Hasil untuk "Information technology"

Svein Ølnes, J. Ubacht, M. Janssen

Blockchain refers to a range of general purpose technologies to exchange information and transact digital assets in distributed networks. The core question addressed in this paper is whether blockchain technology will lead to innovation and transformation of governmental processes. To address this question we present a critical assessment of the often exaggerated benefits of blockchain technology found in the literature and discuss their implications for governmental organizations and processes. We plea for a shift from a technology-driven to need-driven approach in which blockchain applications are customized to ensure a fit with requirements of administrative processes and in which the administrative processes are changed to benefit from the technology. Having sound governance models are found to be a condition for realizing benefits. Based on a critical assessment we offer directions for further research into the potential benefits of BC applications in e-government and the role of governance of BC architectures and applications to comply with societal needs and public values.

Erik Brynjolfsson, L. Hitt, G. Hunter

D. Bates, A. Gawande

J. Thong, Se-Joon Hong, K. Tam

G. Bhatt, V. Grover

J. Ash, M. Berg, E. Coiera

R. McDermott

M. Yi, J. Jackson, Jae S. Park et al.

W. Orlikowski, S. Barley

W. Orlikowski, D. Robey

Recent work in social theory departs from prior traditions in proposing that social phenomena can be understood as comprising both subjective and objective elements. We apply this premise of duality to understanding the relationship between information technology and organizations. We construct a theoretical framework in which the development and deployment of information technology in organizations is a social phenomenon, and in which the organizational consequences of technology are products of both material and social dimensions. The framework is based on Giddens' theory of structuration, and it allows us to progress beyond several of the false dichotomies subjective vs objective, socially constructed vs material, macro vs micro, and qualitative vs quantitative that persist in investigations of the interaction between organizations and information technology. The framework can be used to guide studies in two main areas of information systems research-systems development and the organizational consequences of using information technology.

M. McCormack

N. Bloom, L. Garicano, R. Sadun et al.

Empirical studies on information communication technologies (ICT) typically aggregate the “information” and “communication” components together. We show theoretically and empirically that these have very different effects on the empowerment of employees, and by extension on wage inequality. If managerial hierarchies are devices to acquire and transmit knowledge and information, technologies that reduce information costs enable agents to acquire more knowledge and ‘empower’ lower level agents. Conversely, technologies reducing communication costs substitute agent’s knowledge for directions from their managers, and lead to centralization. Using an original dataset of firms in the US and seven European countries we study the impact of ICT on worker autonomy, plant manager autonomy and spans of control. Consistently with the theory we find that better information technologies (Enterprise Resource Planning for plant managers and CAD/CAM for production workers) are associated with more autonomy and a wider span of control. By contrast, communication technologies (like data networks) decrease autonomy for both workers and plant managers. Our findings are robust to using exogenous variation in cross-country telecommunication costs arising from differential regulatory regimes.

Wojciech Piotrowicz, Richard W. Cuthbertson

Jiaquan Wan, Junchao Wang, Wei Zhang et al.

Study region: The Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) Study focus: TGRA faces increasing vulnerability to extreme precipitation events driven by complex convective weather systems. Radar echo extrapolation—predicting future precipitation patterns from current radar data—is essential for early warning systems but faces significant challenges in this topographically complex region. While data-driven approaches have advanced the field, current convolutional neural network-based diffusion models struggle with the TGRA's dynamic meteorological conditions due to their reliance on translational invariance, which often fails to capture rapid weather transitions in complex terrain. New hydrogeological insights from the region: To address these limitations, we introduce RadarDiT, a Vision Transformer-based diffusion model specifically engineered for radar extrapolation in the TGRA. First, we develop a five-year radar dataset capturing diverse convective weather phenomena unique to this region. Then, leveraging this dataset, RadarDiT employs multi-layer Vision Transformers that effectively model global dependencies and complex spatial relationships, enabling accurate prediction of convective cell evolution. Our model demonstrates superior performance in maintaining strong echo and spatial coherence over longer forecast horizons. Quantitative evaluations across multiple metrics and thresholds confirm RadarDiT's enhanced skill in forecasting heavy precipitation events, with particular improvements in Critical Success Index at higher radar echo values. This work establishes a foundation for more reliable nowcasting systems in regions with complex terrain and dynamic weather patterns, directly supporting enhanced disaster preparedness and response strategies.

Saheed O. Sanni, Ajibola A. Bayode, Hendrik G. Brink et al.

Over the years, the abuse of antibiotics has increased, leading to their presence in the environment. Therefore, a sustainable method for detecting these substances is crucial. Researchers have explored biomass-based carbon dots (CDs) to detect various contaminants, due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and support of a circular economy. In our study, we reported the synthesis of CDs using pinecones (PCs) and pinebark (PB) through a sustainable microwave method. We characterized the PCCDs and PBCDs using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope, and Fourier transform infrared, Ultraviolet-visible, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PCCDs and PBCDs were tested for the detection of amoxicillin (AMX) and tetracycline (TC). The results indicated that the sizes of the PCCDs and PBCDs were 19.2 nm and 18.39 nm, respectively, and confirmed the presence of the 002 plane of the graphitic carbon structure. They exhibited excitation wavelength dependence, good stability, and quantum yields ranging from 6% to 11%. PCCDs and PBCDs demonstrated “turn-off” detection for TC and AMX. The limits of detection (LOD) for TC across a broader concentration range were found to be 0.062 µM for PCCDs and 0.2237 µM for PBCDs. For AMX detection, PBCDs presented an LOD of 0.49 µM.

Rebecca Eynon, Nabeel Gillani

As belief around the potential of computational social science grows, fuelled by recent advances in machine learning, data scientists are ostensibly becoming the new experts in education. Scholars engaged in critical studies of education and technology have sought to interrogate the growing datafication of education yet tend not to use computational methods as part of this response. In this paper, we discuss the feasibility and desirability of the use of computational approaches as part of a critical research agenda. Presenting and reflecting upon two examples of projects that use computational methods in education to explore questions of equity and justice, we suggest that such approaches might help expand the capacity of critical researchers to highlight existing inequalities, make visible possible approaches for beginning to address such inequalities, and engage marginalised communities in designing and ultimately deploying these possibilities. Drawing upon work within the fields of Critical Data Studies and Science and Technology Studies, we further reflect on the two cases to discuss the possibilities and challenges of reimagining computational methods for critical research in education and technology, focusing on six areas of consideration: criticality, philosophy, inclusivity, context, classification, and responsibility.

Jeanina-Biliana Ciurea , Venera-Cristina Manciu

Change management is a complex process by which organisations adapt to new market conditions, technologies, regulations or consumer needs. In the context of trade SMEs, changes can have a significant impact on long-term competitiveness and sustainability. This paper aims to analyse the management of change in trade SMEs, carrying out a comparative study between retail and traditional trade.

Manel Alaya, Hanen Damak, Nizar Hadj Taieb et al.

In this paper, a particular form of practical ℎ-observers for piecewise continuous Lipschitz, one-sided piecewise continuous Lipschitz systems and quasi-one-sided piecewise continuous Lipschitz systems is extended to nonlinear non-autonomous dynamical systems with disturbances. With the notion of practical ℎ-stable functions, the obtained state estimates are used for an eventual feedback control, and the practical separation principle is tackled. An example is given to show the applicability of the main result.

Guijun Li, Man-Chun Tseng, Yu Chen et al.

Abstract The growing focus on enhancing color quality in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has spurred significant advancements in color-conversion materials. Furthermore, color conversion is also important for the development and commercialization of Micro-LEDs. This article provides a comprehensive review of different types of color conversion methods as well as different types of color conversion materials. We summarize the current status of patterning process, and discuss key strategies to enhance display performance. Finally, we speculate on the future prospects and roles that color conversion will play in ultra-high-definition micro- and projection displays.

Prima Ayu Rizqy Mahanani, Fatma Dian Pratiwi, Fartika Ifriqia et al.

This article tends to analyze how Muslim women's activists, who are the members of Nasyiatul Aisyiyah and Fatayat NU in Kediri and Yogyakarta, build their digital literacy to prevent violence in social media. Mainly due to the digital divide between men and women, which causes imbalance and injustice when they access digital media. The method used in data collection was semi-ethnographic, in which the researcher participated in observing research objects when carrying out activities using digital technology, interviews, and documentation on 3 members of Nasyiatul Aisyiyah and Fatayat NU, both in Jogja and Kediri. The research findings show that what has been stigmatized to women so far is that they are powerless to master information and communication technology, which does not apply to members of Fatayat NU and Nasyiatul Aisyiyah. This research shows that women are also reliable in accessing the internet for the benefit of empowering women, especially KBGO issues. This research has provided a different understanding of the phenomenon of the massive use of internet-based technology by female activists