impact of position and attitude perturbations on the beamforming performance of multi-satellite systems. The system under analysis is a formation of small satellites equipped with direct radiating arrays that synthesise a large virtual antenna aperture. The results show that performance is highly sensitive to the considered perturbations. However, by incorporating position and attitude information into the beamforming process, nominal performance can be effectively restored. These findings support the development of control-aware beamforming strategies that tightly integrate the attitude and orbit control system with signal processing to enable robust beamforming and autonomous coordination.

Mayara de Souza Dadda, Maria Beatriz Luce

Introdução: A Lei de Cotas é uma política pública educacional instituída no Brasil há mais de 10 anos, que visa democratizar o acesso de estudantes egressos de escolas públicas às instituições federais de educação superior e de ensino técnico por um recorte étnico-racial e de renda familiar per capita. Objetivo: Analisar progressos e desafios encontrados por universidades federais na aplicação do sistema de reserva de vagas, para avaliar se o grau de engajamento dessas com tal política promove a justiça social para os estudantes negros. Metodologia: Análise qualitativa de documentos oficiais relativos às cotas nas seis universidades federais com sede no Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de informações foi realizada nas respectivas páginas institucionais, focando em resoluções dos conselhos universitários e normativas sobre ações afirmativas. A técnica de análise documental permitiu reconstruir contextos históricos e adicionar uma perspectiva temporal à compreensão social. Resultados: A aplicação da Lei de Cotas variou significativamente entre as universidades federais estudadas. Quatro  já adotavam políticas de ação afirmativa antes de 2012, enquanto outras duas implementaram tais medidas pela obrigação legal. Duas universidades mostraram avanços não apenas no acesso, mas também na permanência dos estudantes cotistas, aproximando-se das medidas transformativas de Fraser, que visam mudanças estruturais. Em contrapartida, duas ainda precisam avançar para além das medidas afirmativas de acesso, adotando políticas que assegurem a permanência e a diplomação dos estudantes. Conclusão: A implementação de ações afirmativas é crucial para a promoção da justiça social na Educação Superior. As universidades federais sediadas no Rio Grande do Sul apresentam diferentes níveis de engajamento com essas políticas, refletindo suas histórias e contextos institucionais. É essencial continuar avançando nas políticas de inclusão, garantindo não apenas o acesso, mas também a permanência e o sucesso acadêmico dos estudantes cotistas para construir um sistema educacional mais inclusivo e equitativo.

Niklas Braun, Markus Steimle, Martin Törngren et al.

As simulation is increasingly used in scenario-based approaches to test Automated Driving Systems, the credibility of simulation results is a major concern. Arguably, credibility depends on the validity of the simulation setup and simulation models. When selecting appropriate simulation models, a trade-off must be made between validity, often connected to the model's fidelity, and cost of computation. However, due to the large number of test cases, expert-based methods to create sufficiently valid simulation setups seem infeasible. We propose using design contracts in order to semi-automatically compose simulation setups for given test cases from simulation models and to derive requirements for the simulation models, supporting separation of concerns between simulation model developers and users. Simulation model contracts represent their validity domains by capturing a validity guarantee and the associated operating conditions in an assumption. We then require the composition of the simulation model contracts to refine a test case contract. The latter contract captures the operating conditions of the test case in its assumption and validity requirements in its guarantee. Based on this idea, we present a framework that supports the compositional configuration of simulation setups based on the contracts and a method to derive runtime monitors for these simulation setups.

H. Ogiwara, Yu-Mei Liao, Tai-Tong Wong

Ludger Feyen, Christoph Artzner, P. Paprottka et al.

Abstract Purpose  To provide an overview of endovascular treatment of renal artery stenosis (RAS) using the data of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für interventionelle Radiologie (DeGIR) quality management system. Materials and Methods  A retrospective analysis was performed. Pre-, peri- and postprocedural data, technical success rates, complication rates, and clinical success rates at dismissal were examined. Results  Between 2018 and 2021, 2134 angiography examinations of the renal arteries were performed: diagnostic angiography in 70 patients (3 %), balloon angioplasty in 795 (37 %), stent implantation in 1166 (55 %) and miscellaneous procedures in 103 (5 %). The lesion length was less than or equal to 5 mm in 1837 patients (87 %), between 5 and 10 mm in 197 (9 %), and between 10 and 20 mm in 62 (3 %). The degree of stenosis was less than 50 % in 156 patients (7 %), greater than 50 % in 239 (11 %), and greater than 70 % in 1472 (70 %). Occlusion was treated in 235 patients (11 %). Symptoms at discharge resolved in 600 patients (29 %), improved in 1012 (49 %), were unchanged in 77 (4 %), and worsened in 5 (0.2 %). Complications were reported in 51 patients (2.5 %) and the mortality rate was 0.15 %. Conclusion  A substantial number of patients with RAS and occlusions were treated by radiologists in Germany, with high technical success rates and low complication rates. The indication should be determined carefully as the current European guidelines for the treatment of RAS suggest that only carefully selected groups of patients will benefit from recanalizing treatment. Key Points:   Carefully selected patient groups may benefit from endovascular treatment of renal artery stenosis. Analysis of the DEGIR quality management database shows that treatment of renal artery stenosis was performed by radiologists in Germany with high technical success rates and low complication rates. Recanalization even led to symptom improvement in a large proportion of patients with occlusions.

Annamma Spudich

Renewed awareness of the potentials of traditional medical systems and the limits of biomedicine have opened the dialog on making integrative medical therapies more mainstream. The vast resources of traditional medical knowledge from classical medical texts, folk medical practices based on the rich biodiversity available in India, and sophisticated experimental science and biomedical practice, places India in a unique place to lead the effort into integrative medicine to address some of the emerging global health care issues. Frequent use of antibiotics for minor ailments, for example, have been shown to develop adverse consequences for individuals and for public health globally. Here I propose that educating the public with controlled outcome-based studies, on the power of traditional therapies to stimulate the immune system, enhance anti-inflammatory activities and to promote cell growth, are needed to bring back traditional remedies into everyday use for minor illnesses in place of commonly used biomedicines that have long term adverse consequences. For simplicity, such studies should begin with single medicinal plants that derive from folk and Ayurvedic traditions. In addition, fundamental principles underlying the efficacy of traditional therapies and their long-term advantage for wellness, needs to be integral parts of education of biomedical physicians to make integrative medicine a reality.

Xinyi Li, Sheng Lin, Yi Lin et al.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Xi Shao Formula (XSF) in treating neuropathic pain (NP) through metabolomics and network pharmacology. Methods: A chronic compression injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve model was established to simulate NP; following CCI induction, animals were gavaged with normal saline, XSF, or the positive control drug pregabalin for 21 days. Serum metabolomics methods and enrichment analysis were employed to identify significant serum metabolites and metabolic pathways influenced by XSF. Through network pharmacology and liquid chromatograph with mass spectrometer analyses, the active compounds and targets of XSF for treating NP were analyzed. Additionally, the serum metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis results were integrated, drawing network diagrams illustrating the relationships between “target, metabolic pathway, and metabolite” using Cytoscape 3.9.1. The findings were further validated through molecular docking. Results: Based on metabolomics, 11 differential endogenous metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers related to XSF for treating NP; functional enrichment analysis revealed eight metabolic pathways in XSF for treating NP. Based on integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology, the “monoamine oxidase A (MAOA)/MAOB/tyrosinase (TYR)–tyrosine metabolism pathway–gentisic acid” emerged as a significant network pathway in XSF for treating NP. The molecular docking results revealed high affinity and stable interaction between the active components of XSF and their respective target, namely MAOA, MAOB, and TYR (binding energy < −5 kcal/mol). Conclusion: Our findings supported and enhanced our current understanding of the therapeutic effects of XSF on NP, providing a scientific basis for the clinical application and mechanism research of XSF.

Nikolaos Kondylidis, Ilaria Tiddi, Annette ten Teije

We propose a method that allows to develop shared understanding between two agents for the purpose of performing a task that requires cooperation. Our method focuses on efficiently establishing successful task-oriented communication in an open multi-agent system, where the agents do not know anything about each other and can only communicate via grounded interaction. The method aims to assist researchers that work on human-machine interaction or scenarios that require a human-in-the-loop, by defining interaction restrictions and efficiency metrics. To that end, we point out the challenges and limitations of such a (diverse) setup, while also restrictions and requirements which aim to ensure that high task performance truthfully reflects the extent to which the agents correctly understand each other. Furthermore, we demonstrate a use-case where our method can be applied for the task of cooperative query answering. We design the experiments by modifying an established ontology alignment benchmark. In this example, the agents want to query each other, while representing different databases, defined in their own ontologies that contain different and incomplete knowledge. Grounded interaction here has the form of examples that consists of common instances, for which the agents are expected to have similar knowledge. Our experiments demonstrate successful communication establishment under the required restrictions, and compare different agent policies that aim to solve the task in an efficient manner.

Yan Wang, Yuhang Li, Ruihao Gong et al.

Extensive studies have shown that deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial and natural noises, yet little is known about model robustness on noises caused by different system implementations. In this paper, we for the first time introduce SysNoise, a frequently occurred but often overlooked noise in the deep learning training-deployment cycle. In particular, SysNoise happens when the source training system switches to a disparate target system in deployments, where various tiny system mismatch adds up to a non-negligible difference. We first identify and classify SysNoise into three categories based on the inference stage; we then build a holistic benchmark to quantitatively measure the impact of SysNoise on 20+ models, comprehending image classification, object detection, instance segmentation and natural language processing tasks. Our extensive experiments revealed that SysNoise could bring certain impacts on model robustness across different tasks and common mitigations like data augmentation and adversarial training show limited effects on it. Together, our findings open a new research topic and we hope this work will raise research attention to deep learning deployment systems accounting for model performance. We have open-sourced the benchmark and framework at https://modeltc.github.io/systemnoise_web.

Sihong He, Shuo Han, Fei Miao

Electric autonomous vehicles (EAVs) are getting attention in future autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD) systems due to their economic and societal benefits. However, EAVs' unique charging patterns (long charging time, high charging frequency, unpredictable charging behaviors, etc.) make it challenging to accurately predict the EAVs supply in E-AMoD systems. Furthermore, the mobility demand's prediction uncertainty makes it an urgent and challenging task to design an integrated vehicle balancing solution under supply and demand uncertainties. Despite the success of reinforcement learning-based E-AMoD balancing algorithms, state uncertainties under the EV supply or mobility demand remain unexplored. In this work, we design a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL)-based framework for EAVs balancing in E-AMoD systems, with adversarial agents to model both the EAVs supply and mobility demand uncertainties that may undermine the vehicle balancing solutions. We then propose a robust E-AMoD Balancing MARL (REBAMA) algorithm to train a robust EAVs balancing policy to balance both the supply-demand ratio and charging utilization rate across the whole city. Experiments show that our proposed robust method performs better compared with a non-robust MARL method that does not consider state uncertainties; it improves the reward, charging utilization fairness, and supply-demand fairness by 19.28%, 28.18%, and 3.97%, respectively. Compared with a robust optimization-based method, the proposed MARL algorithm can improve the reward, charging utilization fairness, and supply-demand fairness by 8.21%, 8.29%, and 9.42%, respectively.

Vivek Kumar, Russell D. Dolan, Allison L. Yang et al.

Naufal Rizky Perdana, Gayatri Adhasari, Erlina Puspitaloka Mahadewi

The existence of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) implementation means that everyone in Indonesia will have access to the health services they need, when and where they need it, without financial hardship. It covers a wide range of essential health services, from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and miscellaneous care. Many countries are already making progress towards UHC, although the ubiquity of the global covid-19 pandemic is impacting the availability of health systems' ability to provide undamaged healthcare. All countries can take action to move more quickly towards UHC despite the setbacks caused by the pandemic, or to maintain the gains they have made. Indonesia continues to strive to realize Universal Health Coverage (UHC) through the implementation of the National Health Insurance-Healthy Indonesia Card (JKN-KIS) program whose program has been implemented by the government since 2014. Since the enactment of the policy on providing health services for the community through the National Health Insurance and the Healthy Indonesia card (JKN-KIS) by the Government, there have been more than 40 million people who have not been registered as participants in the National Health Insurance-Healthy Indonesia Card (JKN-KIS) program. This study uses a qualitative method by making a literature review with the aim of making it affordable for those whose health has not been protected through JKN-KIS services. As a recommendation in efforts to accelerate the achievement of UHC, the government must be committed to reducing the level of inequality between provinces and regions as well as regions in Indonesia, by building better health infrastructure and facilities, including a more even distribution of health workers in provinces with a UHC service coverage index that is still low.

R. Ma, Xiaohong Liu, Haining Tian et al.

Abstract The present study identified the volatile compounds profile in raw muscle of triploid rainbow trout with different marketable sizes (eviscerated weight: 2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg, respectively). Six fish per each size treatment were sampled in a local commercial trout farm, then raw muscles of sampled fish were filleted to detect the volatile compounds by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS) analysis coupled with automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) system. Results showed that a total of 58 volatile compounds were identified in raw muscle of triploid rainbow trout, including aldehydes (20 species), ketones (6 species), alcohols (9 species), hydrocarbons (11 species), aromatics (6 species) and miscellaneous compounds groups (6 species). The subtotal estimated concentration of aldehydes group was significantly higher than those of the other volatile groups (P  0.05). Based on the principle component analysis and cluster analysis using the odor activity values of 21 odor-active compounds, the overall odors of raw muscle might be similar in triploid rainbow trout with different marketable sizes.

Carla Regina Silva Soares, Fátima Corrêa Oliver, Juliana de Oliveira Barros et al.

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Yuyun Ika Christina, Muhaimin Rifa’i, Nashi Widodo et al.

Background: Elephantopus scaber and Phaleria macrocarpa have recently been interested as novel anticancer agents. However, there was no scientific evaluation of the anticancer effect of both plant combinations. Objective: This study investigated the potential anticancer effects of combined E. scaber and P. macrocarpa leaves extract on human breast cancer cells lines. Materials and methods: T47D cells were treated with the combination of E. scaber and each part of P. macrocarpa (leaves/EL, mesocarp/EM, seed/ES and pericarp/EP). T47D cells were then exposed to three ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 1:2) of the best combination for 24, 48, and 72 h. The cell viability of T47D and TIG-1 cells was assessed using WST-1 assay. The apoptotic hallmarks were determined using FITC Annexin V-PI staining and DNA fragmentation assay. The cell proliferation and cell cycle profiles were analyzed using CFSE (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester) and Propidium iodide-flowcytometry assays. The relative number of p-ERα, p-Nrf2, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were assessed using flow cytometry. The molecular docking analysis was also performed to confirm the mechanism of the extract in silico. Results: The combination of E. scaber and P. macrocarpa leaves (EL) possessed strong cytotoxic activity (p < 0.05) than other combination groups and cisplatin. EL showed selective killing only to T47D cells. EL at a ratio of 2:1 potentially suppressed the cell viability and cell division, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle of T47D cells by triple inhibiting the p-Nrf2, p-ERα, and p-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that the possible mechanism of EL to reduce T47D cell growth was by inhibiting ERα and Nrf2-complex, resulting in the reduction in the crosstalk effect of Nrf2, ERα and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Conclusion: The combination of leaf extracts from E. scaber and P. macrocarpa caused cell death in breast cancer cells T47D and not in normal cells TIG-1; hence has the potential to show anticancer efficacy in preclinical and clinical trials.

Luiza Ribeiro da Silva, Carla Regina Silva Soares, Gabriela Pereira Vasters et al.

Introdução: Coletivos juvenis de periferias urbanas têm se constituído em torno de linguagens artísticas diversas e adquirido importância central na mediação das juventudes com a sociedade. Alguns se reúnem em torno dos Sound Systems de música reggae, que com a ocupação sonora de espaços públicos com caixas de som empilhadas e discos de vinil criam eventos culturais de rua. Objetivos: Conhecer os Sound Systems como atividade cultural, bem como suas repercussões no cotidiano de jovens que participam de coletivos que os promovem. Metodologia: Observações em eventos de Sound System e entrevistas com seletores de coletivos, interpretadas por análise temática. Resultados e discussão: Os coletivos se organizam na conjunção entre sonoridade, celebração e difusão de valores ligados à cultura negra. Para os seletores, o Sound System deve oferecer oportunidades de aprendizagem sobre a opressão histórica dos povos negros, bem como de fortalecimento da identidade e cultura negra. O pertencimento social, a elevação da autoestima e as oportunidades de aprendizagem pessoal foram mudanças associadas por eles à participação na cultura Sound System. Considerações finais: Os coletivos buscam ativamente produzir pontes entre o universo reggae jamaicano e as realidades dos jovens negros das periferias pobres da cidade de São Paulo, investindo no resgate da história e dos poderes agregadores da memória, da sonoridade, e de símbolos e mensagens da cultura reggae.