Hasil untuk "Marketing. Distribution of products"

S. Vargo, R. Lusch

Anthony R. White

Olusegun Timothy Odesola, Wilfred Olusoji Abila, Julianah Abosede Akinola

Disruptive times happen, and there is a chance of unpreparedness confronting the populace. However, it offers opportunities to adopt new methods or reinforce alternative processes in delivering value to customers. Remote work has always been practised globally, but the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced its practice. This study examined the connection between remote work management practices (RWMPs) and the operational performance of companies in the Nigerian telecommunication industry. The study’s population comprised the workers of the four (4) prominent telecommunication firms in Nigeria. The telecommunication firms in Nigeria at the point of time of this study were GLO, MTN, AIRTEL, and 9Mobile. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to 400 randomly selected respondents from a target population of 7,756, with 340 participants completing the survey, providing valuable primary data for this study. Descriptive statistical tools and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed to analyze the data collected. Findings from the empirical study showed that RWMPs significantly and positively influence companies' operational performance in the Nigerian telecommunication industry. It was found that RWMPs substantially improve the operational performance of telecommunication companies in a developing economy like Nigeria. Consequently, it was recommended that the management of the companies in the Nigeria telecommunication industry provide more ICT facilities and other resources to sustain their RWMPs. To ensure that the operational performances of these firms will continue to improve at a geometrical rate management should not allow their staff to waste productive hours in their daily commute to work. The study was limited to telecommunication firms in Nigeria, therefore future studies could expand the scope to include other countries or regions, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.

Alejandro Uribe, Mariana Yepes, Juan Pablo González-Alzate et al.

The detrimental impact of fossil fuel dependence on the environment and human health needs a shift towards sustainable transportation solutions. Electric mobility, exemplified by electric vehicles (EVs), presents a promising solution to combat air pollution and address climate change concerns. However, the widespread adoption of EVs faces obstacles such as charging time and range anxiety. Battery Swapping (BS) stations have emerged as a potential remedy, facilitating quick battery exchanges to address these issues. This research proposes a method to determine charging policies for hybrid motorcycle fleets using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and a simple greedy heuristic algorithm to minimize battery degradation and reduce the operating costs of a BS station designed for hybrid motorcycles. By employing these two solution techniques, we focus on evaluating the practicality of these stations and the impact of smart charging decisions on pricing. 10 unique instances were generated using six distinct values of time deltas, resulting in a total of 60 individual instances to evaluate various simulation scenarios, highlighting distinct operational dynamics for motorcycle and station management. Notably, objective function values were lower in the first 20 instances, with the heuristic outperforming the exact method by approximately 175,000 COP in the initial 10 instances. The models demonstrated greater cost efficiency at three and five-minute deltas, effectively capturing real dynamics and minimizing unexpected fluctuations. Simulation times varied significantly, with the heuristic method running between 0.001 and 0.005 s compared to the 50 to 200 s for the more complex exact method, which exhibited a broader range of results but also higher variability, indicating less consistency than the more stable heuristic approach.

Manabu Mizuno, Mitsuru Nakagawa, Daisuke Ishida

Hardware start-up companies (HWSUs) often face “ambiguous problems” before and after their establishment. In this study, we examine such ambiguous problems, as well as their solution behavior and support by analyzing single case data. In this case study, the HWSU had many ambiguous problems in two areas: functional design and technological design. However, it is difficult for a HWSU that does not have sufficient resources and expertise to address these issues alone. To discuss this problem, we focus on DMM.make Akiba, a HWSU support organization. This organization contributes to growth of HWSUs through two support mechanisms: tech staff help to identify inherent problems with technological design by suggesting the importance of specific development goals and roadmaps, and community managers contribute to recognition of key problems with functional design by activating members and partners as one community.

S. Basuki, Munir Eti Wulanjari, Komalawati et al.

Shallots are one of the horticultural products that have important economic values. The objective of this study is to analyse the performance of production and price as well as to identify the marketing system of shallot. The research used time-series data from 2009 to 2018. The data was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the harvested area and production of shallot have an increasing trend, while the productivity of shallots has a decreasing trend during the last 10 years (2009 to 2018). The price of shallots has been fluctuating from 2009 to 2018. The fluctuation of shallots price was caused by the fluctuation of production. The distribution of shallots from production centres to end consumers requires marketing services carried out by marketing agents. The shallot marketing channel involves two or more market players. The longer the marketing channel, the higher the marketing margin, and the lower the share of the price would be received by farmers (profit sharing). Conversely, the shorter the marketing channel, the lower the marketing margin and the higher the share of farmers would be. Therefore, to increase farmer share, there should be an institution that could facilitate a shorter marketing margin between farmers and consumers.

Yaşar Turna

Turkey adopted an export-dependent growth strategy after the 1980 liberalization. In later years, with the impact of this strategy, Turkey's export structure and performance became a subject of investigation. Thus, when the export structure is evaluated, dependence of the export oriented industries on capital goods, intermediate goods, and energy is remarkable. Therefore, in this study, the development of import-based exports in Turkey between 1996:1 and 2018:4 was tested by the ARDL bound test method. As a result of the analyses, the effect of intermediate goods, capital goods, and energy imports, which have a higher amount of imports than other imported goods in the short and long term in Turkey, is noteworthy. Hence, the study is important and different from other studies in that it verifies the Turkey’s industrial structure tending towards the assembly industry since its recent export structure has shown an import-oriented development and the share of imports of intermediate goods in its exports is high.

G. Chaboud, P. Moustier

Abstract Food loss and waste (FLW) in developing countries is often high at postharvest stages due to technical and infrastructural constraints, while supermarket expansion has induced organizational, institutional and technological changes in the agrifood supply chains. Here we assess the volume of FLW along a food supply chain (FSC) and analyze the roles that supermarket and non-supermarket channels play in dealing with FLW. The study is based on primary data collected along a tomato chain—from production to retailing—in Cali (Colombia). The results revealed relatively low FLW due to: 1) the diversity of consumer preferences, 2) the reduced harvest-to-sale time, 3) the marketing strategies adopted to sell downgraded and damaged products, and 4) the overlap and complementarity between supermarket and non-supermarket channels. The study highlights the importance of preserving the diversity of these marketing channels to avoid unsold food products, meet the range of consumers’ needs, while providing greater marketing opportunities for farmers.

Irena Đalić, Željko Stević, Ž. Erceg et al.

The management of manufacturing companies faces a number of decisions, and one of the most important is the selection of distribution channels. A large number of these companies do not sell their products directly to end consumers. For this reason, there are marketing intermediaries between manufacturers and end consumers whose primary function is to connect manufacturers and consumers. Their task is to provide the goods from manufacturers to consumers with the satisfaction of logistics characteristics: at the right time, at the right place and in a form that is convenient to use, and certainly with minimal costs. Distribution is one of four marketing mix instruments without which the optimal combination of the instruments would not be obtained. Thus, the decision on selecting distribution channels is as important as the decisions regarding products, prices and promotion. Based on the set criteria and the evaluation of certain distribution channels by the criteria, the management of the company will be able to make the best decision. The evaluation of distribution channels based on the set criteria was performed by marketing experts and experts in certain markets using an integrated multi-criteria model. The FUCOM method was applied to determine the significance of the criteria, and then the distribution channels were evaluated by applying the new MARCOS method. Thereafter, a sensitivity analysis was performed using other MCDM methods to verify the results previously obtained.

Yanto Ramli, Dudi Permana, Mochamad Soelton et al.

The disposal of plastic waste in the ocean has become a serious issue in Indonesia. There has been plenty of news referring the plastic trash in the Ocean, which has harm and kill lots of sea animals around the ocean and also create unhealthy environment. The intention of this study is to analyze and implement green marketing in fast food restaurants to promote and educate customers referring to the dangers of using plastic products and  control them from the fast food restaurants. This research is to analyze the customer awareness and bahavior towards their purchase decision in relating to green marketing as the intervening variable. The collection of data is done through the distribution of questionnaire to the respondents,thecustomers ofKFC restaurants in Jakarta, Indonesia is the respondent of this research. The method of analysis is based on descriptive and verification research, the sample determination is usingPurposive Random Sampling and the data analysis is using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results show that customer awareness and customer behavior have positive and significant effect towards green marketing and customer behavior has the most significant influence towards green marketing compared to customer awareness. The results show that KFC customers' awareness concerning the plastic waste is still low eventhough they understand the danger of the plastic waste, but gradually their behavior of preventing the plastic products start to increase after implementing green marketing which have educate them concerning the danger of plastic waste and the limitation of plastic products in the restaurants.

Qausar Eganael Putra, Z. Tarigan, R. Sitepu et al.

The hospitality business is rapidly growing and has caused fierce competition in this industry. It can be seen from the number of new hotels particularly for the 2 and 3-star hotels, and budget hotels in Surabaya. The hotels applied various strategies in acquiring new customers and retain loyal customers in the pursuit of a high level of occupancy in order to maintain business continuity. Performing appropriate marketing tactics is one of the ways to enable the hotel to increasing occupancy rates. Marketing strategy is associated with the products, prices, promotions, and distribution. This study aims at seeking the impact of the product, prices, promotion, and distribution on the consumer purchasing decisions. The population is all visitors to budget hotels located in the city of Surabaya. The data collection was conducted by distributing the self-administered questionnaire to 150 visitors. Of the 150, 125 questionnaires were valid for further analysis. The sampling frame uses judgmental sampling techniques. Data processing used multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The results showed that hotel products have an influence on consumer purchasing decisions; prices have an influence on consumer purchasing decisions. The location of the hotel affects the purchase decision. Promotion performed by the hotel influence the purchase decision by the consumer. This research model needs to be developed by providing service process variables and employee competencies in hotels in Surabaya.

Natalya Vinokurova

What strategies do firms use to change their customers’ preferences? This paper addresses this question by developing a conceptual model that combines the representation of customer preferences as a demand landscape with research on marketing and psychology. I suggest that in addition to repositioning their products to accommodate customer preferences, firms also change the distribution of customer preferences to accommodate the firms’ products. Specifically, I argue that firms alter customer preferences by adding, removing, and transforming the dimensions of the demand landscape. I illustrate the model with an historical case study of the U.S. market for mortgage-backed securities (MBS) between 1968 and 1987, a period during which MBS issuers succeeded in reshaping the bond demand landscape to promote the acceptance of MBS as bonds.

G. Trinh, A. Corsi, L. Lockshin

Abstract This study proposes an alternative approach to the usual cognitive investigation of the purchasing behaviour for food products by country-of-origin (COO). The new approach is based on two well-known behavioural models: the Negative Binomial Distribution and the Dirichlet model. Using two large datasets of actual purchasing of COOs of wine and butter in the UK, the study finds that both models are capable of describing and predicting COO purchasing behaviour in a probabilistic and polygamous manner (not loyal to one origin). The study also identifies several important patterns of COO purchases that are associated with these models, including the double jeopardy pattern and the duplication of purchase pattern. These patterns can be used to develop strategy to grow product sales based on COO. They can also be used to evaluate the effects of marketing interventions, such as origin-based promotions and communications based on COO.

Oktavianus Barcelona, T. Tumbel, J. Kalangi

Related research to study the large influence of mixed mixtures on purchasing decisions onCV. Justitia Lembata Motor can compete from several of the same companies in motorcyclesales. Partially significant for purchasing decisions. Marketing mix is a combination of fourvariables or activities which are the core of the marketing system, namely: products, pricestructures, promotional activities, and distribution systems. Consumer purchasing decisionsare the final purchases of consumers both individuals and households, who buy goods andservices for personal purchases. This research uses quantitative methods, data collectiontechniques using questionnaires. The population in this study were motorcycle buyers andcustomers at CV. Justin Motor Lembata. The sample taken was 50 respondents using simplerandom sampling technique. The research method used is simple linear regression. The 0.014constant is the same as the result of the buyer's decision to buy at 0.014% and the regressioncoefficient of the marketing mix variable is 0.667 units to one so that the purchasing decisionincreases by 0.667%.

Amalesh Sharma, V. Kumar, Koray Cosguner

In emerging markets, the effective implementation of distribution strategies is challenged by underdeveloped road infrastructure and a low penetration of retail stores that are insufficient in meeting customer needs. In addition, products are typically distributed in multiple forms through multiple retail channels. Given the competitive landscape, manufacturers’ distribution strategies should be based on anticipation of competitor reactions. Accordingly, the authors develop a manufacturer-level competition model to study the distribution and price decisions of insecticide manufacturers competing across multiple product forms and retail channels. Their study shows that both consumer preferences and estimated production and distribution costs vary across brands, product forms, and retail channels; that ignoring distribution and solely focusing on price competition results in up to a 55% overestimation of manufacturer profit margins; and that observed pricing and distribution patterns support competition rather than collusion among manufacturers. Through counterfactual studies, the authors find that manufacturers respond to decreases in distribution costs and to the exclusive distribution of more preferred manufacturers by asymmetrically changing their price and distribution decisions across different retail channels.

Jennifer L. Pomeranz, Jennifer L. Harris

Foods and beverages marketed for infants, babies, and toddlers through 3 years of age is a $7 billion industry in the United States, incorporating a wide range of products, including infant formula and other types of drinks, foods, and snacks. The World Health Organization (“WHO”) found that mothers “are often inundated with incorrect and biased information” from direct advertising, health claims on products, information packs from sales representatives, and the distribution of samples of infant formula and “educational materials” by infant formula manufacturers. To address these problematic practices, in 1981, the WHO established the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the “Code”) to end the inappropriate marketing of infant formula and other food and drinks intended for children up to age two. In 2016, WHO expanded the definition of breastmilk substitutes to include milk and milk products specifically marketed for feeding infants and young children up to age three. However, the United States is one of a minority of countries that has not passed any legislation or regulation to implement the Code. Furthermore, U.S. regulation and enforcement actions have not kept pace with the introduction of new products and product categories and the profusion of labeling and marketing claims questionably implying nutritional and developmental benefits from these products.

Aleksandra Pieloch-Babiarz

The aim of this article is to identify and characterise the relationship between the ownership structure and dividend pay‑out of listed companies. The research hypothesis states that along with an increase in a degree of ownership concentration both the propensity to pay a dividend and its amount increase. The research has been conducted on a group of 354 non‑financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The basic research method is the analysis of logistic and tobit regression. The research shows that along with an increase in the complexity of the ownership structure, the share of the State Treasury, institutional investors and board members, decisions on dividend pay‑out are made more often, and the amount of dividend is higher. Examining the degree of ownership concentration expressed by the Herfindahl‑Hirschman index, diversified results have been obtained. An estimation of some regression models shows that stronger ownership concentration favours the decision to pay a dividend (dividends are paid out more frequently), however, as a degree of ownership concentration increases, a decrease in the amount of dividend is observed. The research results presented in this article are a supplement to the existing analyses carried out on the global markets and an extension of the existing research conducted on the companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.

E. Bigné, A. Decrop