Hasil untuk "Manners and customs (General)"

Mauro Cavaliere

Publicado em 2010, o romance Azul-Corvo, de Adriana Lisboa, caracteriza-se por uma estrutura relativa­mente complexa: à história principal, em que Vanja, uma jovem órfã de mãe, se desloca do Rio de Janeiro para Denver em busca do pai, são intercalados por vários trechos narrativos analépticos. Entre eles, um trata da participação de Fernando, ex-marido de Suzana (a falecida mãe de Vanja), na guerrilha do Ara­guaia. Embora admitindo que a história principal é sobre Vanja, e concordando com as teses de vários académicos de que o tema do romance é o desenraizamento e a busca de umas modalidades de pertença que vai para além do nacional e territorial, este trabalho centra-se na figura do deuteragonista, Fernando. Baseado na teoria da figuração da personagem (Reis, 2015), na poética do romance histórico (Fernández Prieto, 1998) e da teoria da novel of the recent past (Kingstone, 2017), este trabalho se detém na configu­ração do deuteragonista para mostrar como a figura do Fernando (entre outras) procede da reelaboração de um hipotexto historiográfico, Operação Araguaia (Morais; Silva, 2011) e, para além disso, como a construção identitária da adolescente Vanja aproveita da transmissão do relato histórico do Fernando.

Maria Clara Ramos Morales Crespo, Marcia Arruda Franco

O artigo analisa a presença do homoerotismo na Écloga dos Faunos de Luís de Camões, explorando suas raízes na tradição bucólica clássica e sua relação com a mitologia homoerótica. O estudo examina como a écloga camoniana dialoga com as Bucólicas de Virgílio e os Idílios de Teócrito, utilizando convenções do gênero para inserir um subtexto homoerótico. A análise identifica referências mitológicas do panteão homoerótico articuladas no poema, bem como a dinâmica pederástica sugerida pela dedicatória ao nobre Dom António de Noronha. Além disso, investiga-se o impacto da censura inquisitorial e o uso da mitologia como estratégia para codificar o desejo homoerótico dentro dos limites do discurso renascentista. Conclui-se que a écloga de Camões não apenas perpetua a tradição bucólica, mas também a reinterpreta à luz das convenções e restrições culturais do século XVI.

Raphael Salomão Khéde

A partir da leitura das cartas inéditas enviadas, entre 1927 e 1934, por Mário de Andrade a Jorge de Lima, o artigo procura reconstruir alguns elementos biobibliográficos dos dois autores. A correspondência, elaborada nos anos de difusão das ideias modernistas pelo país, fornece diversos dados relevantes para  a  interpretação  da  trajetória  de  duas  figuras  fundamentais  da  literatura  brasileira  do  século  XX. Ao apresentar o lado multifacetado de Mário de Andrade, as cartas desse período informam o leitor, sobretudo, a respeito da elaboração do Dicionário musical brasileiro (1989), de sua autoria, e da controversa questão do prefácio, escrito pelo autor paulistano, da novela O Anjo (1934), de Jorge de Lima.

Jacqueline Kaczorowski

Papéis da Prisão (2015), do angolano José Luandino Vieira, publicação que reúne material produzido ao longo de 12 anos de reclusão, permite ao leitor não só o contato com a própria prática da escrita como artifício de resistência ao cárcere – uma vez que eram necessárias estratégias que afrontavam o contexto para a produção, preservação e circulação dos Papéis – mas também com a busca pelo desenvolvimento de uma estética que atendesse à necessidade expressiva da complexidade que o escritor tencionava figurar. A reinvenção linguística e formal exercitada ao longo dos 17 cadernos permite notar a apropriação da língua portuguesa como "despojo de guerra" (VIEIRA apud. CHAVES, 1999, p. 167) e o investimento em sua transformação, convocando outras matrizes de pensamento e expressão como forma propositiva de arquitetar uma dicção que desafiasse os limites do idioma da ordem colonial. Valorizando elementos outrora subjugados pela dinâmica do império, a radicalidade do projeto literário permite afirmar um empenho do escritor, "dentro de [seu] particular campo de acção – o estético" (LABAN, 1977, p. 91), em construir uma obra capaz de contestar o projeto de dominação em sua integridade.

Irina I. Yatsenko, A. V. Yatsenko

Within the latest decades a general trend has been manifested in the texts of the Russianspeaking writers of Kazakhstan: a comprehensive rethinking of the recent Soviet past in the context of national tradition and self-identification Kazakhstan’s people today. To study and analyze this trend, the stories of the following nine modern Kazakhstani authors were thoroughly selected: A. Sakhariev, R. Kunbaev, G. Doronin, N. Chernova, B. Kanapyanov, S. Nazarova, A. Omar, I. Odegov, and E. Klepikova. The signs of a local Kazakh text are revealed in the writings of these authors, where the patterns coexist and compete with each other, thus fixing the unique national Kazakh picture of the world, on the one hand, and the Soviet realities, on the other one. The analysis of the texts was aimed to clarify the outcomes of the cultural “dialogue” between traditional, deeply existential Kazakh culture and the imposed one - initially Russian, then the Soviet culture. Thus, the main question reads as follows: does this “dialogue” lead to the obliteration of the cultural boundary, or are there any zones of absolute non-coincidence and, perhaps, confrontation between the national and the Soviet? The study of the texts has demonstrated the stable patterns that reflect the entrenched national picture of the Kazakhstani world: the traditional cultural relationships between people, a customary and ritualized way of life, manners and customs, the strength of beliefs, and mythology. The patterns that demonstrate the Soviet features imposed on the life of Kazakhstan, as a rule, indicate only a partial acceptance of such novelty and rejection of what was imposed and harmed the republic (e. g. the Semipalatinsk tests polygon). The contrast and compare between the patterns of city and village / aul that has little in common with the contrast between the city and the countryside in the prose of Russian village writers, bears a special context load. The analysis of the stories showed that it is precisely the Soviet city that could be found in any republic of the ex-USSR, whereas any Kazakhstan’s countryside is precisely the Kazakh aul with its established unique rituals and norms of existence. As a result of the texts study, it has been concluded that these stories reflect a real trend in the development of sovereign Kazakhstan: to do away with the Soviet order and return to traditional values.

Zhao Xiao-bing, Zhao Wenqing

“The Shi Jing’’(‘‘The Book of Poetry”） is one of the first poems in the world, including Chinese poems, from the 11th century BC to the 6th century BC. During this period, about 3 000 verses appeared, of which 305 poems were selected by Confucius. Poetic texts in “The Shi Jing’are divided into three categories: regional songs, odes, hymns. The composition of the poems uses such techniques as Fu, Bi and Xing. These poems constitute the creative source (source) of Chinese poetry. “Fu”，“Bi” and “Xing” are important artistic features of “The Shi Jing”. “Fu”” - direct narration, parallelism. “Bi” is a metaphor, comparison. “Sin” means “stimulation”， it first speaks about others, then about what the poet wants to express. Fu and Bi are the most basic techniques of expression, and Xing is a relatively unique technique in “The Shi Jing”， even in Chinese poetry in general. “The Shi Jing” is an excellent starting point for Chinese literature, which has already reached a very high artistic level from the very beginning. "The Shi Jing” affects almost all aspects of the early social life of ancient China, such as sacrifice, banquet, labor, war, love, marriage, corvee, animals, plants, oppression and resistance, manners and customs, even astronomical phenomena, etc. It became historical value for the study of that society. The overwhelming majority of the poems in “The Shi Jing”reflect the reality, everyday life and everyday experience. There is almost no illusory and supernatural mythical world in it. As the first collection of poetry in China, “The Shi Jing” laid the foundation for the lyrical and realistic tradition of Chinese literature. “The Shi Jing” also has a huge impact on the genre structure and linguistic art of Chinese literature, etc., which is a role model for writers of later generations. “The Shi Jing”has already been translated into the languages of the countries of the world. “The Shi Jing”has been influencing Chinese poetics; it has become the source of the classical realistic tradition and literature in China. Lively description is essential for historical, anthropological and sociological research. We expect that as the cultural ties between China and Russia deepen, as well as the popularization and spread of Chinese-Russian translations, more and more Russian people will read “The Shi Jing”， study “The Shi Jing”， the Russian translation of “The Shi Jing” will improve and play its role as the original classic of Chinese literature. “The Shi Jing”is a book that cannot be read or translated forever. Keywords: “The Shi Jing” （“The Book of Poetry” )， regional songs, odes, hymns, artistic features, Chinese unique cultural value

Risa Nopianti, Hary Ganjar Budiman

Kampung Angklung merupakan perkampungan penghasil angklung yang berada di Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Sejak tahun 2010 angklung telah menjadi warisan budaya yang diakui dunia melalui konvensi yang digelar UNESCO di Nairobi, Kenya. Oleh Karena itulah diperlukan upaya-upaya untuk terus memajukannya melalui kegiatan pelindungan, pengembangan, pemanfaatan, dan pembinaan sumberdaya kebudayaan yang berkelanjutan sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Undang-undang Pemajuan Kebudayaan No.5 Tahun 2017. Artikel ini melihat masyarakat di Kampung Angklung dalam upaya menghidupkan dan menjaga ekosistem kebudayaan angklung yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara secara mendalam terhadap para pengrajin angklung di Kampung angklung serta stakeholder pemerintah yang mendukungnya. Ekosistem kebudayaan angklung di Kampung Angklung yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai subsistem seperti ekosistem tanaman bambu, pengrajin angklung, seniman angklung, sistem produksi dan distribusi, serta kelembagaan masyarakat, telah berkontribusi terhadap upaya menghidupkan dan menjaga ekosistem kebudayaan yang berkelanjutan. Ekosistem kebudayaan angklung mampu menjaga kelestarian ekosistem lingkungan, pada saat yang sama mereka juga dapat mengambil manfaat ekonomis daripadanya sekaligus melestarikan kebudayaan angklung.   Kampung Angklung in Ciamis Regency, West Java is a well-known producer of angklung. Since 2010, angklung has officially become a world-recognized cultural heritage as a result of the UNESCO convention held in Nairobi, Kenya. As a consequence, further steps are needed to continue to advance angklung by providing the activities of protecting, developing, utilizing, and fostering the sustainable resource culture referring to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2017 concerning Cultural Advancement. This article describes how the efforts of the people of Kampung Angklung to preserve and conserve the sustainable ecosystem of angklung culture. This research used the qualitative research methods, such as conducting the in-depth interviews with angklung craftsmen in Kampung Angklung, and the government stakeholders who supported the craftsmen. The ecosystem of angklung culture in Kampung Angklung, in which there are various subsystems such as bamboo plant ecosystem, angklung craftsmen, angklung artists, production and distribution systems, and community institutions, has contributed to preserve and conserve the sustainable ecosystem of angklung culture. The ecosystem of angklung culture assured to preserve the environmental ecosystem and, at the same time, to provide the economic benefits while preserving the angklung culture.

Marcel Vejmelka

Desejo de posse, desconfiança e escrita são os três elementos que representam os aspectos fundamentais tanto do protagonista Paulo Honório quanto da composição do romance São Bernardo, de Graciliano Ramos. Focalizando a importância do contexto da escrita, no seu desdobramento encenado pelo texto do romance enquanto contexto da escrita do narrador e autor, estas três linhas interpretativas se entrelaçam e se combinam de variadas formas, sintetizadas na metáfora analítica da "cidade letrada" (A. Rama). No contexto sociocultural da modernização do Nordeste brasileiro na primeira metade do século XX, a escrita literária enquanto problema e dificuldade, necessidade e possibilidade, representa as dimensões centrais na constituição e construção desse romance.

Седа Исаевна Тасуева, Иман Саидмухмедовна Садулаева

В статье рассматривается специфика и особенности коммуникативного поведения представителей русских и английских лингвокультур в ситуациях речевого этикета. Этикет относится к правилам, которые применяются в определенной ситуации, в то время как манеры включают в себя более общие поведенческие принципы. Хорошие манеры это отражение того, кем является собеседник, и, в большинстве случаев, они являются схожими в разных культурах. Этикет варьируется в зависимости от культуры и обычаев конкретной страны и должен адаптироваться в соответствии с географическим положением. The article deals with the specifics and features of the communicative behavior of Russian and English linguistic cultures in situations of speech etiquette. Etiquette refers to rules that apply in a particular situation, while manners include more General behavioral principles. Good manners are a reflection of who the other person is and, in most cases, they are similar across cultures. Etiquette varies depending on the culture and customs of a particular country and must adapt according to geographical location.

S. Moitra

The piece is an analytical critique of the Citizenship (Amendment) Act by deconstructing it in regards to a wide range of legal (national and international), political and moral issues. In this paper, I show that the CAA is constitutionally invalid, and goes against the foundational nature of Indian Politics. Moreover, I highlight the Act’s failure to comply with International Law vis-a-vis citizenship. Moreover, it takes a novel approach to analyze the Act with respect to conventions of International Law, as well as the involvement of the judiciary in interpreting the constitutional validity of it. It represents a wide range of analyses and advances an array of different arguments with in-depth analyses. I argue how the CAA finds itself at odds with some of the founding principles of Indian democracy and also fails to serve as a citizenship law under accepted customs of International Law. The CAA does not qualify as a just law as per the principles of the rule of law. It also fails the test of constitutionality by not providing for a rational and reasonable justification for its differential treatment. Furthermore, it is severely flawed in its text vis-a-vis the provisions of International Law. It is, thus, my objective to prove how the CAA is an attempt not at active inclusion but at passive exclusion. These arguments are put forth in two separate manners. Firstly, I address the CAA, on general, moral, and philosophical grounds, and then proceed to analyze the legislation on specific facts regarding law and its visible impacts. I also address some of the more long-term effects it will have on the nature of politics in the country, and the manner in which it will serve to derogate the nature of democracy in India.

Sophia Beal

This article analyses how Brazilian director Petra Costa's 2009 short documentary Olhos de Ressaca brings to the fore a frequently forgotten, often taboo topic: the intimacy of the elderly. Costa's film thematically and aesthetically explores the intimacy of a couple in their eighties who have been married for decades. The documentary covers the full range of this period of life in a more open way than has been customary in film. Costa's attentive and imaginative engagement with the topic is displayed in the film's portrayal of skin, memory, and the way a couple's intimacy changes over time.

Gusti Ayu Armini

Abstrak Subak merupakan organisasi pertanian di Bali, yang identik dengan masyarakat Bali yang beragama Hindu. Hal ini tidak sepenuhnya benar, sebab organisasi subak di Bali bersifat multietnis dan multiagama. Masyarakat anggota subak bukan hanya masyarakat etnis Bali yang beragama Hindu, tetapi masyarakat etnis lain yang beragama Islam, Budha, Protestan, maupun Katolik. Perbedaan etnis dan agama yang dianut anggota subak mengharuskan adanya sikap toleransi masing-masing etnis dan agama anggota pendukung organisasi subak. Proses toleransi berjalan dengan baik dalam aktivitas subak, sehingga keberadaan lembaga subak tetap ajeg sampai saat ini. Secara khusus, kajian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kehidupan multietnis dan multiagama dalam kegiatan subak di Bali. Lebih lanjut, kajian ini diharapkan bermanfaat sebagai sumber informasi bentuk-bentuk adaptasi dan toleransi yang diterapkan pada tataran organisasi yang berbeda etnis dan agama. Dengan harapan, proses toleransi demikian dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu rujukan dalam menata kehidupan masyarakat multikultur di Indonesia. Kajian tentang toleransi menerapkan metode kualitatif dipadukan dengan analisis interpretatif.   Abstract Subak is an agricultural organization in Bali, which is identical to the Balinese with its Hindu religion. This is not entirely true, because subak organization is multiethnic and multi-religious. Community members of subak are not only Balinese ethnic with Hindus religion but other ethnic people such as Muslim, Buddhist, Protestant, and Catholic. Ethnic and religious affiliations of members of the subak organitation require tolerance attitude each ethnic and religious members of subak organitation. The process of tolerance goes well in subak activities, so the extention of subak institutions remain until now. This research aims to describe the tolerance of multiethnics and multireligions society in subak organitation. And then, this research expected use to information sources of tolerance forms in multiethnic and multireligion organitation. The process of tolerance had used for reference to life system for multicultural society in Indonesia. This research conducted by qualitative and interpretative analysis approach.

Josely Carlos

O objetivo deste artigo é seguir um percurso metodológico para a análise do gênero discursivo canção, com base na Semiótica de orientação francesa. Para explicitação desse percurso, analisamos as duas semioses (letra e melodia) da música «Pão doce», composição de Carlos Sandroni, registrada por Adriana Calcanhotto, no CD Enguiço (1990). Fundamentamo-nos nas pesquisas de Greimas (1966 e 1970), interpretadas por Barros (2000) e Fiorin (1989); e nos estudos de Bertrand (2000), Fontanille e Zilberberg (2001) e Zilberberg (2006). Na análise da dimensão musical, nos apoiamos nos trabalhos empreendidos por Tatit (1996) e em pesquisas de nossa autoria (Carlos, 2013). Levando em conta o percurso gerativo de sentido, analisamos três níveis da materialidade textual: o nível fundamental, o nível narrativo e o nível discursivo; além de nos debruçar sobre um quarto nível, o tensivo. De modo geral, analisamos quatro dimensões do texto canção: a narrativa (o relato: atores e programas); a passional (o universo afetivo); a figurativa (a representação) e a dimensão enunciativa (a posição do sujeito).

Salma Widuri

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap fungsi naskah Purwaning Jagat bagi masyarakat masa kini melalui kajian analisis isi. Purwaning Jagat adalah sebuah naskah yang berbahasa Jawa dan beraksara Pegon. Di dalamnya terkandung kisah-kisah serta silsilah tentang Raja-raja di tatar Sunda. Naskah ini merupakan naskah gulung dengan panjang 6,3 m. Dalam rangka pengungkapan isi maka dalam penelitian ini terlebih dahulu dilakukan kajian filologi. Langkah yang pertama dilakukan yaitu mentransliterasikan teks dalam naskah tersebut kemudian dianalisis kesalahan tulisnya sehingga menghasilkan suntingan teks yang bersih dari kesalahan tulis. Langkah berikutnya yaitu dilakukan penerjemahan terhadap suntingan teks ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Setelah dihasilkan terjemahan barulah kajian sastra diterapkan guna mengungkap isi atau membunyikan apa yang tersimpan di dalam naskah dengan mempertimbangkan sudut pandang jalinan intertekstualitas. Dalam hal pengungkapan makna digunakan pendekatan hermeneutika yang merupakan metode atau cara untuk menafsirkan simbol berupa teks untuk dicari arti dan maknanya. Selanjutnya, kajian fungsi, kajian fungsi yang akan diungkap di sini yaitu fungsi naskah berdasarkan benda dan fungsi naskah berdasarkan isi bagi masyarakat di masa kini.   Abstract This study aims to reveal the function of the script Purwaning Jagat for contemporary society through the study of content analysis. Purwaning Jagat is a script with Java language and Pegon alphabet. It contains stories and genealogy of the kings in Sundanese region. This script is a script rolls with length 6,3m. In order disclosure of the contents, so the study that taken is use philology study. The first step to do is transliterate the text in the manuscript, then analyzing the written errors to produce a clean text edits from clerical errors. The next step is to do the translation of the text editing area into Indonesian. Once generated translation then applied to the study of literature in order to reveal the content or sound what is stored in the text by considering the viewpoint of the fabric of intertextuality. In the case of disclosure of meaning, hermeneutic approach is used which is a method or a way to interpret the symbols in the form of text to search for meaning and significance. Furthermore, will do the study of the function. Study function that will be revealed here is the function of a script based on the objects and functions for the script based on the contents of today's society.

Simon Park

Considerando a importância atribuída à questão do mecenato nas cartas de Diogo Bernardes e a quase ausência desta mesma questão nas epístolas poéticas de outros poetas portugueses do século XVI, torna-se necessário proporcionar uma contextualização literária mais profunda da sua obra. Neste artigo vamos examinar vários tratados sobre a redação de cartas e a abordagem deste assunto em obras de Horácio, Marcial, Erasmo, Vives e Castiglione, a fim de explicar o tratamento do tema do mecenato n'O Lima.. Além disso, este estudo demonstra como as cartas de Bernardes imitam os aspectos formais de cartas em prosa e revelam um carácter literário extraordinariamente flexível – dois elementos importantes no contexto dos pedidos de apoio aos seus patronos que figuram na sua obra.

Any Rahmayani

Abstrak         Penelitian ini menyajikan gambaran Kota Montrado pada 1818-1858.  Montrado,  pernah menjadi salah satu pusat kongsi pertambangan emas besar di Borneo Barat. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah keberadaan kongsi-kongsi emas di Borneo Barat yang memegang peranan penting bagi perubahan yang terjadi di wilayah ini baik ekonomi, sosial dan politik. Permasalahan pokok yang dibahas adalah gambaran Kota Montrado dan perubahan yang terjadi seiring dengan dinamika kongsi pertambangan emas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan proses terbentuknya Montrado sebagai pusat kongsi emas dan merekonstruksi keadaan Kota Montrado pada paruh pertama abad ke-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri atas empat tahapan: heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kota Montrado masa kongsi merupakan kota yang lengkap dengan pusat pemerintahan, pusat perdagangan, sarana ibadah, kelengkapan infrastruktur dan sanitasi serta wilayah-wilayah pendukung. Ekologi kota ini berubah seiring dengan runtuhnya kongsi pertambangan emas yang berpusat di wilayah tersebut. Perubahan ini dapat dilihat dari berbagai sektor seperti penurunan jumlah penduduk akibat migrasi setelah perang, runtuhnya simbol-simbol kekuasaan kongsi (thang) serta perubahan dalam organisasi pemerintahan sekaligus kemasyarakatan Tionghoa yang berganti dengan sistem yang ditetapkan pemerintah kolonial. Abstract This study presents an overview of Montrado City between 1818 through 1858. Montrado was the major of gold mining joint venture facility in West Borneo. The background of this research is the existence of gold syndicates in West Borneo that plays an important role for the changes of economic, social and political that occurred in this region. The main problem discussed here is the image of the City of Montrado and its changes that occur in line with the dynamics of the gold mining joint venture. The aim of this study is to describe the process of formation of the joint venture Montrado as a center of gold and reconstruct the state of Montrado City in the first half of the 19th century.The method used is the historical method which consists of four stages: heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results showed that joint venture of Montrado City was a complete city with the center of government, trade centers, places of worship, the completeness of sanitation and infrastructure. This city ecology was changed along with the collapse of the gold mining joint venture in this region. These changes can be seen from various sectors such as the decline in population due to migration after the war, the collapse of the symbols of power of joint venture (thang) as well as changes in the organization of government in the Chinese community which is replaced by a system that defined by the colonial government.

I. A. Adebisi

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