Hasil untuk "Journalism. The periodical press, etc."

Marek Kwiek, Wojciech Roszka

In this research, we analyze the relationship between publishing productivity and access to highly prestigious journals, treating publishing in top journals as a stratification mechanism selecting publishing elites. We study N = 144,314 Polish scientists publishing for 30 years (1992-2021) and their Nart = 433,546 unique research articles published in the period. Using bibliometric data from Scopus, we compare the scientists belonging to the top productivity decile (the upper 10%, termed top performers) and the remaining population of scientists (90%) by discipline and period (five six-year periods). We measure the share of publications in prestigious segments of journals, with particular reference to the 90th-99th percentiles, and we use nonlinear journal prestige-normalized productivity. Our results indicate that access to top journals (defined as the top 10% of journals indexed in Scopus) is powerfully and permanently concentrated in the group of top performers in all disciplines and periods studied. The differences between top performers and the other scientists are primarily of a qualitative nature: they are seen almost exclusively at the top of the journal hierarchy rather than in its bottom or middle segments. Our logistic regression models indicate the complementarity of quantity and quality: publishing intensity increases the probability of membership in the elite segment of top performers, especially when it is coupled with publishing in prestigious journals. Our results suggest that top journals function as selection gates to academic careers and that they function as durable mechanisms of elite reproduction in science.

Mohammad Qudah, Husain A. Murad, Mohammed Habes et al.

This study explores the impact of DW’s news coverage on the perceptions, knowledge, and behavioural changes of the Syrian diaspora in Germany regarding the Syrian crisis. Grounded in the Uses and Gratifications theory, data were collected from 207 Syrian immigrants residing in Germany between September and November 2023 using a convenience sampling approach. The findings reveal that DW is perceived as a credible and objective news source that provides comprehensive and balanced coverage of the Syrian crisis. Exposure to DW’s reporting significantly enhanced respondents’ understanding of the crisis, enabling them to engage in informed discussions. DW’s coverage motivated behavioural changes, encouraging participation in social media discussions and humanitarian initiatives. This study highlights the critical role of trusted international media in shaping diaspora communities’ perceptions, knowledge, and actions during crises. These findings also highlight DW’s influence as a key information source for the Syrian diaspora, fostering both awareness and proactive engagement with the ongoing crisis.

Luis Deltell

Ficha técnica: Precisiones sobre Tierra sin pan de Luis Buñuel Emeterio Diez Puertas Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza, 2024 298 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1340-850-7

Sebastian Nagl, Mohamed Elganayni, Melanie Pospisil et al.

Official court press releases from Germany's highest courts present and explain judicial rulings to the public, as well as to expert audiences. Prior NLP efforts emphasize technical headnotes, ignoring citizen-oriented communication needs. We introduce CourtPressGER, a 6.4k dataset of triples: rulings, human-drafted press releases, and synthetic prompts for LLMs to generate comparable releases. This benchmark trains and evaluates LLMs in generating accurate, readable summaries from long judicial texts. We benchmark small and large LLMs using reference-based metrics, factual-consistency checks, LLM-as-judge, and expert ranking. Large LLMs produce high-quality drafts with minimal hierarchical performance loss; smaller models require hierarchical setups for long judgments. Initial benchmarks show varying model performance, with human-drafted releases ranking highest.

Arlen Fan, Fan Lei, Steven R. Corman et al.

The proliferation of misinformation in journalism, often stemming from flawed reasoning and logical fallacies, poses significant challenges to public understanding and trust in news media. Traditional fact-checking methods, while valuable, are insufficient for detecting the subtle logical inconsistencies that can mislead readers within seemingly factual content. To address this gap, we introduce Skeptik, a hybrid framework that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with heuristic approaches to analyze and annotate potential logical fallacies and reasoning errors in online news articles. Operating as a web browser extension, Skeptik automatically highlights sentences that may contain logical fallacies, provides detailed explanations, and offers multi-layered interventions to help readers critically assess the information presented. The system is designed to be extensible, accommodating a wide range of fallacy types and adapting to evolving misinformation tactics. Through comprehensive case studies, quantitative analyses, usability experiments, and expert evaluations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of Skeptik in enhancing readers' critical examination of news content and promoting media literacy. Our contributions include the development of an expandable classification system for logical fallacies, the innovative integration of LLMs for real-time analysis and annotation, and the creation of an interactive user interface that fosters user engagement and close reading. By emphasizing the logical integrity of textual content rather than relying solely on factual accuracy, Skeptik offers a comprehensive solution to combat potential misinformation in journalism. Ultimately, our framework aims to improve critical reading and protect the public from deceptive information online and enhance the overall credibility of news media.

Katherine Lin, Juna Kawai-Yue, Adira Sklar et al.

Analog journaling has grown in popularity, with journaling on paper encompassing a range of motivations, styles, and practices including planning, habit-tracking, and reflecting. Journalers develop strong personal preferences around the tools they use, the ideas they capture, and the layout in which they represent their ideas and memories. Understanding how analog journaling practices are individually shaped and crafted over time is critical to supporting the varied benefits associated with journaling, including improved mental health and positive support for identity development. To understand this development, we qualitatively analyzed publicly-shared journaling content from YouTube and Instagram and interviewed 11 journalers. We report on our identification of the journaling ecosystem in which journaling practices are shaped by materials, personal context, and communities, sharing how this ecosystem plays a role in the practices and identities of journalers as they customize their journaling routine to best suit their personal goals. Using these insights, we discuss design opportunities for how future tools can better align with and reflect the rich affordances and practices of journaling on paper.

Maria-Elena Hernandez, Roseli Figaro, Florian Tixier

Introduction

Tarmo Malmberg

Rémy Rieffel. 2022. L’emprise médiatique sur le débat d’idées: trente années de vie intellectuelle (1989–2019). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 414 s. Eugénie Bastié. 2021. La guerre des idées: enquête au cœur de l’intelligentsia française. Paris: Robert Laffont. 302 s.

Jiandong Zhang, Liying Yang, Zhesi Shen

In the field of scientometrics, the subject classification system of academic journals holds great importance. Accurate identification and classification of "multidisciplinary" journals are crucial in revealing the scientific structure and evaluating journals. Based on data from the Web of Science database from 2016 to 2020, we calculated the disciplinary diversity of journals using the paper-level subject classification system, then conducted a systematic analysis of JCR multidisciplinary journals. Studies showed that most multidisciplinary journals have high disciplinary diversity, while non-multidisciplinary journals tend to have relatively lower diversity. Some multidisciplinary journals with low disciplinary diversities may misclassify disciplines. In addition, there are inconsistencies in the diversity of journal disciplines at different granularities. Our study also visually analyzed the four types of diversity distribution tendencies of multidisciplinary journals. Moreover, ten potential multidisciplinary journals were found in non-multidisciplinary categories.

Ronald Cardenas, Bingsheng Yao, Dakuo Wang et al.

Science journalism refers to the task of reporting technical findings of a scientific paper as a less technical news article to the general public audience. We aim to design an automated system to support this real-world task (i.e., automatic science journalism) by 1) introducing a newly-constructed and real-world dataset (SciTechNews), with tuples of a publicly-available scientific paper, its corresponding news article, and an expert-written short summary snippet; 2) proposing a novel technical framework that integrates a paper's discourse structure with its metadata to guide generation; and, 3) demonstrating with extensive automatic and human experiments that our framework outperforms other baseline methods (e.g. Alpaca and ChatGPT) in elaborating a content plan meaningful for the target audience, simplifying the information selected, and producing a coherent final report in a layman's style.

Francisca Porfírio, Ana Jorge

In a contemporary era, strongly characterized by digital omnipresence, celebrities share, via their social media accounts, experiences related to parenthood or, in other words, adopt sharenting practices. This article focuses on the visual and textual representation of the children of six Portuguese female and male celebrities active on Instagram in 2020. The study aimed to explore whether the narratives and content strategies conveyed by celebrities about their children are integrated into authentic and advertising content, and how these vary according to the celebrity’s gender. A quantitative and qualitative content analysis was carried out, on a corpus of 1116 pieces of content related to children, in the four Instagram formats—Post, Instastory, IGTV, and Reels. The results showed that children are mostly depicted in spontaneous moments of everyday life that are often perceived as intimate and exclusive moments. While content explicitly identifying advertising or partnerships is infrequent, in many of these contents there was some sort of commercial presence, e.g., through brands identified in children’s content. There were also substantial differences in the themes of the content posted by mothers, in contrast to fathers. These differences were especially evident, on the one hand, regarding the categories of the identified brands—male celebrities are associated with outdoor activities and tend to fall into the categories “Leisure” and “Food and Drinks”, while the brand categories most often identified by female celebrities are associated with “Clothing and Footwear” and “Childcare and Health”, categories that are related to the daily care of children. On the other hand, as for the speech, we found that not only the gender but also the celebrity’s persona is relevant when considering the sharenting they do. Generally, the study found that celebrity sharenting is associated with demonstrations of affection towards children, regardless of gender, a fact that highlights the importance of family ties and parental values in a pandemic context.

A. A. Niyazgulova, L. I. Tungatarova

Под «информационной безопасностью» подразумевают комплекс мер, необходимых для защиты от утечки или взлома компьютерных систем, программ и данных. Однако в последнее время подходы к изучению информационной безопасности наполняются новыми социальными и политическими смыслами. Понятие «национальная безопасность» включает все новые референтные объекты, например, «кибербезопасность», связанную с предотвращением угроз и вызовов социально-политического характера, возникших с появлением социальных сетей и мессенджеров. Подобного рода понимание «кибербезопасности» в западных академических кругах получило теоретическое оформление в концепции Cyber Security Politics, рассматривающей «информационную безопасность» в контексте «интернет безопасности». На появление и развитие данного подхода во многом оказала влияние концепция «секьюритизации» речевых актов Копенгагенской школы. Основные цели исследования – определить, как «кибербезопасность» связана в целом с теорией и практикой государственной политики безопасности, какова роль риторики политиков, специалистов медиасферы в социальных сетях, в избирательных кампаниях; показать методы воздействия слова на обеспечение и сохранение информационной безопасности. На основе контент-анализа и дискурсивного анализа речевых актов, используемых в социальных сетях, таких как Фейсбук, Твиттер и др., получены следующие результаты: обозначена важность постановки проблемы угрозы социальных сетей безопасности человека и общества (в случаях использования соцсетей в преступных целях), указана необходимость решения проблемы на законодательном уровне. Угрозы кибербезопасности являются одним из основных вызовов национальной безопасности, общественной безопасности, политики и экономики, с которыми сталкивается каждое государство в XXI веке. Кроме того, наличие многочисленных проблем кибербезопасности в различных сферах жизни естественным образом повышает политическую заинтересованность в их решении. В частности, этот вопрос урегулирования угроз, исходящих от мессенджеров, находится на рассмотрении Конгресса США с точки зрения соответствия Конституционным положениям о свободе слова. Новизна исследования заключается в анализе казахстанского сегмента интернет-пространства, проведен сравнительный анализ проблемных случаев киберугроз в США и России. Результаты исследования имеют практическое значение для медиаспециалистов, контент-менеджеров социальных сетей в целях обеспечения интернет-безопасности. Ключевые слова: «кибербезопасность», предотвращение социальных и политических угроз и вызовов, социальные медиа, риторика.

Ting Cong, Zhichao Fang, Rodrigo Costas

The study of how science is discussed and how scholarly actors interact on social media has increasingly become popular in the field of scientometrics in recent years. While most prior studies focused on research outputs discussed on global platforms, such as Twitter or Facebook, the presence of scholarly journals on local platforms was seldom studied, especially in the Chinese social media context. To fill this gap, this study investigates the uptake of WeChat (a Chinese social network app) by the Chinese scholarly journals indexed by the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI). The results show that 65.3% of CSSCI-indexed journals have created WeChat public accounts and posted over 193 thousand WeChat posts in total. At the journal level, bibliometric indicators (e.g., citations, downloads, and journal impact factors) and WeChat indicators (e.g., clicks, likes, replies, and recommendations) are weakly correlated with each other, reinforcing the idea of fundamentally differentiated dimensions of indicators between bibliometrics and social media metrics. Results also show that journals with WeChat public accounts slightly outperform those without WeChat public accounts in terms of citation impact, suggesting that the WeChat presence of scientific journals is mostly positively associated with their citation impact.

Domenic Rosati

Evaluation of journals for quality is one of the dominant themes of bibliometrics since journals are the primary venue of vetting and distribution of scholarship. There are many criticisms of quantifying journal impact with bibliometrics including disciplinary differences among journals, what source materials are used, time windows for the inclusion of works to measure, and skewness of citation distributions (Lariviere & Sugimoto, 2019). However, despite various attempts to remediate these in newly proposed indicators such as SJR, SNIP, and Eigenfactor (Walters, 2017) indicators still remain based on citation counts and fail to acknowledge the critical differences that the type of citation made, whether it's supporting or disputing a work when quantifying journal impact. While various programs have been suggested to apply and encompass citation content analysis within bibliometrics projects, citation content analysis has not been done at the scale needed in order to supplement quantitate journal citation analysis until the scite citation index was produced. Using this citation index containing citation types based on citation function (supporting, disputing, or mentioning) we present initial results on the statistical characterization of citations to journals based on citation function. We also present initial results of characterizing the ratio of supports and disputes received by a journal as a potential indicator of quality and show two interesting results: the ratio of supports and disputes do not correlate with total citations and that the distribution of this ratio is not skewed showing a normal distribution. We conclude with a proposal for future research using citation analysis qualified by citation function as well as the implications of performing bibliometrics tasks such as research evaluation and information retrieval using citation function.

Philip Cass

This article examines some aspects of climate change communication in Papua New Guinea (PNG), particularly the use of Tok Pisin language. To place the issue in a broader, global context, the article compares the situation in PNG with that of the use of Pidgin English in Nigeria. The article argues that a major project needs to be undertaken to determine the effectiveness of this communication. It suggests drawing on the experience of both the Bougainville Audience Study and the BBC Trusts’ examination of climate change in Nigeria.

Xiomara S. Q. Chacón, Thiago C. Silva, Diego R. Amancio

The impact factor has been extensively used in the last years to assess journals visibility and prestige. While the impact factor is useful to compare journals, the specificities of subfields visibility in journals are overlooked whenever visibility is measured only at the journal level. In this paper, we analyze the subfields visibility in a subset of over 450,000 Physics papers. We show that the visibility of subfields is not regular in the considered dataset. In particular years, the variability in subfields impact factor in a journal reached 75% of the average subfields impact factor. We also found that the difference of subfields visibility in the same journal can be even higher than the difference of visibility between different journals. Our results show that subfields impact is an important factor accounting for journals visibility.

Bo-Christer Björk, Sari Kanto-Karvonen, J. Tuomas Harviainen

Predatory journals are Open Access journals of highly questionable scientific quality. Such journals pretend to use peer review for quality assurance, and spam academics with requests for submissions, in order to collect author payments. In recent years predatory journals have received a lot of negative media. While much has been said about the harm that such journals cause to academic publishing in general, an overlooked aspect is how much articles in such journals are actually read and in particular cited, that is if they have any significant impact on the research in their fields. Other studies have already demonstrated that only some of the articles in predatory journals contain faulty and directly harmful results, while a lot of the articles present mediocre and poorly reported studies. We studied citation statistics over a five-year period in Google Scholar for 250 random articles published in such journals in 2014, and found an average of 2,6 citations per article and that 60 % of the articles had no citations at all. For comparison a random sample of articles published in the approximately 25,000 peer reviewed journals included in the Scopus index had an average of 18,1 citations in the same period with only 9 % receiving no citations. We conclude that articles published in predatory journals have little scientific impact.

ارادة زيدان الجبوري, خضر الياس ناهض

يرمي هذا البحث الى معرفة الصورة الذهنية التي يحملها النازحون عن منظمات الإغاثة، وتحديد ما اذا كانت سلبية او ايجابية. اعتمد البحث المنهج المسحي وصمم مقياساً لدراسة الصورة لدى النازحين الساكنين في مخيمات بغداد من السنة والشيعة والشبك والتركمان والمسيحيين والايزيديين. وتوصل البحث الى نتائج عدة من اهمها ان النازحين الساكنين في المخيمات المشمولة بالدراسة يحملون تصورات ايجابية عن المنظمات العاملة على توفير احتياجاتهم، لكنهم شخصوا ضعفاً في الجانب الصحي، وحمل النازحون من الاقليات (الشبك والتركمان والايزيديين) صورة ايجابية عن المنظمات الدولية، فيما كانت صورة منظمات الإغاثة العراقية ايجابية لدى النازحين السنة والشيعة.

Kayvan Kousha, Mike Thelwall, Mahshid Abdoli

Many journals post accepted articles online before they are formally published in an issue. Early citation impact evidence for these articles could be helpful for timely research evaluation and to identify potentially important articles that quickly attract many citations. This article investigates whether Microsoft Academic can help with this task. For over 65,000 Scopus in-press articles from 2016 and 2017 across 26 fields, Microsoft Academic found 2-5 times as many citations as Scopus, depending on year and field. From manual checks of 1,122 Microsoft Academic citations not found in Scopus, Microsoft Academic's citation indexing was faster but not much wider than Scopus for journals. It achieved this by associating citations to preprints with their subsequent in-press versions and by extracting citations from in-press articles. In some fields its coverage of scholarly digital libraries, such as arXiv.org, was also an advantage. Thus, Microsoft Academic seems to be a more comprehensive automatic source of citation counts for in-press articles than Scopus.

Philip Leslie Cass

Hit & Run, by Nicky Hager and Jon Stephenson. Nelson: Potter and Burton. 2017, 159 pages. ISBN ISBN 978-0-947-50339-0. HIT & RUN tells what happened when a small group of New Zealand SAS soldiers in Afghanistan decided to mount a revenge raid on two Afghan villages where they thought Taliban they believed had been responsible for the death of one of their own were staying. With Ministerial approval, relying on faulty intelligence and backed by American firepower, the SAS raided the villages of Naik and Khak Kuday Dad on the night of 22 August 2010. Their Taliban targets were nowhere to be found: They had slipped away into the mountains and were resting peacefully when the SAS arrived by helicopter in the middle of the night.