Hasil untuk "Industrial relations"

Vincenzo Petrone, Enrico Ferrentino, Pasquale Chiacchio

This paper presents the full dynamic model of the UR10 industrial robot. A triple-stage identification approach is adopted to estimate the manipulator's dynamic coefficients. First, linear parameters are computed using a standard linear regression algorithm. Subsequently, nonlinear friction parameters are estimated according to a sigmoidal model. Lastly, motor drive gains are devised to map estimated joint currents to torques. The overall identified model can be used for both control and planning purposes, as the accompanied ROS2 software can be easily reconfigured to account for a generic payload. The estimated robot model is experimentally validated against a set of exciting trajectories and compared to the state-of-the-art model for the same manipulator, achieving higher current prediction accuracy (up to a factor of 4.43) and more precise motor gains. The related software is available at https://codeocean.com/capsule/8515919/tree/v2.

Elena Dorato, Richard Lee Peragine

This article presents an on-going research project developed by the Department of Architecture of the University of Ferrara and AMI Ferrara regarding home-work mobility patterns in local agro-industrial production. By combining quantitative and qualitative research tools (i.e. literature review, surveys, interviews, GIS-mapping), this research originally aimed to research habits, needs, and propensity to change of agricultural workers in the area in relation to home-work mobility. The investigation therefore necessarily has to confront “caporalato”. Bearing in mind existing power relations and the inherent opacity of dynamics in agricultural work, we highlight the difficulties encountered by the mapping campaign, as well as the dangers of its instrumentalization when addressing such work relations. By emphasizing the tendency of agricultural day-labourers to defy localization, we aim at departing from this lack (or absence) of information to suggest the relevance of a critical approach to mapping in contemporary racial capitalism. The paper finally proposes substantial theoretical frameworks, extensive field research and investigative campaigns on-the-ground in contrast to the strictly vertical, top-down and technocratic approach of traditional mapping, in order to answer to mobility habits and needs of agricultural workers.

Li Dong, Yubo Peng, Feibo Jiang et al.

In fire surveillance, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices require transmitting large monitoring data frequently, which leads to huge consumption of spectrum resources. Hence, we propose an Industrial Edge Semantic Network (IESN) to allow IIoT devices to send warnings through Semantic communication (SC). Thus, we should consider (1) Data privacy and security. (2) SC model adaptation for heterogeneous devices. (3) Explainability of semantics. Therefore, first, we present an eXplainable Semantic Federated Learning (XSFL) to train the SC model, thus ensuring data privacy and security. Then, we present an Adaptive Client Training (ACT) strategy to provide a specific SC model for each device according to its Fisher information matrix, thus overcoming the heterogeneity. Next, an Explainable SC (ESC) mechanism is designed, which introduces a leakyReLU-based activation mapping to explain the relationship between the extracted semantics and monitoring data. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of XSFL.

Xiang Li, Lan Zhao, Junhao Ren et al.

Effective information gathering and knowledge codification are pivotal for developing recommendation systems that promote circular economy practices. One promising approach involves the creation of a centralized knowledge repository cataloguing historical waste-to-resource transactions, which subsequently enables the generation of recommendations based on past successes. However, a significant barrier to constructing such a knowledge repository lies in the absence of a universally standardized framework for representing business activities across disparate geographical regions. To address this challenge, this paper leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to classify textual data describing economic activities into the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), a globally recognized economic activity classification framework. This approach enables any economic activity descriptions provided by businesses worldwide to be categorized into the unified ISIC standard, facilitating the creation of a centralized knowledge repository. Our approach achieves a 95% accuracy rate on a 182-label test dataset with fine-tuned GPT-2 model. This research contributes to the global endeavour of fostering sustainable circular economy practices by providing a standardized foundation for knowledge codification and recommendation systems deployable across regions.

Adrián Pérez-Resa, Miguel García-Bosque, Carlos Sánchez-Azqueta et al.

Industrial Ethernet is a technology widely spread in factory floors and critical infrastructures where a high amount of data need to be collected and transported. Fiber optic networks at gigabit rates fit well with that type of environments where speed, system performance and reliability are critical. In this work a new encryption method for high speed optical communications suitable for such kind of networks is proposed. This new encryption method consists of a symmetric streaming encryption of the 8b/10b data flow at PCS (Physical Coding Sublayer) level. It is carried out thanks to an FPE (Format Preserving Encryption) blockcipher working in CTR (Counter) mode. The overall system has been simulated and implemented in an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). Thanks to experimental results it can be concluded that it is possible to cipher traffic at this physical level in a secure way. In addition, no overhead is introduced during encryption, getting minimum latency and maximum throughput.

René von Schomberg

In this article, I will explore how the underlying research values of ‘openness’ and ‘mutual responsiveness’, which are central to open science practices, can be integrated into a new ethos of science. Firstly, I will revisit Robert Merton's early contribution to this issue, examining whether the ethos of science should be understood as a set of norms for scientists to practice ‘good’ science or as a set of research values as a functional requirement of the scientific system to produce knowledge, irrespective of individual adherence to these norms. Secondly, I will analyse the recent codification of scientific practice in terms of ‘scientific integrity’, a framework that Merton did not pursue. Based on this analysis, and illustrated on the case of COVID-19 as a case in which the institution of science was challenged to deliver urgently on societal desirable outcomes, I will argue that promoting open science and its core norms of collaboration and openness requires broader governance of the institution of science in its relationship with society at large, rather than relying solely on self-governance within the scientific community through a new ethos of science. This conclusion has implications for re-evaluating research assessments, suggesting that the evaluation of the scientific system should take precedence over evaluating individual researchers, and that incentives should be provided to encourage specific research behaviour rather than solely focusing on individual research outputs.

Valentyna Voronkova, Oleksandr Cherep, Lilia Bexhter

The relevance of research on the conceptual foundations of personnel strategy formation in industrial enterprises under the conditions of digitalisation appears to be very relevant, which is due to the following factors. The digital transformation of industrial enterprises leads to the emergence of new technologies, processes and personnel requirements. The HR strategy must adapt to these changes in order to ensure that the company has the necessary qualifications and skills. Under the conditions of digitalisation, the demand for specialists in the field of information technologies and digital data processing is increasing. Companies need to develop strategies to attract, retain and develop such personnel in order to remain competitive. Digital technologies make it possible to automate and optimise business processes, so the HR strategy must reflect these changes and take into account the new roles and requirements for personnel. As technologies and processes change, there is a need for continuous training and development of personnel. The HR strategy should include training and development programmes aimed at increasing digital skills. Studying the conceptual foundations of personnel strategy development in the conditions of digitalisation will help companies to effectively adapt to contemporary challenges and ensure their competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to disclose the conceptual foundations of forming a personnel strategy at industrial enterprises in the context of digitalisation. The methodology of the study is an interdisciplinary approach based on the idea of effective development of an industrial enterprise as a sociotechnological system, which allowed to combine systemic knowledge that will help to understand how social factors affect the implementation of technologies and the development of the enterprise as a whole. The enterprise as a complex social and technological system should be analysed within the framework of the socio-humanistic approach, which is based on the recognition of the human being as the subject and object of all processes. In the context of a socio-humanistic approach to business analysis, it is important to address aspects related to social relations, human needs and values, and the interaction between employees and management. The fundamental principles of the socio-humanistic approach, such as taking into account the individual needs of employees, supporting their development and satisfaction from professional activities, can be applied to the analysis of an enterprise's performance. This means that the efficiency and success of an organisation is assessed not only by financial indicators, but also by the level of satisfaction and development of its employees. Studying the social interactions, communication and psychological climate of the team can help to understand what factors contribute to or hinder the effective functioning of the organisation. This approach allows to see the company as a living, organic system in which human relationships and values play an essential role. The study opens up the possibility of integrating different scientific disciplines, such as sociology, technology, economics, psychology and management, in order to understand the complex relationships in today's industrial companies. The implementation of the recommendations will help companies improve the efficiency of personnel management, provide the necessary human resources and meet the requirements of the modern market. The research generates new knowledge in the field of personnel management and digitalisation, has direct practical application for companies in increasing their competitiveness and stability in the market.

Fios Frederikus, Prameswari Dita Putri

This paper aims to explain how the local community in North Central Timor maintains and preserves local culture by maintaining relations with the surrounding natural environment through Tfua Ton towards sustainable ecological in the industry 4.0 era. This was done considering the geographical and climatic conditions in the North Central Timor district in general; it is a dry area due to low rainfall, especially in the dry season. This research method uses qualitative especially phenomenological approach and literature study. The results of this study found that the cultural preservation efforts carried out by the people of North Central Timor continue to carry out Tfua Ton in each dry season important for humans in the local community to protect their life and environment. The results of the research show that the cultural rituals of Tfua Ton have been proven to have been successfully preserved by the local community by maintaining the relationship between humans and God, nature, and also their ancestors to create an environmental balance where the local community lives in the industry 4.0 era. This cultural preservation has been carried out consistently by local communities in North Central Timor for centuries, now and in the future, in line with the industrial revolution 4.0.

Oksana A. Kursova

The issue of protecting the emotional sphere of an employee in the structure of personal non-property rights in the science of labor law has not yet been subjected to a separate scientific analysis, but now it is being updated more than ever. This is primarily due to the fact that in the modern information society, in the conditions of service economy, when the usual way of labor relations, inherent in the era of industrial labor, is changing, the problem of determining the boundaries of the employer's power over the employee again comes to the fore. Only now these boundaries need to be set, taking into account not only physical, but also psycho-emotional professional risks. The article attempts to substantiate the category of "emotional" rights of an employee as the main object of protection in the structure of the employee's personal non-property rights. The analysis of scientific literature, normative regulation and law enforcement practice on the issues under study shows that the universal recognition of the importance of personal non-property rights does not ensure the effectiveness of their legal protection, which in turn is associated with the uncertainty of the object of protection of personal non-property labor rights. On this basis, it is proposed to specify and clarify the object of legal protection in the construction of personal non-property labor rights, which, from the point of view of the author, includes the psycho-emotional sphere of the employee. This approach allows to define the mechanism of legal protection of personal non-property labor rights in a more constructive way.

Gianluca Cena, Stefano Scanzio, Adriano Valenzano

The adoption of wireless communications and, in particular, Wi-Fi, at the lowest level of the factory automation hierarchy has not increased as fast as expected so far, mainly because of serious issues concerning determinism. Actually, besides the random access scheme, disturbance and interference prevent reliable communication over the air and, as a matter of fact, make wireless networks unable to support distributed real-time control applications properly. Several papers recently appeared in the literature suggest that diversity could be leveraged to overcome this limitation effectively. In this paper a reference architecture is introduced, which describes how seamless link-level redundancy can be applied to Wi-Fi. The framework is general enough to serve as a basis for future protocol enhancements, and also includes two optimizations aimed at improving the quality of wireless communication by avoiding unnecessary replicated transmissions. Some relevant solutions have been analyzed by means of a thorough simulation campaign, in order to highlight their benefits when compared to conventional Wi-Fi. Results show that both packet losses and network latencies improve noticeably.

Gianluca Cena, Stefano Scanzio, Adriano Valenzano

Reliability and determinism of Wi-Fi can be tangibly improved by means of seamless redundancy, to the point of making this technology suitable for industrial environments. As pointed out in recent papers, the most benefits can be achieved when no phenomena can simultaneously affect transmissions on all channels of a redundant link. In this paper, several aspects are analyzed which, if not properly counteracted, may worsen seamless redundancy effectiveness. Effects they cause on communication have been experimentally evaluated in real testbeds, which rely on commercial Wi-Fi devices. Then, practical guidelines are provided, which aim at preventing joint interference through a careful system design. Results show that measured communication quality can be made as good as expected in theory.

Bashdar Abuzed Sadee

The aim of this research was to evaluate the total content of heavy metals in selected and frequently ‎used vegetables.  Ten samples of the most common diet vegetables (chard, celery, garden cress, ‎spinach, Egyptian leek, wild mint, spring onion, arum, mallow, sunflower) were collected from the ‎local markets in Erbil, in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The heavy metals were extracted from ‎vegetable samples by microwave-assisted acid digestion utilizing nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide, ‎followed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the ‎concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb in the samples. The concentration ranges of heavy metals ‎found for the ten types of edible vegetables investigated are as follows (in µg g-1): As, 0.198-0.436; ‎Cd, <LOD-0.396; Cr, 1.653-11.915; Cu, 3.956-17.782 and Pb, 0.244-1.323. The method was ‎validated for total As, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb extraction by analysing a certified reference material of ‎GBW10015-spinach. From health point of view estimated daily intake and carcinogenic risks of ‎heavy metals were evaluated. Estimated daily intake values of these heavy metals were found to be ‎lower than the maximum tolerable daily intake. This study also shows that the carcinogenic risk for ‎As, Cd, Cr and Pb exceeded the acceptable level. The results of this work recommend that consumers should be more cautious about levels of heavy ‎metals (especially As, Cd, Cr and Pb) in the analysed vegetable samples in order to make sure the ‎vegetable safety for consumers in Erbil city- the Kurdistan region of Iraq.   References Adrees, M., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Ibrahim, M., Abbas, F.,       Farid, M., Zia-ur-Rehman, M. Irshad, M., and Bharwana, S. 2015. The effect of excess copper on growth and physiology of important food crops: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22(11), 8148-8162. Barbes, L. Barbulescu, A., Radulescu, C., Stihi, C. and Chelarescu, E. 2014. 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Larysa Poliatykina, Iryna Samoshkina, Victoria Borisova

The purpose of the article is to study the problems of implementing the credit mechanism in the agrarian sector, the rationale for the need to increase the amount of lending to the agro-industrial complex and the analysis of existing studies of bank lending to agricultural enterprises. The issue of solving the problems of lending to the agro-industrial sector in the modern scientific literature is not addressed enough. In light of this, the above-mentioned issues require further comprehensive research in order to identify effective ways to solve the existing problems. Problem statement. The task of the research is to: study the current state of bank lending in the country, analyze the state of accounting and financial support for lending to agro-industrial enterprises and determine the prospects for the development of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine; analyze the shortcomings and formulate the main trends of these enterprises. As a result of the research to investigate the accounting and financial problems of lending to agricultural enterprises, to highlight in detail their main problems and features. Methodology. The analysis of the activities of agricultural enterprises and the peculiarities of its management. The issues of formation and functioning of farms, as well as document management and business administration in these farms are debatable. Results. According to the research, accounting and financial problems and possible prospects for lending in the agricultural sector of Ukraine were analyzed. As a result of the study, we have analyzed the state, problems and possible prospects of lending in the agrarian sphere of Ukraine. The features of credit relations of agro-industrial enterprises with commercial banks are revealed, the state and trends of development, as well as the modern conditions of bank lending to agricultural enterprises are analyzed. The need for the state support in providing this industry with affordable long-term lending resources and the introduction of preferential credit mechanisms for agricultural commodity producers is determined. Practical implications. Peculiarities of credit relations of agro-industrial enterprises with commercial banks are revealed, their state and development tendencies are analyzed, as well as modern conditions of bank crediting of agrarian enterprises. They develop the real economy, expand employment opportunities and promote competition. The necessity of intensifying the development of agro-industrial enterprises, which is an important task of the state, has been proved. The solution of accounting and financial problems of bank lending to agro-industrial enterprises in Ukraine should be based on the introduction of European experience, which will contribute to the creation of a modern market economy with social justice. Lending to agricultural enterprises by commercial banks is currently quite complicated, and sometimes even impossible. The reasons are low profitability, return on capital employed and liquidity of the property. At present, farmers are considering alternative options for the replenishment of working capital. Therefore, the avalisation of bills and agrarian receipts may be used as an alternative to bank lending to meet the needs for the crop protection agents, fertilizers and planting material. These methods make it possible to obtain a delay in payment for the acquired resources or financial resources for the acquisition of working capital in the provision of agricultural enterprises with future harvest. The formation of strategic directions of creditor activity of banking institutions of Ukraine is considered on the example of activity of JSB "UKRGASBANK". The article pays attention to the issues of credit insurance in order to protect the interests of banking institutions and improve the formation of directions for solving the problems of bank lending to agricultural enterprises. Value/originality. The need for state support in providing agricultural enterprises with affordable long-term loans and the introduction of mechanisms for targeted lending to agricultural producers, which is possible only through a balanced government policy of comprehensive support for this sector of the economy. The directions of the decision of problems of bank crediting of the agricultural enterprises are offered. The improvement of legislation on the agrarian policy, the regulation of lending operations, the rational distribution of funds, their effective use and timely repayment of debt, and the corresponding policy of the state could remedy the situation.

A.K. Shabunina

This article is devoted to the methodology for studying the practice of social compromise in Victorian society in the context of the evolution of the modern scientific paradigm and the transformation of the space of scientific search. The current scientific focus of the new social history puts sociocultural practices at the center of its concern. From a methodological perspective, the latter are implicitly governed by the inherent principle of interdisciplinarity, as shown here using the example of the social processes in Victorian England. The practice of social consensus, which has been shaped through the research process, is helpful to consider, using the sociocultural approach, the social and cultural components of the evolution of Victorian society. The results obtained demonstrate that a complex of economic, political, and social practices developed during the period under study, and it significantly changed the sociocultural landscape of public relations in England. The formation of these practices was influenced by the following features characteristic of Victorian society: consistent electoral reforms, the legalization of trade unions, the spread of cooperatives, the democratization of government institutions, the emigration of low-skilled workers, the formation of a new social ideology, and the increase in the educational level of workers. As a form of conflict resolution, the consensus was reached through the prism of combining cultural norms and values of the polar strata of society, where the expanding middle class acted as a stabilizer of the common worldview space. The English social compromise was formed under the conditions of both industrial and imperial successes, made it possible to overcome the socioeconomic crisis, and laid the foundations of the modern European political strategy for pre-empting possible causes of conflict. The most important finding of this investigation is that the constructed research model of social compromise can be expanded by complicating the subject of research and by restructuring epistemologically the historian’s tools while using the multidimensionality of the transdisciplinary approach and further pushing the boundaries of research.

Saraev Nikolay, Kicha Maria, Demidchenko Yuriy et al.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to establish, on the basis of a systematic analysis of the factors influencing the provision of legality, the elements of the modern deterministic complex of negative phenomena in lawmaking, law enforcement and judicial practice related to the effectiveness of law enforcement in the Russian Federation. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological basis of the study was the comparative-legal, statistical, structural-functional and method of expert assessments. Findings: Today in Russia, in the conditions of state-political transformations, the main functional burden for their successful implementation is placed on the rule of law as the main socializing regulatory institution. It has an extremely negative impact on the state of the legality of the problem in lawmaking and law enforcement. To understand the essence of these problems and minimize their consequences, the authors substantiate the need to study the identified issues within the framework of the concept of legal dementia. Legal dementia is such a state of compliance by subjects of law with the provisions of the law, which is characterized by a failure to some extent by state bodies not only to fulfill their functions, but also inability to respond due to a low level of competence and professionalism to factors that weaken the effectiveness of legal guarantees. Originality/value: The study made it possible to come to qualitatively new conclusions substantiating the dominance of legal dementia in the impact on the state of law in modern society. In order to increase the effectiveness of guarantees of legality, it is proposed to create a State Commission for the Codification of Legislation; to develop and implement the Concept for Ensuring the Rule of Law in the Russian Federation, which provides for a set of measures aimed at the uniformity of judicial practice.

Gibson Meira Oliveira, Anielson Barbosa da Silva

Industrial clusters are highly concentrated professional environments, being a potential area for development of dynamic managerial capabilities and interorganizational learning. This study proposes to identify interorganizational learning mechanisms and their integration to the dynamic managerial capabilities in a technology cluster. This is an exploratory research and it uses a qualitative approach through a single-case study. The data analysis was based on content analysis techniques proposed by Bardin. It was identified formal and informal mechanisms that enable the learning between companies and the importance of the role of management core in fostering interorganizational learning, through the various projects that have integrator scope and cooperation between companies. The study revealed that the existence of a department for cluster management is essential to maintain relations between companies and their professionals. This research allowed expanding the knowledge related to the cluster perspective and interorganizational learning, providing the identification of mechanisms that favor the development and mobilization of dynamic managerial capabilities, which collaborate to fill theoretical gaps related to the constructs and reveal their complex nature that is determinant for the governance of a cluster.

Dennis Jarvis, Jacqueline Jarvis, Chen-Wei Yang et al.

The benefits that arise from the adoption of a systems engineering approach to the design of engineered systems are well understood and documented. However , with software systems, different approaches are required given the changeability of requirements and the malleability of software. With the design of industrial cyber-physical systems, one is confronted with the challenge of designing engineered systems that have a significant software component. Furthermore, that software component must be able to seamlessly interact with both the enterprise's business systems and industrial systems. In this paper, we present Janus, which together with the GORITE BDI agent framework, provides a methodology for the design of agent-based industrial cyber-physical systems. Central to the Janus approach is the development of a logical architecture as in traditional systems engineering and then the allocation of the logical requirements to a BDI (Belief Desire Intention) agent architecture which is derived from the physical architecture for the system. Janus has its origins in product manufacturing; in this paper, we apply it to the problem of Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) for power substations.

Roopak Sinha, Sandeep Patil, Luis Gomes et al.

Industrial automation systems (IAS) need to be highly dependable; they should not merely function as expected but also do so in a reliable, safe, and secure manner. Formal methods are mathematical techniques that can greatly aid in developing dependable systems and can be used across all phases of the system development life cycle (SDLC), including requirements engineering, system design and implementation, verification and validation (testing), maintenance, and even documentation. This state-of-the-art survey reports existing formal approaches for creating more dependable IAS, focusing on static formal methods that are used before a system is completely implemented. We categorize surveyed works based on the phases of the SDLC, allowing us to identify research gaps and promising future directions for each phase.

Awais Tanveer, Roopak Sinha, Matthew M. Y. Kuo

Increasing automation and external connectivity in industrial control systems (ICS) demand a greater emphasis on software-level communication security. In this article, we propose a secure-by-design development method for building ICS applications, where requirements from security standards like ISA/IEC 62443 are fulfilled by design-time abstractions called secure links. Proposed as an extension to the IEC 61499 development standard, secure links incorporate both light-weight and traditional security mechanisms into applications with negligible effort. Applications containing secure links can be automatically compiled into fully IEC 61499-compliant software. Experimental results show secure links significantly reduce design and code complexity and improve application maintainability and requirements traceability.

Shihui Han, Roopak Sinha, Andrew Lowe

Industrial standards for developing medical device software provide requirements that conforming devices must meet. A number of reference software architectures have been proposed to develop such software. The ISO/IEC 25010:2011 family of standards provides a comprehensive software product quality model, including characteristics that are highly desirable in medical devices. Furthermore, frameworks like 4+1 Views provide a robust framework to develop the software architecture or high level design for any software, including for medical devices. However, the alignment between industrial standards and reference architectures for medical device software, on one hand, and ISO/IEC 25010:2011 and 4+1 Views, on the other, is not well understood. This paper aims to explore how ISO/IEC 25010:2011 and 4+1 Views are supported by current standards, namely ISO 13485:2016, ISO 14971:2012, IEC 62304:2006 and IEC 62366:2015, and current reference architectures for medical device software. We classified requirements from medical devices standards into qualities from ISO/IEC 25010:2011 and architectural views from 4+1 Views. A systematic literature review (SLR) method was followed to review current references software architectures and a mapping of their support for the identified ISO/IEC 25010:2011 qualities in the previous step was carried out. Our results show that ISO/IEC 25010:2011 qualities like functional suitability, portability, maintainability, usability, security, reliability and compatibility are highly emphasised in medical device standards. Furthermore, we show that current reference architectures only partially support these qualities. This paper can help medical device developers identify focus areas for developing standards-compliant software. A wider study involving under-development medical devices can help improve the accuracy of our findings in the future.